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Copyright of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation is the property of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del Cuerpo Médico del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo is the property of Cuerpo Medico del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the strategic actions of water resources management (GIRH in Spanish) by the institutions and society as a whole that are being carried out in the specific area of the Marapa basin, which is historically a hydrologic risk area. In order to fulfill this objective, the "exploratory sequential mixed methods" applied allowing a multiple perspective that summarizes the results obtained until 2020. Lastly, express a projection for the consideration of the interested parties that may serve to give effective continuity to the actions carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pioneer of Preceramic archaeology in Peru, Frédéric Engel (1981: 24), argued that archaeological site distribution during the Early Holocene, was defined by the 'fog oasis situation' of lomas -the seasonal oases sustained by ocean fogs that flourish along the arid Pacific coast of Peru- a proposition that remains much debated. Here we reassess Engel's ideas using archaeological findings from Middle Preceramic archaeological sites (to c. 4500 cal BP) from alongside and within the lomas of the south coast of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (Version impresa) is the property of Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The formulation and solution to the newsvendor problem using a Bayesian approach is presented. This approach allows us to incorporate the uncertainty in the parameters of demand distribution (introduced in the process of parameter estimation). An example that allows obtaining an analytical solution is presented and experiments are performed with the model in order to compare the results using the proposed Bayesian approach versus the classical method. In addition, the optimal order size is determined using stochastic simulation, methodology that is suggested when model complexity does not allow obtaining an analytical solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicolour photometry of the stellar populations in five fields in the third Galactic quadrant centred on the clusters NGC 2215, NGC 2354, Haffner 22, Ruprecht 11, and ESO489 SC01 is interpreted in terms of a warped and flared Galactic disc, without resort to an external entity such as the popular Monoceros or Canis Major overdensities. Except for NGC 2215, the clusters are poorly or unstudied previously. The data generate basic parameters for each cluster, including the distribution of stars along the line of sight. We use star counts and photometric analysis, without recourse to Galactic-model-based predictions or interpretations, and confirms earlier results for NGC 2215 and NGC 2354. ESO489 SC01 is not a real cluster, while Haffner 22 is an overlooked cluster aged ~2.5 Gyr. Conclusions for Ruprecht 11 are preliminary, evidence for a cluster being marginal. Fields surrounding the clusters show signatures of young and intermediate-age stellar populations. The young population background to NGC 2354 and Ruprecht 11 lies ~8-9 kpc from the Sun and ~1 kpc below the formal Galactic plane, tracing a portion of the Norma-Cygnus arm, challenging Galactic models that adopt a sharp cut-off of the disc 12-14 kpc from the Galactic Centre. The old population is metal-poor with an age of ~2-3 Gyr, resembling star clusters like Tombaugh 2 or NGC 2158. It has a large colour spread and is difficult to locate precisely. Young and old populations follow a pattern that depends critically on the vertical location of the thin and/or thick disc, and whether or not a particular line of sight intersects one, both, or none. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A defining aspect of human cooperation is the use of sophisticated indirect reciprocity. We observe others, talk about others, and act accordingly. We help those who help others, and we cooperate expecting that others will cooperate in return. Indirect reciprocity is based on reputation, which spreads by communication. A crucial aspect of indirect reciprocity is observability: reputation effects can support cooperation as long as peoples' actions can be observed by others. In evolutionary models of indirect reciprocity, natural selection favors cooperation when observability is sufficiently high. Complimenting this theoretical work are experiments where observability promotes cooperation among small groups playing games in the laboratory. Until now, however, there has been little evidence of observability's power to promote large-scale cooperation in real world settings. Here we provide such evidence using a field study involving 2,413 subjects. We collaborated with a utility company to study participation in a program designed to prevent blackouts. We show that observability triples participation in this public goods game. The effect is over four times larger than offering a $25 monetary incentive, the company's previous policy. Furthermore, as predicted by indirect reciprocity, we provide evidence that reputational concerns are driving our observability effect. In sum, we show how indirect reciprocity can be harnessed to increase cooperation in a relevant, real-world public goods game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When