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The cultural significance of an organism is determined by its value to a group of individuals. In the case of fungi, it has been evaluated using precise indicators that allow comparing ethnomycological knowledge between communities. In Colombia, ethnomycological knowledge is sheltered by peasant and indigenous communities and it is estimated that 70 species are consumed. In this work, the cultural importance of wild edible mushrooms (EMCSI) in four municipalities of Boyacá (San Mateo, Miraflores, Togüí and Pauna) was estimated. Mushrooms are used for food and rarely for medicine; of a total of 20 reported species, the local use of 12 species is evidenced. The fungi with the highest EMCSI were Crepidotus palmarum, Auricularia fuscosuccinea, Ramaria spp., Agaricus aff. trinitatensis and Pleurotus sp. 1. The cultural variables that describe traditional knowledge include eight of those considered in the EMCSI, except for the economic index. This work builds a relationship of knowledge in a dynamic way; Community participation involves an exchange of knowledge that should be reflected in the conservation of forests, the appropriation of this provisioning ecosystem service, and the strengthening of interest in traditional knowledge among young people and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Under stressful environments, plants associate with microbiota to adequately fulfill multiple functions. The plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association is one very important by which plants satisfy part of their water and nutritional needs. The knowledge of native AMF is a key factor in the development and application of this biotechnology in crops of socioeconomic importance, such as maize. The objective was to know the diversity of AMF and the extent of mycorrhizal colonization in maize plots in four regions with drought incidence. A significant association is expected between soil properties and spore abundance, species richness, and mycorrhizal colonization. Random sampling was carried out in four regions of the state of Oaxaca (Istmo, Sierra Norte, Mixteca and Valles Centrales) and the relationship of soil physicochemical properties with species richness, spore abundance, and percentage of colonization was analyzed using the redundancy technique. A total of 24 AMF species were recorded, of which Funneliformis geosporum and Rhizophagus intraradices are present in the four regions studied. The association of AMF with roots of maize plants was greater than 60%. The highest spore abundance was recorded in the Sierra Norte region. No significant differences in species richness were observed among regions or by season; however, the Valles Centrales region had the highest diversity index. Concentrations of moisture, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus in the soil were correlated (p£ 0.05) with mycorrhizal diversity in the study regions. These findings indicate that the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in the study plots is high, as well as the levels of mycorrhizal colonization (>60%). In addition, five new genera are reported for Oaxaca. This highlights the need to continue the evaluation of mycorrhizal diversity in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1994, Argentina has ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), by law 24.375, reflecting the public concern about biological diversity and the necessity to implement appropriate actions to promote its conservation. In order to study the scientific production in relation to fungal diversity in a pre and post-CBD context, a bibliometric study was carried out, evaluating the national scientific production in fungal diversity between 1978-1994 and 2000-2016 periods. The study was performed analyzing publications in national and international journals selected as indicators of the contributions to Argentine fungal diversity and elaborating collaboration networks with obtained data. The study included publications with at least one Argentine author and researches carried out in Argentina with or without collaborations with foreign institutions. Only those publications with contributions to Argentine fungal diversity were included. A total of 314 articles were incorporated to the analyses. Our results indicate an exponential trend in the production of knowledge in native fungal diversity and showed important collaboration networks between institutes at the national and international level. The data suggest a trend towards the decentralization of human resources and towards regional capacity building. The ratification of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol in Argentina has promoted changes in regulatory frameworks, but their impact on the scientific and technological field is not clear. The changes at the national level, such as the creation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Nation, seem to have promoted knowledge of the fungal diversity in Argentina and therefore for its conservation, compared to those resulting from multilateral agreements at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twenty three new records are reported for the Jalisco mycobiota, mainly pertaining to Agaricales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales. Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Amanita jacksonii, Hydnellum ferrugineum, Hymenochaete damicornis, Pluteus salicinus, Ramaria araiospora var. araiospora and Suillus tomentosus var. discolor are described, and information is provided on their economic importance and ecologic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies concerning the aquatic hyphomycetes are rare in Colombia and non-existent in the Andean region Amazon, which is characterized as a transition between the Andes and the Amazon plain, with abundant river ecosystems, as in the case of the Hacha River, the main body of water for the city of Florencia (Caquetá) since its waters have multiple uses, mainly as: catchment, recreation, fishing and a less noble use as the depositary of the sewage from the city. Taking into account the proposed the research internship "Fungal composition and its relationship with the levels of organic contamination in aquatic ecosystems Amazon, case study Hacha River (Florencia-Caquetá)", which to date has found the first record of six species (Pestalotia De Not, Triscelophorus monosporus, Campylospora chaetocladia, Campylospora filicladia Nawawi, Mycofalcella calcarata and Flabellospora acuminata). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cordyceps sensu lato (s.l.) es un hongo entomopatógeno con más de 400 especies que se encuentra distribuido en tres familias de Ascomicetes: Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae y Ophiocordycipitaceae. Este género se caracteriza por ser un endoparásito de al menos 12 órdenes de la Clase Insecta y dos de la Clase Arácnida. Esta interacción con los artrópodos tiene como consecuencia que su distribución siga los patrones de los hospederos que son acotados dentro de un ecosistema. Por eso Cordyceps s.l. se convierte en un buen modelo para la aplicación de metodologías ecológicas basadas en el individuo como lo son los índices de diversidad y riqueza. El hábitat de Cordyceps es el cuerpo de un artrópodo que sólo esta colonizado por una especie y para lograr esto el hongo penetra, invade y mata un artrópodo inicialmente sano, mientras que el hábitat de un Basidiomicete puede ser compartido en el suelo, en la hojarasca o en un tronco podrido por varias especies y no saber dónde inicia el micelio de uno y acaba el del otro. El éxito de la infección de los Cordyceps depende de su capacidad para desarrollarse en un artrópodo determinado y la probabilidad de encontrarse con dicho artrópodo, y mientras la primera característica depende de la genética en sí mismo del parásito la segunda depende de la distribución ecológica del hospedero. Siendo los artrópodos muy dependientes del grado de intervención de un bosque ya sea natural o antropogénico, así mismo Cordyceps tiene esa misma dependencia. Cualquier intervención del tipo que sea incide directamente en las tres variables ambientales claves para el desarrollo del hongo: temperatura, humedad e intensidad lumínica. Por eso mientras en las selvas tropicales lluviosas se ha reportado que entre más conservado esté el bosque, mayor puede ser la riqueza de especies de Cordyceps [1, 2], también puede ocurrir que, con las perturbaciones naturales cíclicas, como las inundaciones, puedan hallarse una mayor abundancia de especies [3]. Esta presentación pretende mostrar que los hongos entomopatógeno del género Cordyceps tienen un patrón espacial preciso en los bosques tropicales. Para ello se estimaron los índices de diversidad de estos hongos en bosque con diferentes grados de perturbación como lo son el bosque de tierra firme maduro, bosque de inundación o varzea, bosque de borde y bosque secundario de Colombia y Bolivia. Se analiza el perfil vegetal, la temperatura, humedad e iluminación, la pendiente y el espesor de la capa de hojarasca. También se describen los sustratos específicos para cada especie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]