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Drawing on a mixed-methods cross-cultural study undertaken in five locations in Argentina, Denmark, Hong Kong, England and the United States in 2018, this paper explores how children (aged five and seven) conceive of playfulness. Following a card-sorting task, 387 children selected familiar activities that they felt were most representative of play and not-play and explained their reasons. The children's justifications were fully transcribed, and five corpora were created (one per site). Lexicometry was applied, generating sets of the characteristic responses per age in each site. In-depth qualitative interpretation of these modal responses revealed nine dimensions across play and not-play: pleasure, social context, materials, movement, agency, risk, goal, time and focus. Commonalities revealed that children's ideas around play are not aligned with specific activities but with the sense of agency in a secure physical and social context when carrying out an activity experienced as an end in itself. Implications for playful pedagogies highlight the need to open up play with opportunities for children's choice and initiative, confident exploration and immersion in the activities in which they participate. [Spanish translation by Mercè Rius.]

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The article analyzes unfinished documents contained in a donation made to the Houghton library at Harvard University by children of the author Pedro Salinas, to better understand his narrative writing process. The donation also included a large collection of personal artifacts belonging to Salinas such as letters, photographs, and eyeglasses, which enabled an in-depth study into the details of his life. In addition to describing and analyzing the content of the unfinished works, the article also includes a list of the items that were contained in the donation.

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