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The article explores the intersection of scientific and practical knowledge in Valencian agriculture during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It examines how scientific innovations, such as new fertilizers and agricultural techniques, were integrated with traditional farming practices. It emphasizes that while scientific advancements played a role, the persistence of local knowledge and practices significantly shaped agricultural development in the region in Spain.

Cool season annual forage grasses biomass production and derived meat production can be affected if they are not fertilized. Based on biomass production from different levels of nitrogen fertilization it is proposed to carry out an economic analysis from different methodological approaches, linked to each other. First, the effect on implantation cost and on the unit cost (CU) of dry matter was assessed. The economic gain was calculated for additional meat production, and finally a threshold was established of an input-output relationship (RIP) indicator looking for the feasibility of fertilizing with economic criteria. Production data from a trial carried out at Anguil, La Pampa, including 9 cultivars of 4 species and with 3 levels of fertilization were used for economic analysis carried out based on the evolution of prices within three periods of a 10-years long series. Relative prices and implantation costs of each period influence the CU of the forage production. The economic viability of fertilization is reached when the initial productivity is lower and the response to fertilizer is higher. The agronomic efficiency is higher than the RIP for 70 to 80 % of the treatments, so it is feasible to fertilize with economic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agromenas are obtained from organo-mineral products with controlled release nutritional properties, they are applicable to various crops in different production systems, and, in addition, they are harmonic products with the environment and compatible with herbicides and fungicides, constituting alternatives for the substitution of imports of mineral fertilizers (complete soluble formulas of high costs). The objective of this work was to determine the effectiveness of Agromenas fertilizer on yield and its components on tomato crop. For this, an experiment was conducted where three treatments were evaluated under a completely randomized design, using the dose of 1.0 t ha-1 of the fertilizer. It was shown that Agromenas increase the crop yield by 26 % with respect to the control treatment; likewise, the yield components are increased, which shows the efficiency of the organo-mineral fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El cultivo de amaranto ha ido tomando auge en los últimos años. Dada la importancia de sus aportaciones nutritivas, productores del municipio de Cuapiaxtla, Tlaxcala producen año con año esta planta en sus tierras, desde hace algunos años atrás. El objetivo es conocer la rentabilidad del cultivo de amaranto por medio de la generación de tres medidas de ganancia, a través de los costos de producción de las actividades que demanda el cultivo de amaranto, utilizando un estudio de caso. Se realiza una estructura de costos (costos variables y fijos); así como el Valor Total del Producto, para productores que optan por el alquiler de maquinaria, en dos casos: cuando aplican fertilizantes químicos y cuando no los aplican, durante el ciclo de producción del cultivo de amaranto; tomando referencia una hectárea de tierra. Los resultados indicaron que las actividades realizadas durante la producción del cultivo de amaranto en temporal, por cada hectárea de tierra cultivada generan un Ingreso Neto al Productor de $13,282 pesos mexicanos (MXN $) con un rendimiento de 1.5 toneladas, utilizando fertilizantes químicos, y un Ingreso Neto al Productor de $4,750 pesos con un rendimiento aproximado de 1 tonelada, sin utilizar fertilizantes químicos. Se concluye que el cultivo de amaranto es rentable, con la clasificación de costos variables y fijos se observan las actividades que requieren mayor aportación económica. Las tres medidas de ganancia ayudan al productor a tomar una decisión de acuerdo con sus ingresos y a tener un cálculo aproximado de su ganancia efectiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The active management of pastures affects animal productivity and soil biogeochemical processes of the soil, nutrient cycling, where pastures management is a relevant factor to maintain these biogeochemical processes, productivity, and the flow of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Greenhouse (GHG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the GHG emissions from three types of fertilizers (conventional, urea and biofertilizer) used for the maintenance of pastures in dairy production in the humid tropics of Costa Rica, in order to identify measures of mitigation that contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector and that contribute to the NDC of the country. The experimental design corresponds to a completely randomized block design, where with three repetitions per treatment (Control, Biofertilizer, Urea and Conventional Fertilizer), the total of samples corresponds to 497 samples, during a period of 81 days. Measurement of the amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The analysis of the Carbon and Nitrogen content was performed