Search

Copyright of Sociedad y Economia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the phenomenon of inequality in the distribution of wealth from a psychosocial perspective, emphasizing the individualist-collectivist cultural dimension. In the first theoretical part, it begins by describing some contributions of the social psychology perspective on inequality in the distribution of economic resources. In a second part, it reviews several recent scientific studies on the relationship between cultural individualism-collectivism and economic inequality. Finally, it presents the conclusions and limitations of the work, and proposes future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The so-called vertical inequality is one of the central issues of the international debate in recent years, as its unbridled growth has reached intolerable limits in ethical and economic terms that can no longer be ignored by anyone. The Rights Movement believes that it can offer useful tools for dealing with this unjust situation., while others doubt about the relationship between economic inequality and human rights and about the capacity of human rights to fight against this kind of inequality. In the discussion there are opposing, supporting and intermediate positions on this thesis. A careful analysis of this debate and the concepts involved in it is of fundamental relevance in order to assess the root problem behind the economic, social and cultural rights, which has to do with, among other things, a question of concept and foundation of rights. The aim here is to highlight the main arguments and to critically examine the most questionable definitions and considerations in order to then establish a more robust concept of social rights. A reasonable solution is to combine the project of sufficiency with the project of equality by returning to the foundations of the genuine social rule of law, which gave rise to these rights and which configures them as rights of dignity based on real freedom, substantive equality and also solidarity, which is little mentioned in the debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper used a new source of information (ESRU-EMOVI NL) to estimate, for the first time, the lower limit of unequal opportunities in a federal state in Mexico. Using the former criterion concerning unequal opportunities, a lower threshold indicated 35% inequality in economic resources in the state. As at the national level, the main contributors to unequal opportunities in the state are unequal economic resources by origin and parental education. However, in contrast to what has been observed, for the country as a whole, inequalities associated with people's skin tone account for 5% of observed unequal opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines inequality in income distribution in Argentina between 2014 and 2020 in a context of stagnation and economic crisis, which coincided with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The determining factors of income distribution were analyzed based on a household survey, and a breakdown of the Gini coefficient was implemented to determine the factors that explained the increase in inequality. From a structuralist point of view, the retraction of formal employment, the expansion of the informal sector, and greater coverage of social protection policies were the central factors that explained the increased level of inequality at that time. Social transfers helped to mitigate inequality in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEA is the property of Revista CEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Sociología is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses, from the prism of International Economic Law (IEL), on the issue of remittances and international migration, with an approach based on human rights and economic inequality in this hemisphere. It is particularly limited to the case study of Mexico and its dynamics of individual and collective remittances, sent by the Mexican migrant population residing in the United States to their families and communities in Mexico. The analysis of the issue of remittances is also carried out with a look at economic globalization and with a trans-territorial approach of the Mexican nation-state, which is integrated in addition to its population settled in its territorial space, by the Mexican population residing in the States. The present study is from the IEL perspective, the epistemic synergy becomes relevant in a context of international migration with a human rights view, in order to analyze the remittances linked to the phenomenon of economic inequality and its potential effects for Mexico and the United States in the present decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived primarily as social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals/groups. However, it is perceived more in terms of social justice when people are situated on the left (vs. the right) of the political spectrum. We discuss the perception of economic inequality as a multidimensional phenomenon situated in everyday life, which influences how we understand and react to social disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the labor inequality experienced by women and men is evident in income. The objective of this work was to analyze the economic income of women and men in economic activities in Mexico, during the last 15 years, based on the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, in order to detect wage gaps by gender. Method: to carry out the analysis, the 20 activity sectors contemplated in the North American Industrial Classification System were considered. Information was extracted from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment about the sex, hourly income, years of schooling and age of the individuals. The basic decomposition equation Oaxaca-Blinder was applied after conducting econometric analysis through multiple linear regressions through Mincer's wage equation. Results: the results of the analysis show a wage gap in the economic activities of, on the one hand a) construction, and b) transportation, commerce, and storage, favorable to women in each of the years of the analysis. On the other hand, in the activities of c) corporate, and d) other services, except activities government, it is appreciated a wage gap favorable to men in all years of the study. Discussion or Conclusion: the economic income has allowed showing the salary difference between men and women in the different economic activities of Mexico, favorable in some activities to women although in the majority it is favorable to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The neoliberal stage of capitalism has exacerbated economic inequalities through the implementation of specific legislative and institutional reforms. These have made it possible to raise accumulation margins by restructuring labor markets and reducing the state's participation in welfare provision. Interpreting these changes in light of feminism incorporates a complex analysis of the interrelationships between gender and the economy that highlights the role of women in the dynamics of adjustment, particularly in precarious working conditions and the reduction of social security networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the behavior of inequality in the distribution of family income under the different macroeconomic regimes in force during the last four decades in Argentina. It also evaluates the factors explaining the changes thereof. This work examines the hypothesis that during the said decades an inequality matrix associated with a persistent structural heterogeneity in the social-occupational systems would have been established, even though if there was a context of active distributive policies. To prove this hypothesis, a