Spanish explorers first arrived in the region later known as the southeastern United States in the early 16th century, they encountered complex, chiefdom level societies in many areas. These societies, with populations commonly numbering in the thousands and occasionally tens of thousands, were characterized by hereditary inequality of individuals and groups, monumental architecture, elaborate ceremonialism, and were engaged in constant warfare with one another. While state societies like those present in western South America and Mesoamerica were not found in the Southeast, most scholars believe they would have eventually emerged within the region. Indeed, some believe that a state did emerge briefly at Cahokia in the central Mississippi Valley around ca. AD 1050. The contact era societies the early European explorers saw, however, represented only the final chapter in a long record dating back thousands of years. Seemingly complex societies characterized by formal cemeteries and elaborate ceremonialism were present in the region as far back as the terminal Pleistocene some 12.000 years ago, as represented by the Dalton culture of the central Mississippi Valley, while the construction of massive mound complexes of earth and shell appears in many areas in the later Mid-Holocene era, after ca. 7000 cal yr BP. Complex societies thus persisted for thousands of years in the Southeast, with hunting and gathering providing the means of subsistence for much of this interval. Agricultural food production only became important in the final two millennia before contact, long after complex societies were widely established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Escaba reservoir is located in Juan Bautista Alberdi Department in the Yungas of Tucumán at about 650 meters above mean sea level. It covers an area of approximately 541 ha, with a storage capacity of 138 hm3. The reservoir is part of the Marapa-San Francisco basin shared between the provinces of Catamarca and Tucumán. Its tributaries are the permanent rivers Chavarría and Singuil together with El Chorro, Las Moras and Huasarroyo, which are rivers with less discharge. It was built in 1943 for multiple purposes including flood attenuation, regulation of flows for irrigation, recreation and tourism promotion, among others. The aim of this multidisciplinary book is to characterize the Escaba reservoir and its drainage basin, considering different geographical and biological aspects to determine the current environmental conditions of the study area. Moreover, it seeks to integrate the acquired knowledge by providing tools that facilitate adequate decision-making on water resources management by government agencies and human communities of the area. This implies proposing concrete actions for a sustainable management of the ecosystem, favoring conservation, protection and/or restoration measures, in this emblematic area of the province of Tucumán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recently the transition between the Paracas (380 - 260 B.C.) and subsequent Initial Nasca (260 B.C. - A.D. 80) epochs on the south coast of Peru was understood primarily through mortuary remains, and settlement pattern analysis. If we are to understand properly the socio-cultural and political mechanisms that underlay this period of great change, however, we need a better understanding of the quotidian details of the lives of those people who made and experienced them. We seek here to contribute to that understanding by reporting recent investigations of a semi-permanent Ocucaje 9/10 - Nasca 1 occupation site in the Samaca Basin, lower Ica Valley ('Samaca 1004'). The site lies on the pampa at the edge of the basin, approximately 80m above the current Río Ica floodplain and distant from any source of water. The site is associated with a series of trapezoid geoglyphs marked on the surface of this pampa. Using ceramic, lithic, faunal, botanical and mortuary evidence gathered from field-walking survey, we propose various hypotheses for what kind of site Samaca 1004 was, and why it was situated where it was. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo fue identificar polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) asociados a la fertilidad en hembras bovinas criadas en subtropico. La re-secuenciación de nueve genes relacionados al eje endocrino GH-IGF, localizados en los cromosomas 5, 16 y 20 del bovino, identificó 73 SNP útiles para estudios genéticos asociativos; sin embargo, sólo siete resultaron polimórficos y exclusivos de la raza Romosinuano. Muestras de ADN se extrajeron de 129 vaquillas Romosinuano y usadas para determinar los genotipos correspondientes a cada SNP. Un análisis de modelos mixtos identificó únicamente a un polimorfismo del gen PAPP-A2 (C/T, rs110490898) como predictor (P<0.05) del comportamiento reproductivo. El alelo T fue el más favorable (P<0.05) ya que éste se asoció a una reducción tanto en la edad al primer parto (-37.1 ± 14.4 días), como en la edad al segundo parto (-65.43 ± 30.8 días). En el análisis de contrastes el término lineal resultó significativo (P<0.05), pero no el quadrático, lo cual sugiere un efecto aditivo de los alelos. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia para proponer al gen PAPP-A2, como candidato asociado al comportamiento reproductivo en vaquillas y vacas primerizas de la raza Romosinuano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]