at a depth of -10 cm to take the soil sample and analyze it by means of an instrumental method of dry oxidation. The mean values of these measurements were as follows: 0,104 mgN2O-N/ m²/day and 0,037 mgCH4-C/m²/day. GHG emissions during monitoring were influenced by processes of methanogenesis, denitrification, nitrification and respiration. The biofertilizer (biol) presented the lowest GHG emissions given considering the concentrations of Carbon and Nitrogen in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of national raw materials to enrich the new formulations of fertilizers contributes to diminish the employment of expensive chemical products. The Engineering and Chemical Research Center (CIIQ) has assumed the task of developing fertilizers using minerals, microorganisms, raw matters of national origin. The objective of this work is to show the results of the agronomicevaluation of eleven treatments, including the nine formulations given by the CIIQ, a witness without fertilizer application and a witness with a NPK formula. The work was carried out in an experimental organoponic located in the municipality Arroyo Naranjo. Each formulation was applied in little plots of 2.0 x 0.90 m, in which lettuce (variety Black seeded Simpson) was planted. The behavior was evaluated from the sowing until the crop, being determined indicators of growth (height of the plant, number of leaves, and diameter of the shaft) and the yield. In the studied indicators was observed that there are not significant differences in the treatments (1 at the 9) with relationship to the NPK (10) treatment. In the treatments 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are an increment of the yield with relationship to the NPK treatment, more remarkable in the 1 and the 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of phosphoric acid as a source of numerous phosphate products represents one pf the issues of greatest economic interest for Cuba today. The industry of this product derives a series of phosphates that can be used in the production of fertilizers, which, in our country, is very scarce and has a high demand. In addition, there are natural reserves of phosphorite rock that can be used to produce phosphoric acid, develop the fertilizer industry and in turn boost agriculture and the national economy. The objective of this work is to propose the preliminary design of a chemical plant to obtain phosphoric acid from Cuban phosphorite. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out that provided very useful data for the process and from it the production scheme was established with fundamental stages of chemical reaction, filtration and evaporation. The corresponding material balances were made and the necessary equipment was determined, which includes reactors, press filters and an evaporator. Finally, the economic evaluation was carried out through the determination of profitability indicators, which revealed a net present value of $10 205 137,34, an internal rate of return of 65% and an investment recovery period of approximately 1,8 years, which demonstrates that the process of obtaining phosphoric acid from phosphorite is economically viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem approach involves the understanding of the relationships among structures, processes and ecosystem services. Therefore, the article designs and applies a procedure to assess spatial-temporal variability, which may be present, in a support process to ecosystem services. Specific sites of assimilable phosphorus are used in a soil under sugarcane cultivation, to quantify a cost for excess phosphoric fertilizer. Differences in economic values between categories of this element in the soil are provided. This emphasizes the management and adaptation to the spatial-temporal variability of the nutrient availability process, for the sustainability of the sugar agribusiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to estimate the demands for labor, development bank credit, nitrogen fertilizers, tractors and phosphate-potassium fertilizers of primary activities of Mexico during 1970-2019, using the function cost translog. All five inputs were inelastic. Labor, fertilizers and tractors increase the primary production in Mexico. Labor was complementary with nitrogen fertilizers, and development bank credit showed a relation of substitution with all inputs. By 2022, increases greater than 1.10%, 0.14% and 0.08% of labor, tractors and nitrogen fertilizers respectively are required to guarantee growth of primary activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive. Determine the most appropriate substrate from mulberry biochar fertilizers for the germination and initial development of Crotalaria juncea L. Materials and methods. Six combinations were compared that were composed of: Treatment 1: 100% red ferralitic soil, Treatment 2: 50% soil and 50% biochar, Treatment 3: 50% soil and 50% compost, Treatment 4: 50% soil and 50% humus. worm, Treatment 5: 50% soil, 25% biochar, and 25% compost, and Treatment 6: 50% soil, 25% biochar, and 25% worm humus. Previously, biochar evaluations were carried out comparing its way of elaboration, and its origin of enrichment. Variables to measure: emergence (%), stem length (mm), stem thickness (mm), main root length (mm), leaves (number), and secondary roots (number). Results. The best results at 15 days were obtained with the substrate composed of 50% soil, 25% biochar, and 