model is developed to decompose the Gini coefficient, distinguishing the income contribution to the family-income inequality by different economic sectors. The information is gathered by using the Household Permanent Survey of the Argentinian National Institute for Statistics and Census, specifically, the one applied to the Great Buenos Aires as it was the only one having complete information for the study term. The findings reveal that the highest distributive inequality is explained with a higher inequity in labor earnings, higher concentration of income by the most upgraded economic sectors and the impoverishment of the low-productivity sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who is the most affected by corruption, the rich citizen or the poor? Who is more likely to validate corrupt activities, the rich or the poor? A fundamental question that the members of a society face is whether they would like to live in a corrupt system. In other words, if people had an option between choosing a corrupt State over an honest State, which one they should go for? We claim that in a society characterized by inhabitants with varying levels of income, the answer to the question may differ between the rich and the poor. We show that with significant costs of corruption, the poorer section of the society tends to suffer more than the richer one concerning the honest system where public officials are honest. By applying the robust least squares technique, for Mexico over the 1996-2016 period, it is shown that: 1) in Mexico the rich support/like/want/contribute more to a corrupt system; 2) the poor are very affected by a corrupt system; 3) the government and its policies have no effect on the income of the rich, while for the poor, if the government's policies are of better or higher quality, then the less poor they will be, and 4) economic inequality, measured by the Gini index, affects the poor more than the rich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trayectorias is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia is the property of Centro Latinoamericano de Administracion para el Desarrollo (CLAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Internal and regional conflicts, inequality, and government instability can intensify the traffic of human organs and tissue. This type of illegal market has financed criminal organizations, which are a menace to peace and national security. The international community has endorsed agreements and protocols to abate this crime; however, these initiatives lack a focus on security. Shortcomings in the fight against organ trafficking have favored the emergence of criminal organizations seeking to profit at the expense of the health of the less favored worldwide. International threats such as the Islamic State and other rebel groups use organ trafficking as a means to finance their activities. Greater legislative efforts are required to strengthen the programs developed by institutions such as Europol and Interpol to guarantee collective security, leading to the dismantling of criminal networks and providing assistance to victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia is the property of Centro Latinoamericano de Administracion para el Desarrollo (CLAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Wealth inequality in pre-industrial societies is a newly reinvigorated topic in economic history. Late medieval historians, particularly those of Iberia, face the challenge to catch up with their early modern counterparts. This proves completely possible due to the existence of analytic methods already developed in economics, as well as tax sources based on patrimony estimates of tax-payers. With the aim of addressing such a topic, this essay analyses three cases coming from various late medieval Iberian populations: Valls (1378), Seville (1384) and Palma (1478). In the case of Valls and Sevile the evidence has been based on transcriptions of available material, while for Palma we have studied a original unpublised record. Part one poses the limits and possibilities of the usage of these sources for the study of inequality in the late medieval context. Part two explains the foundations of our methodology, which relies on the calculation of Gini coefficients and deciles-based wealth distribution, as applied to these sources. Finally, part three shows provisional evidence from the viewpoint of inequality between occupational groups, rural and urban populations and, in the end, men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The predominant theoretical viewpoint about the problem of income redistribution in capitalist democracies continues to postulate that the pressure towards redistribution is greatest in democracies with more inequality. However, this assumption does not seem to be corroborated empirically; perhaps this is because sometimes inequality only increases between the lower reaches of the distribution of income. In these cases, inequality increases the dispersion of earnings among the stakeholders of redistribution, and this increases their collective action problems. This paper proposes a new theoretical principle for the analysis of the relationship between inequality and redistribution, and develops an indicator consistent to this principle. A preliminary empirical exploration is carried out to illustrate how the proposed indicator is significantly associated with the levels of income redistribution in 19 OECD countries between 1974 and 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The international trade has been, over the centuries, linked to human activity, under the necessity of obtaining satisfiers. The evolution that has taken trade through history presents issues of great importance to understand its current configuration. This paper attempts to answer the question of what has been the effect of trade liberalization on inequality in Colombia? Thus we find that the effect is negative for income distribution or commercial revenues. The correlations indicate that levels of inequality and economic openness are of order: positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papeles de Población is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Sociología is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Even though a series of perceived inequality indicators have been used in survey research, to date there is no research comparing these indicators. Using data from the 2009 Chilean ISSP national representative survey (N = 1,505), this research compared 3 measures of inequality perception and analyzed the influence of status, political position and evaluation of wage justice on perceptual variables, through correlation and regression methods. Results showed that the perceptual indicators are weakly associated with each other and, therefore, they can be regarded as covering different aspects of inequality perception. Furthermore, socioeconomic status had a direct influence on inequality perception, whereas those that evaluate their salary as fair tend to perceive less inequality. The consequences and projections of the study are addressed in the final discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CULCyT: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica is the property of Cultura Cientifica y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The situation of women in Latin America is characterized by constant discrimination. This article intends to carry out a study on the main indicators and reports that gauge the situation of women in the Latin American sub-continent to give an overall view of the advances and regressions over the last fifteen years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Centroamericanos is the property of Universidad Centroamericana Jose Simeon Canas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)