Search

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is considered a staple in the diet of hundreds of people. In Colombia, during 2017, a production of 2.8 million tons was registered, being the variety Diacol Capiro most planted for industrial processing in the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Nariño. The crop is sensitive to water deficit and it is the most limiting factor in production, therefore, irrigation is an essential practice which is being done by spraying with low efficiency, while drip irrigation can achieve efficiencies close to 90 %. An experiment was carried out under field conditions aiming to evaluate the effect of two irrigation systems (drip vs spray) on the production, quality, and efficient use of water in the Diacol Capiro variety potato crop in the municipality of Toca, Boyacá. A completely randomized experimental design was used with 2 treatments corresponding to each irrigation system and 3 repetitions. At 28 days after sowing (das) sprouting percentage, yield and quality of tubers were measured and harvest and efficient water use was calculated for fresh tubers. Statistical differences were observed for the evaluated treatments (p <0.05) in germination and efficient use of water; other variables did not show statistical differences. With two treatments the productive potential of the variety was reached but the drip irrigation presented the best results, producing an additional 3.49 kg of fresh tubers per m3 of water used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The information regarding the factors that affect the success of extubation in neurosurgical patients is limited; thus, it is necessary to determine the prevalence, and the associated factors, of extubation failure in neurosurgical patients. Methods: It was performed a prospective, longitudinal, observational and comparative study in neurosurgical patients with criteria for extubation. In those who the number of endotracheal aspirations had failed 24 hours before extubation, it was analyzed the presence of cough reflex, length of stay and mechanical ventilation days. Results: 70 patients were included in the study, of whom 11.4 % patients failed extubation and the associated factors were performing 6 events or more of endotracheal tube suction 24 hours prior to weaning (relative risk [RR] = 1.88, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-3.09, p 0.01), 7 days of mechanical ventilation (RR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.57, p 0.005) and a length of hospital stay of 7.5 days (RR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.47, p 0.01). Conclusions: performing 6 or more endotracheal tube suction events during the 24 hours before extubation is a risk factor for extubation failure in neurosurgical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great increase that in the last decades have experienced pragmatic studies has generated a special attention to the so called rhetorical questions. Nevertheless, many times this kind of analysis is founded on artificially created ad hoc examples in such a manner that to a certain extent final results are conditioned by the methods. In this paper we have tried to paliate these deficiencies by improving three basic subjects: 1) we do not start from a previous intuitive prototipical Knowledge of the rhetorical question, on the contrary, we basically look for its limits; 2) we obtain the occurrences from dramatic texts, so every sentence appears in a proper manner with its complete pragmatic-intentional context; 3) as a result of 1 and 2 we can define the most important features of the «rhetorical cycle» implied in this construction and its variations in order to establish the communicative profiles of the rhetorical questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a study of the latin particles enim and nam from a pragmatic- intentional perspective. The results are analysed from two different points of view. In the first one, the four most important topics taken into account are: 1.- enim and nam in interrogative sentences; 2.- enim in expressive contexts; 3.- enim and nam in imperative sentences; 4.- enim and nam + haud. The main conclusion of our study is that both particles are Intentional Discourse Markers; enim shows that the sentence is thought from a subjective attitude, and nam from an objective one. The aim of fourth section is to contrast the statistics of enim and nam in several Latin authors. Figures point out that every writer maintains an objective or subjective attitude towards his discourse according to the nature of the literary gender. Finally, in the last section, we give attention to the relation (‘global ratio’) between the ocurrences of enim and nam and the total number of verses (or lines) in order to stablish the degree of personal implication which an author wants to reveal about his discursive responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle Ordovician formations of the Anti-Atlas ranges of southern Morocco provided a diverse record of trilobites, molluscs, echinoderms, brachiopods, graptolites and micro- and ichnofossils from about 180 fossil localities. These were mainly found during the national geological mapping to the 1:200.000 scale, and most of them remained unreferenced until now. The lithostratigraphic position of all fossil localities is briefly studied showing, in some cases, noteworthy discrepances with previous works. Besides this stratigraphical reappraisal, a review of the fossil record for each formation and locality is done, together with a