25% earthworm humus (treatment 6) with values of stem length (95.70 mm), stem diameter (1.10 mm), number of leaves (5.13), length of the main root (45.50 mm) and number of secondary roots (13.74) that give rise to a good development of the plant, favoring the best consistency of the root ball. Conclusions. It can be seen that the combined substrate of biochar, earthworm humus, and soil presents the potential for the development and germination of crotalaria in root ball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Determine the effect of bokashi fertilization on the growth and yield of ball tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) in Yucatan. Materials and methods. The number of leaves/plant (HP), the plant height (AP, cm), the fresh weight of the plant (PFP, g), the dry weight of the plant (PSP, g), the production of fruit/plant (PF, g), fruit/plant yield (RFP) and yield/ha (RFH, t/ha) at 50 and 70 days after transplanting. The statistical model included the fixed effects of 100% chemical fertilization (FQ100), 100% bokashi fertilization (FB100), and the combination of chemical and bokashi fertilization (FQB50). Results. The effects were significant for most of the variables evaluated (P=0.05). FQ100 exceeded FB100 values in HP, AP, and PFP, but were similar in PSP. FQ100 also outperformed FQB50 in PFP and PSP, although they were similar in HP and AP. FQ100 and FQB50 achieved similar values in PF and RFH, surpassing FB100. Conclusions. FQ100 achieved better fruit yields for ball tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) compared to FB100, but similar effects can be achieved if both products are combined (FQB50). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Royal Decree 1051/2022 establishes rules for sustainable nutrition in agricultural soils, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of fertilizers and other sources of nutrients. Goals are set to reduce nutrient losses and fertilizer use, and environmentally friendly agricultural practices are promoted. The decree includes the creation of a fertilizer section in the exploitation notebook, minimum requirements for a fertilization plan, and good agricultural practices. A registry of manufacturers and economic agents of fertilizer products is also created. The decree applies to all agricultural and forestry activities that contribute nutrients to the soil, and aims to promote soil conservation and biodiversity. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sources of phosphorus and its interaction with nitrogen, on the yield, quality, and nutrient extraction of the wheat crop. The field experiment was carried out on an entic Haplustol, in which 8 fertilization treatments (T) were established. T 1 corresponds to the control (without adding P), in T 2, 3, 4, and 5, 18,3 kg.ha-1 of P was applied. T 6, 7, and 8 correspond to fertilizer additions at recommended rates of 30 kg.ha-1 which implies the application of 5,25 kg of P.ha-1. Two nitrogen management procedures were established in divided plots: with and without fertilization. In all the treatments with phosphorus, the addition of N presented statistically significant differences in yield. The WUE was higher in those treatments whose fertilizers have a balanced formulation of nutrients. No significant differences in protein concentration were found. T 2, 3, 4, and 5 presented a positive balance between the P applied with fertilizer and extracted in the grain, T 6, 7, and 8 had a negative balance, while T 1 (control) was the worst situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the socio-cultural dynamics present in the village of Puerto Claver, municipality of El Bagre, Antioquia, as a result of the mining economic context. The phenomenological approach allowed an approach to the social realities from the daily life of the people, their life experiences and stories. One result is that the practice of gold mining, rooted in the township as the main economic alternative, generates uprooting compared to other forms of survival, such as harvesting and planting food and medicinal plants, fishing and beekeeping. As economic and productive practices are transformed, as well as the relationship with the environment, social relations, pre-existing socio-cultural dynamics and the social and community fabric also change. In this context, women's associations have a significant role to play in re-signifying and energizing alternative economic processes to mining practices, through which they can transform social and community relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present a reflection on the role played by indigenous women and the cultural aspects of community food security, specifically, from the experiences of the Kamëntšá mamitas. Methodology: The methodology used to develop the research from which this article is derived is ethnographic. Participant observation was carried out for three months living with eight Kamëntšá mamitas in their ancestral territory, the Sibundoy Valley in Putumayo, Colombia. Other research techniques were also employed, such as ethnographic interviewing, recording of formal and informal conversations, and secondary source review. Results: The relationship between the activities, practices, and knowledge of some Kamëntšá women with the land was identified, specifically, with the care and cultivation of the chagras or jajañ. Based on this relationship, it became clear that to achieve food