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The experiment was carried out at the “El Jobo” farm in the municipality of Camajuaní, in the province of Villa Clara, with the objective of determining the energy efficiency of a common bean cultivar. To fulfill this objective, the energy equivalents of the inputs and outputs of the system were used. Direct (fuel) and indirect (pesticides, seeds, human and animal labor) energy sources were taken into account. The results showed that the cultivar ‘CUL-156’ was very energy efficient with a value of 4.64. The greatest amounts of energy consumed were contributed by chemical synthesis products (diesel and herbicides). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the vulnerability and management of distributed energy resources for the qualification of a power system’s resilience against a deliberate attack. The system operator must minimize the impact of the attack by dispatching centralized generation and by using distributed energy resources (DER). Initially, the vulnerability analysis problem is approached by means of a genetic algorithm (GA), in which a disruptive agent aims at maximizing the damage to the system by attacking a set of lines and generators. DER management is assessed by using distributed generation (DG) and demand response (DR) as key elements to mitigate post-attack effects. The tests performed on the IEEE-RTS 24 bus test system show that the best resilience indicator is obtained with the joint operation of DG and DR. It is concluded that it is possible to increase resilience by strategically using the DER left available to the network’s operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEA is the property of Revista CEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. This article develops a method to estimate electricity costs per production units in an industry, based on ISO 50002 and ISA 5.1 and ISA 88.1 standards. Objective. Finding indicators to relate energy consumption with production levels. Materials and methods. The method consists of eight steps: definition of objectives, collection of historical data, definition of areas of interest, performance of the census of load, execution of measurement, fieldwork, calculations and results and analysis. It was applied in a liquor industry in Popayán Colombia, where the electricity cost per product was estimated assigning 80% of the total consumed to the production area. Results. With the application of the method the amount of energy needed to produce a brandy unit in different presentations was found; in the production area, energy consumption is fluctuating every month, but its average is 22% of the total invoiced during the period studied. Conclusions. The theoretical energy estimation has an error of 2.4% compared to the measuring equipment, so the method developed is appropriate for practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international community is getting more and more involved in the energy management not only due to the depletion of energy resources, but also due to pollution. There are various solutions to these problems, with political economy being one of them. This is why this work was aimed at showing that political economy plays a leading role in appraising the energy management. The results showed that political economy serves cognitive, methodological, ideological, and practical purposes which have different, but closely related concepts. It was demonstrated that possible solutions suggested by governments could have social cost. However, the Cuban government's solution is to guarantee that the whole Cuban population has permanent access to the energy they need, and at the same time to limit the effects that energy consumption has on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energies which are present in resources or natural phenomena in the Ecuadorian Amazon region are a fundamental base of sustainable development of the region and the country. By the study of renewable energy technologies, the conception of power stations for private homes, villages, and societies. This serves to increase the own energy production around Puyo and in remote villages which are far from the electricity grid or transport ways. The Amazon features a high precipitation which is a lot of energy potential because of the height of the mountain range and the high number of rivers. This is the reason why dams or catchments are proposed to generate electricity with hydraulic turbines in hydroelectric facilities. For residential electricity in an example village of 1000 persons, a river with a flow of 30 m3/s and a dam with a fall of 6 meters. Also the scale of an installation of photovoltaic panels for private houses or villages is calculated including the solar irradiation and the regional climate in the Amazon in order to produce electricity. A family with a suggested energy demand of 3000 kWh/year can be autarkic with 7 installed panels of 320 Watt, and in villages an amount of circa 1.1 panels per habitant is enough to sum it up to a total number for the whole population. Additionally, biodigesters of a low price can be operated with organic biodegradable waste of agriculture, residences or cattle farming. In a list of species it is proven that every kind of animal, even little ones like guinea pigs or birds, are valuable and useful to generate a considerable volume of biogas (with methane) to cook or transform into electricity. Conclusively, the Amazon could bring out its own energy to be more independent from fossil resources or the electric grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Visión Electrónica is the property of Fondo de Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work aims to argue from the factors; Political, economic and cultural importance of promoting the efficient use of energy resources in the organization, in order to promote the development of a culture in favor of the efficient use of these resources. Also it is evidence that these factors are interrelated and the existence of contradictions for the management of the efficient use of energy resources in organizations. Taking into account all of the above, it is proposed, as a way to solve the contradictions identified, the design of a model that allows efficient management of the use of energy resources in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the anthropic activities, both mining and energy development are uppermost in terms of spatial impact and their capacity for landscape transformation. While geographers took an early interest over energy resources, it was not until the turn of the new century that they approached the landscape dimension of energy. The present paper engages in a literature review in order to assess the current state of geographical studies on the issue of energy. Our results point at both the main past approaches to the study of the so-called “geography of energy" and the current lines of research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lámpsakos is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo, Facultad de Ingenierias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the current situation in Libya from a perspective that takes as its reference the importance of energy resources as a recurrent element in the political instability and configuration of the Libyan state in its recent history. For this it deals, first of all, with the debate on the importance of economic factors in explaining the roots of the conflict. Secondly, it analyses the current disposition of the various centres of power in relation to the control of the country's sources of wealth; and, to conclude, it reveals the challenge the fight to control hydrocarbons poses to the achievement of a political process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work deals with the results obtained in the adaptation to the European Space for Higher Education of an Energy Resources course. This adaptation has been developed progressively in three consecutive academic years. In the first one, the teachers received suitable teaching training and they tried to increase the student motivation, due to the very low ratio of student attending the final evaluation exam respect to the number of students enrolled on the course. The second year was focused on the elaboration of teaching guides and the evaluation of the true student working time. Finally, in the third year, the course was methodologically redesigned and structured in several levels: use of specialized bibliographic material, audiovisual material, small scale prototypes, practical laboratory courses and visits to industrial facilities. The evaluation method was changed to a diversified system based on the different proposed activities and the abilities to be developed. As a result of this progressive adaptation process, a high level of motivation and success rate (89%) were reached. Nevertheless, the application of those new methodologies was found to be restricted to a not very high number of students per group to carry out most of the activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference between science and pseudoscience is briefly revised and is applied to analyze the bioenergy concept. While for science it refers to the energy obtained from fuels derived from renewable plants or waste fat residuals, in pseudoscience bioenergy is "something" which is assumed to be real, but that nobody really knows what it is. Sometimes some psychological interpretation is associated; others, it is considered linked only to life and living beings in a way that, when the plant or person dies, the so-called "bioenergy" disappears. However, those who support their existence affirm they can control it to cure or "heal" persons and animals. It is not an energy form that science could recognize because, even trying harder, it is not possible to find a concrete definition or a clear description about how to measure that "something". Finally, a brief revision is presented about how true bioenergy is measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]