taxonomical update. From a chronostratigraphical point of view, the whole sucession constituted by the Tachilla Formation and First Bani Group formations are here referred to the Mediterranean regional scale. The Oretanian-Dobrotivian and Dobrotivian-Berounian boundaries are located respectively in the Bou-Zeroual Formation and at the top of the Izegguirene Formation. The transition between the lower and upper Oretanian is provisionally established in the upper third of the Tachilla Formation, and those between the lower and upper Dobrotivian at the base or in the lower part of the Ouine-Inirne Formation. A general correlation with the global standard and British regional scales is also suggested for the Middle Ordovician of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. The basal limit of the Upper Ordovician series probably lies within the lower part of the Izegguirene Formation. Paleobiogeographical data confirm the interest of this area as an important diversification center for many Mediterranean faunas that underwent remarkable dispersal in northern Gondwanan shelves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The objective of this research is to evaluate the occupational risk due to thermal stress on workers in the incineration and drying processes at Arboriente S.A. The research characteristics consist of a field study, which is descriptive and quantitative. The population included twenty workers who perform the stated processes. For risk assessment, the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index (WBGT) was used. It is based on the characterization of the workstations, the measurement of the temperatures of Wet bulb, dry bulb and globe. In addition, the determination of the metabolic thermal load, and the calculation and evaluation of the index are also included. As a result, no hygienic risk was evidenced on any of the evaluated workstations attributable to thermal stress. This is mainly due to sufficient acclimatization of the workers and their low metabolic thermal load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bikes involve great risk of injury from falls; among the major risks are head injuries. Therefore, it is essential to use protective elements. This project focuses on a study to analyze protection for a helmet for cyclists using the finite element method; the entire methodology of this work was based on the Snell standards. The percentage of absorbed tension was determined by simulating a frontal impact by varying the thickness of the material of the helmet (30 mm, 20 mm and 10 mm) that protects a 4.7kg sphere of solid aluminum, emulating the head of a bicyclist. From the results it was determined that the helmet can absorb more than 90% of the tensions, the helmet with 20mm of thickness presents the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to know patterns of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from tracheal aspirates in an Intensive Care Unit and to evaluate the cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods: antibiotic sensitivity test was done. A comparison was made between patients with nosocomial pneumonia reported by infection surveillance team against those reported by the attending physician with the infectious disease consultant. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the bacteria most frequently reported with 134 isolates (26 %), 71 were multiple-drug-resistant; followed by Staphylococcus with 122 isolates (24 %), of which 88 were S. aureus with 62 of them (70 %) methicillin-resistant. Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, as well as Acinetobacter sp. and S. maltophilia were occasionally isolated. Candida represented 17 % of the isolates. Three peaks of isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were identified during the two years of surveillance. There were differences in cases of ventilator associated pneumonia reported by the hospital based epidemiology team and the attending clinicians in collaboration with an Infectious disease consultant. Conclusions: prevalence of Multiple-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (53 %) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (70 %) isolated from the airway is high in our Intensive Care Unit. Enterobacterias, Acinetobacter sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonization are low in our Intensive Care Unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay the tourism system of the Ranco lake watershed is characterized and some potential tourist products are described for the comunas of Futrono and Lago Ranco. These analyses form part of the Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de la Cuenca del Lago Ranco (LPT-UCT 2007), which is based on secondary informative data recollected, the implementation of participative workshops, and interviews with local actors, which has made it possible to quantify the primary tourist attractions of the watershed. The results show that for the comuna of Futrono, has 45 attractions in four tourism units (Futrono, Huapi, Llifén, and Maihue), while for the comuna of Lago Ranco's 47 attractions were identified in four units (Nilahue, Rupumeika, Illahuape and Ranco). Among these attractions, those that are particularly unique are the volcanic systems, the Maihue and Ranco lakes, and the presence of the mapuche huilliche culture. We conclude that the Ranko Lake watershed possesses a potential for touristic development as much for its natural resources as for its historical-cultural patrimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]