security, it is necessary to consider the symbolic aspects that these women attribute to food plants such as maize, the classification they make of food, the search to maintain good health and, therefore, the importance of their role in food policies. Conclusions: To achieve food security, it is necessary to recognize community dynamics in relation to land, traditional subsistence production systems, culturally attributed meanings of food and the role of women. This, understanding that it is not only developed in the search for the reproduction of the group, but also the productive, public, and health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents preliminary results on the morphological and vascular changes in the dominant follicle during the ovulatory process in llamas. The role of South American Camelids (CSA) in the pharmaceutical industry is highlighted due to the nanoantibodies they produce. Induced ovulation in CSA and the use of color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate follicular blood flow are mentioned. The study also mentions advances in the research of the ovulatory process in llamas, where an increase in follicular growth and changes in blood flow before ovulation were observed. The objective of the study is to establish the structural and vascular modifications in the dominant follicle to predict the success of other reproductive biotechnologies in this species. Additionally, other studies related to reproduction in animals, including South American camelids and llamas, are mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pink zaragoza bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a very important species in the dry Caribbean region of Colombia, mainly in the departments of Cesar and La Guajira, because it is a fundamental part of the diet of its inhabitants. In recent years, exploratory studies have been carried out to characterize the production system and the generation of new materials. However, there is no evidence of research on the technical efficiency of this production system. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze its technical efficiency, based on information obtained from a structured survey applied to 32 farmers with experience in the crop, selected by simple random sampling. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were calculated. For the technical efficiency analysis, a Cobb-Douglas type econometric model was designed. Aspects such as the rationality of the producer when allocating resources were identified, a technical inefficiency corresponding to 0.67 was estimated, which shows that there is underutilization of resources such as seed and fertilizer, which are applied without prior soil analysis and without taking into account the requirements of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate application effect of doses of controlled release fertilizers on the efficiency of the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by coffee seedlings variety Isla 6-14 produced in tubes, the experiment was developed in the nursery of the Institute for Agro-Forestry Research UCTB Tercer Frente, from November 2018 to May 2019. In a completely randomized design, seven doses of the controlled release fertilizer Multicote (0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6 g tube-1) were studied. The fertilizer was applied at the time of preparing the Brown soil substrate-bovine manure in a 1:1 ratio. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the efficiency of use of these macronutrients and their relationship with the seedling's quality index were evaluated. The data were subjected to a simple classification analysis of variance and Duncan's test was applied at 5 % probability to compare the means. The nutrient utilization efficiency was higher for phosphorus followed by nitrogen and finally potassium, regardless of the applied fertilizer dose. When applying the dose of 2 g tube-1 of the fertilizer, the highest efficiency values were found. The seedling's quality index increased with the efficiency of nutrient utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Urban horticultural fairs are important places for the food sovereignty (FS) of a city. The richness of ethnospecies and commercialized local foods reflect its dynamism. The utilitarian versatility (UV) represented by the different culinary preparations constitutes an important aspect of the FS. The richness of ethnospecies, local foods and plant parts traded at the Bariloche Farmers' Fair was surveyed and characterized. The predictions propose that the greatest richness of ethnospecies are of exotic origin, and that the greater the UV (in local foods), the greater the cultural importance of the ethnospecies. M&M: A checklist-type ethnobotanical monitoring of all ethnospecies and local foods traded in the 2019 season was carried out. It was complemented with a photographic record and free listings. The UV of each crop was estimated, and the relationship between the use consensus (UC) and the UV of the ethnospecies offered by GLM was analyzed. Results: A total of 186 ethnospecies and 315 local foods were recorded. The most agreed ethnospecies were Petroselinum crispum (65%), Beta vulgaris var. cicla (55%), Rubus idaeus (50%) and the exotic fungus Suillus spp. We found that the ethnospecies with higher UC have higher UV. Conclusions: The alternatives for food use offered by ethnospecies is a key element for farmers as sales