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Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When the patron saint festivities of Azkoitia, the Andramaris, were cancelled in 2020, several people asked me whether anything similar had ever happened. In this article, I describe the events that occurred during the cholera outbreak in Azkoitia in 1855 and the way in which it affected the festivities. No events took place, except for the odd religious celebration to ask for protection from San Roque. At the end of the pandemic, a Te Deum was sung at the Parish Church of Santa María La Real. The Asian morbid cholera claimed the lives of 69 residents in Azkoitia and 272 in Azpeitia. The work carried out by the town doctor of Azkoitia, Dionisio Ortiz Arrieta, and the barber or bleeder, Francisco Ignacio Sarriegui, is particularly interesting. I also discuss the publication by Doctor Juan Antonio Monedero that describes how the epidemic unfolded in Gipuzkoa. To end, I include a brief anecdote about the pyrotechnics of the time, citing the famous character of Canuto Aguirre from Vitoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fountains have been a constant in the life of men, from the oldest civilizations to the present day. The first fountains allowed access to the water that nature offers spontaneously, to meet man and domestic animals' basic needs. Then the first artifi- cial fountains arrived, built in villages, towns and cities, which for many years provided their inhabitants with the water they required, also serving as a meeting place and recreation. After them ornamental artificial fountains arrived, which were built in streets, squares and parks and in the inside of palaces and gardens, and served as an urban element that contributed to organise the landscape, softening and embellishing the environment. They can also be considered as a work of art, acquiring the purpose of artistic expression with their sculptures and architectural fountains, leaving the water that gushes from their fountains or falls through the waterfalls as a secondary ornament. The use of water as an element of architectural and urban composition has been present in all cultures and the fountain has been the most common modality. Its evolution is the result of man's use and behaviour with water, which since its inception has been conditioned by the technological level reached in each era. The article takes a quick tour through the history of fountains, from their origin to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The geysers are deposits of thermal water whose water output is a way of volcanic eruption that ejects water on a permanent basis. The show that offers this variety of thermal sources is visual for the intermittent lifting of water, the steam generated, the formation of rain and rainbows formed by sunlight. In addition, thanks to the continuous outbreak, puddles are formed and can be used as swimming pools, turning it into a recreational attraction more for visitors. In Peru there is also this rare geological phenomenon; four zones are currently known: Baños de Churín (sierra of Lima), El Tubo in Pampa de los Chivatos (Zorritos, Tumbes), Fuente termo-minero-medicinal of San Cristobal - Putina (Moquegua) and Calientes in Candarave (Tacna). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]