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A new study published in the journal Nature challenges current models of disk galaxy formation in the early Universe. The study reveals the discovery of the galaxy ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy observed when the universe was only 2.1 billion years old. Additionally, the first extrasolar radiation belt has been discovered in the brown dwarf LSR J1835+3259, which is ten times larger than Jupiter's radiation belt and millions of times more powerful. The first article deals with the origin of energetic particles in the radiation belt of LSR J1835+3259 and suggests that a possible exoplanet could be the source of plasma for this radiation belt. The second article describes the discovery of one-dimensional moiré patterns in bilayer graphene when subjected to tension, and researchers have found an analytical solution to quantify the deformation necessary to generate these patterns. The third article presents the discovery of fulertubes, a new allotrope structure of carbon formed by carbon nanotubes with semispherical hemifullerene ends. [Extracted from the article]

A study published in the Spanish Journal of Physics reveals new findings about brown dwarfs. An ammonia isotopologue was detected in an ultra-cool brown dwarf, allowing for a deeper understanding of its atmosphere structure and formation process. Additionally, a barred spiral galaxy, ceers-2112, was discovered, challenging current models of disk galaxy formation in the early universe. The first extrasolar radiation belt in a brown dwarf was also found, demonstrating its universality in other bodies beyond the Solar System. The study reveals that LSR J1835+ 3259, located 18 light-years away, is a transitional object between a star and a planet, with an estimated mass of 55 times that of Jupiter. [Extracted from the article]