reinsurance, but mainly as an element that gives visibility to local plants through homemade preparations. Local foods are biocultural legacies that reflect traditions, but also innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Negative & No Positive Results is the property of Research & Science S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implantation of pastures can be favored by strategies that combine conventional methods of cultivation with the inoculation of microorganisms that promote plant growth, such as the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense, which are capable of improving the nutritional status of plants through several mechanisms, including the phosphate solubilization and biological nitrogen fixation, thereby reducing the need to apply chemical fertilizers. The purpose was to evaluate forage production and macronutrient contents in the leaves of Tamani grass, fertilized with natural phosphate and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, organized in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of the presence and absence of rhizobacteria; two sources of phosphorus (triple superphosphate and natural phosphate); and five nitrogen rates (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 kg ha-1), used as parameters to estimate biologically fixed nitrogen. The concentration of nutrients was determined in samples of cuts, performed at 56, 84 and 112 days after emergence. The effects of nitrogen fertilization were evaluated by regression analysis, with results demonstrating that the levels of N, Mg and S increase and those of P decrease linearly as a function of the applied rates. Inoculation improves the nutritional status of plants, increasing the foliar contents of N, P, K, resulting in higher production of dry biomass, in addition to reducing the need for nitrogen application by up to 40 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The countries of North America are facing water sanitation difficulties, which have affected rural communities and indigenous populations the most. The different uses of water sources complicate things more, since the use of contaminated water considerably affects the access and availability of sufficient, acceptable, affordable water. In this scenario, the research project identified the use and risk of contamination of springs in San Simón Almolongas, Oaxaca, Mexico. The main results indicate that the water is predominantly used for human consumption and agriculture, and that potential factors of contamination exist, such as the use of fertilizers and housing without proper drainage. This makes it necessary to strengthen management systems and institutions to properly handle the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A suitable combination of organic sources of nutrients can allow an adequate growth, yield of the strawberry crop, and decrease the use of chemical fertilizers to the benefit of the environment and consumers. Likewise, silicon can help plants to withstand adverse environmental, biological, and edaphic conditions, increasing and improving production quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sources of organic fertilization: one of animal origin (fish); one of vegetable origin (corn), and one of animal and vegetable origin (fish - corn) plus a chemical treatment such as control (Steiner), with three silicon concentrations of 0, 15 and 20 ppm. Growth parameters, physiological parameters, as well as nutraceutical performance and quality were evaluated in strawberry fruits of the Camino Real cultivar, under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (4 x 3). The results of vegetative growth and physiological parameters of the treatments with organic fertilization showed statistically equal values to the control treatment, likewise for the yield and nutraceutical quality. The addition of silicon to the doses studied did not cause effects on any of the variables studied. The results suggest that it is totally feasible to replace chemical fertilization with organic, obtaining identical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the effects of foliar spray of fertilizers and seaweed extract. Materials and methods. Four treatments were evaluated: fertilizers (FF); seaweed extract (SE); fertilizers + seaweed extract (FF+SE); and control-C, for their effect on the yield and quality of cucumber cv. Modan grown under greenhouse conditions in Costa Rica. Evaluated variables were: number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (g), yield (t/ha), percentage of total soluble solids (°Brix), chlorophyll content (atLEAF), leaf area (cm2), leaf dry weight (g), specific leaf weight (mg/cm2), plant height (cm), and stem diameter (mm). Results. Treatment SE produced a significantly higher number of commercial and total bruits per plant compared to all other treatments, cis well as significantly higher first quality, commercial and total yields when compared to treatments FF and C, but not with regards to FF+SE. No statistically significant differences between treatments were observed for fruit weight, chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf specific weight. Conclusion. The use of the seaweed extract (SE) produced the highest total and commercial yield, due to the increase in the number of first quality fruits, and the application of foliar fertilizers (FF) under the same conditions did not improve neither the yield of cucumbers nor