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The article aims to carry out a bioethical and legal reflection on the corporate food regime and the legal protection granted to inventions with the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The method is hermeneutical, the approach is qualitative, the technique applied is documentary-theoretical, and the instrument used is an information matrix for the obtention, analysis and multidimensional reflection of the analysis categories. The document is divided into three parts. The first part identifies the corporate food regime and the transition from traditional agriculture to industrial agriculture with the presence of GMOs. The second part includes the legal protection of the plant breeder’s right. The regulatory framework of plant breeders is structured with international standards where property rights of plant genetic modification are established. The third part is a bioethical and legal reflection of the plant breeder’s right in the diet in Colombia and the environmental consequences of intensive planting of monocultures. Finally, the conclusions are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity was developed in the year 2000 as a legal framework to guaranty the safety of the marketing, trade and manipulation of products made of living organisms modified by biotechnology, throughout the application of the precautionary principle. Nevertheless, despite of the apparently clear objectives that the international community wanted to achieve with it, the vagueness of its clauses and the deficiency of its dispute settlement mechanisms caused the lack of enforcement of the Protocol; making it innocuous and ineffective when regulating the international market of biotechnological products, and maintaining the status quo established by the wto which rejects the implementation of the precautionary principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The knowledge, acceptance for the consumption and opinion about the labelled of foods derived from biotechnology for the people of Havana city were evaluated. A total of 600 persons integrated the analyzed sample. The applied survey was evaluated by means of the approach of experts, using the methodology Delphy. Results indicate that 93% of citizens answered to not know about the theme. In relation to the persons that responded affirmatively that know about these foods, 87% accepts their consumption and 92% agrees with its labelled. The educational level of citizens determined the knowledge that they believe that have in relations to this theme and their perception about these products. The age of the persons did not determine significant differences in analyzed aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arguments presented by Espinoza et al. In their paper "Relationship of genetically modified crops with the environment and health of the Costa Rican human population" published in this journal (Rev. Biol. Trop. 52: 727-732, 2004) are questioned and refuted. The arguments are confronted with evidence offered by scientists and national and international independent organizations around the world (e.g. World Health Organization, Consumers International, Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the Council of the University of Costa Rica, and the Independent Science Panel) showing the current uncertainty and limitations of science in this area, as well as those of proposed and applied biosafety approaches. Environment, biodiversity and food security are so important and basic matters, that there is need of serious testing, particularly when promises seem to be based on environmentally dangerous ideas promoted half a century ago by the so called "green revolution". Debate should continue, based on a holistic analysis of facts and with ethical reasoning, avoiding emotional positions that can confuse virtual reality with reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of genetic modification of living organisms has generated ethical questions of difficult solution. The searching for conceptual frames has put into question whether the ontological status of organisms altered by biotechnology has been changed. This paper approaches the biotechnological organism following the thinking of philosophers Ortega y Gasset and Xavier Zubiri, based on their view on anthropology and technology conceptualizing the biotechnological artificial object as an "artificial organism" with the particularity that it is the first object produced by human beings which reproduces independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay concerns to the recently approved biosafety legislation in Mexico. It includes some considerations about the conflict and regulation concerning agriculture genetic resources (AGR). The first part offers a view about the international negotiation and how it affects less developed countries' agricultures. The second part emphasizes about the recent Mexican law's content and two previous law projects. The analysis is about the success and absences in the new law on society participation, biological diversity and human health's protection related to liberation and planting of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the end there are some long term conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]