their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, sugarcane ash is produced in enormous quantities as a residue of the sugar industry. On the other hand, the lack of sufficient research limits its use as a fertilizer. In order to determine the effect of sugarcane residue ash, alone and together with mycorrhiza, on the plant compared to NPK chemical fertilizers, a field study and a pot experiment were carried out with two different Cuban soils: Brown fluffy carbonated and Ferrallitic red agrogenic ( Mollic eutrudept and Rhodic eutrustox) and corn as an indicator plant. Soil phosphorus and potassium concentrations were suboptimal/insufficient. The ash content was 1.03 % P2O5 and 2.54 % K2O. The mycorrhizal strains ( Rhizoglomus irregulare and Glomus cubense) were applied with the commercial product EcoMic®. The results showed that sugarcane ash can be an adequate substitute for chemical fertilizers, due to its promoting effect on plant growth in both soils. Also, it was remarkable that only 5 t ha-1 of ash, if accompanied by mycorrhizal substrate, produced almost similar effect as 10 t ha-1 of ash in Rhodic eutrustox soil. On the contrary, when mycorrhiza was applied with 10 t ha-1 of ash in the Mollic eutrudept soil, the mycorrhiza far from increasing the effectiveness of the applied ash, showed a clear tendency to decrease its effect, probably due to a high nutrient supply with respect to the mycorrhiza requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the addition of slow-release fertilizers and phytohormones on growth and total soluble solids content (sugars) of Agave angustifolia Haw plants. Methodological design: A completely randomized design with a 3×3 bifactorial arrangement was used. The evaluated factors were: 1) slow-release fertilizers (FLL): Osmocote plus® (OS) and Basacote plus® (BA) and, 2) phytohormones: Biozyme® (BI) and Agromil plus® (AG). Additionally, a control without fertilizer (SFR) or phytohormones was included. After twelve months plant height (AP), number of unfolded leaves (NH), stem diameter (DT), root length (RL), root volume (VR), root density (DR), sugar content (total soluble solids in the stem, SST), fresh weight of leaves (PFH), stem (PFT), and root (PFR) were measured. Results: With reference to the control plants, OS increased NH by 10.1 %, AP by 10.4 %, DT by 10.2 %, PFH by 28.4 % and PFT by 33.1 %. BA increased PFR by 42.1 %. The interaction OS+SFI increased NH by 24.5 %, AP by 13.5 %, DT by 23.4 %, PFT by 81.1 % and VR by 135.9 %. With OS+BI, AP increased 13.6 % and PFH 50.1 %. BA+SFI increased PFR by 105.6 %. Research limitations: The products evaluated do not include doses or application periods for agave. This is one of the first studies that provides information in this regard. Research on FLL and phytohormones in agave is scarce. Findings: The slow-release fertilizers promoted the growth of A. angustifolia but not the content of SST. Phytohormones did not promote the growth of agave plants or content of SST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the research conducted in Las Lágrimas lake (SW Santa Fe), regarding the fieldwork carried out in November 2018. Human skeletal remains were found in the SW of the lagoon beach. The bioarchaeological record contains a minimum number of four adult individuals. A late radiocarbon date was obtained from bone collagen of one of the eroded burials (1450 ± 50 años AP), within the pre-Hispanic occupations of the sector. The relative abundance of pottery and the vessels completeness, as well as the presence of groundstone tools, can be related to an intensive collection and storage of plant foods. The raw materials exploited for stone tool production are similar to other Central Pampean Dunefields sites, and presumably a similar source of supply was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the world population has generated a greater demand in food production. Therefore, agriculture has become one of its most representative sectors while providing balance to the economic system, given its contribution to world GDP through the generation of different agricultural products. However, the development of extensive production practices, which are aimed at improving productivity, has promoted the excessive use of chemical supplies, and caused environmental problems such as eutrophication of water sources, soil acidification, decrease in biodiversity or greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, providing food security without affecting environmental sustainability is our greatest challenge. The development of sustainable agriculture requires reducing the use of agrochemicals and their replacement by more ecological, efficient, and economical products or processes. In this context, the use of biofertilizers has been promoted considering the dynamics and importance of soil microbial communities, as well as their beneficial and cooperative functions in agricultural productivity. This article presents a review of the use of fertilizers, environmental pollution in agroecosystems, biofertilizers and the properties of some microorganisms that serve as the basis for their manufacture (nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers), as well as the general steps of their production process, in such a way that the knowledge of this biotechnology for agroecosystem management is promoted. Today, changes aimed at improving sustainability are taking place with respect to agricultural practices and food production. For this reason, the study of processes such as molecular nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization is the basis for improving the quality of biological inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería is the property of Avances en Ciencias e Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The modern context in which broiler nutrition is inserted makes it possible to formulate diets containing commercial enzymes in order to improve the metabolizability of nutrients and the utilization of food of plant origin when acting on the breakdown of phytates and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP’s) soluble and insoluble. Enzymes acting on these substrates, phytase and xylanase, respectively, are not produced or have insignificant endogenous production by birds. The effects of phytase and carbohydrases on antinutritional factors can be considered additive since the phytase efficiency added to the diet can be reduced by the restricted access to the substrate in the presence of NSP’s. Similarly, insufficiency of phytase could reduce the action of carbohydrases on nutrients that may be complexed to the phytate molecule. Thus, the association between these enzymes in broiler feed can contribute to increasing yields and favoring the reduction of costs by the producer by providing the same performance for birds fed a traditional diet, as well as minimizing the environmental impacts due to the better metabolizability of the nutrients of the diets. Thus, this review was developed with the objective of approaching the use of phytase and xylanase in the diet of broilers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zea mays L. var. canteño (Poaceae) "maíz morado" has a high nutricional quality and is grown in nutrient-deficient soils. In these conditions, microorganisms such as Rhizophagus irregularis act as fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and mycorrhization of purple corn inoculated with R. irregularis. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions using sand and moss as substrate and La Molina nutrient solution. Treatments were 0; 1; 2; 3,5; 5 and 8 g of R. irregularis inoculum. Shoot length, root length and mycorrhization were evaluated at 28, 35 and 42 days of treatment. It was found that inoculation with different inoculum quantities induced significant differences in mycorrhization, shoot length and root length. Treatment with 2g increased mycorrhization, shoot length and root length at 42 days. Correlation analysis demonstrated correlation between inoculum quantity, mycorrhization and root length. It is concluded that R. irregularis produces an increase in mycorrhization percentage, shoot length and root length in purple corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of residues from agroindustrial processes is an ecological alternative that allows implementing nutrient cycling in agriculture and saving fertilizers; for this purpose the potential of the ashes generated by the combustion of sugarcane bagasse in the five sugar industries of the province of Granma was evaluated. The best potentials of Phosphorus and Potassium (mg/kg) correspond to the ashes of the industries "Arquímides Colina" (380,87 and 2625) and "Bartolomé Masó" (1056,75 and 1500)) with the lowest content of heavy metals. The use of the ashes in the cultivation of Lactuca sativa L. (Lettuce) in controlled and field conditions; showed a positive effect on the variables of plant growth and agricultural yield. In addition, the ashes replace the losses of the macronutrients; which together with the availability and low cost of the ash allows its use as a natural mineral fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dung beetles are excellent indicators of ecosystem ecological integrity, accomplishing an essential role in nutrient cycling process that includes fertilization and soil aeration. Nevertheless, very little is known about the influence of season variation on the assemblage composition and ecological function of dung beetles from high Andean zones. We aimed to investigate the seasonal effect on the diversity and ecological function of dung beetles in terms of biomass. We sampled two pasture patches of the "Reserva Biológica Encenillo", located in Cundinamarca-Colombia, using ten pitfall traps baited with feces placed 50 m apart for 24 hours. This sample design was replicated during each season (dry, transition, and rain). A significant seasonal variation was documented, demonstrating an important association with the rainy season. Significant differences were found for the biomass between species and seasons. The species with the highest biomass was Homocopris achamas. It is evident that high Andean pastures assemblages have low diversity, due to the strong human disturbance, the pressures associated with the altitude, and the evolutionary dynamics of these regions. The marked seasonality of the registered species and the close association with the rainy season are consistent with the pattern established for the Neotropical region. Likewise, a strong seasonal variation of the biomass is evident, which could have a significant impact on the ecological functionality and the ecosystem services in this habitat. In future studies, it is necessary to quantify the functional contribution of the species and their seasonal variation to contribute to their conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)