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Introduction: To analyze the effect of pharmaceutical intervention on therapeutic adherence, viral load (VL), and CD4 T lymphocyte count in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for strengthening the role of the pharmacist in an infectious diseases service. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Data were collected through interviews using the “Assessment of Predictive Factors of Therapeutic Adherence” questionnaire. VL and CD4 parameters were collected f were collected from the patients’ medical records at the hospital. Results: 103 patients were included, 92 % men, mean age 32.30± 10.90 years for the group of patients. After pharmaceutical intervention through strategies to promote adherence: 100 % of patients increased their knowledge of their disease, 62 % increased their knowledge of antiretroviral therapy (ART), 90 % showed tolerance to ART, and 4 % experienced adverse reactions. This was reflected in an increase in the median CD4 T lymphocyte count and a decrease in viral load (undetectable in 72 % of patients), statistically and clinically significant results (p< 0.01). Conclusions: The findings suggest that pharmaceutical intervention in therapeutic adherence to ART has beneficial effects (CD4 and VL) in the analyzed patient group. Further studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualización en Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox is an emerging disease that can range from a mild condition to serious complications, which have not been fully described. CLINICAL CASE: A 32-year-old male patient, with HIV, who presented with monkeypox and abundant sudden-onset rectal bleeding and hypovolemic shock, six days after the onset of skin lesions. Colonoscopy showed a bleeding ulcer in the internal anal margin, despite this, the histopathological findings were inflammatory infiltrates and granulation tissue formation. CONCLUSIONS: The monkeypox virus seems to have a variable behavior, being more serious in people with immunocompromise; however, some symptoms can alert us to possible complications for timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV/AIDS emerged in the 1980s and created an urgent need for detection tests. Laboratory tests to detect HIV antibodies in blood samples were developed, followed by rapid tests in the 1990s. In the 2000s, HIV self-testing kits were introduced, improving accuracy and ease of use. Self-testing has become crucial in the fight against HIV. By 2030, the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) sets goals for detection and treatment. Despite progress, challenges such as stigma and education persist. In Latin America, national self-testing programs are being implemented, such as in Chile, Brazil, and Colombia. In Mexico, the approval of self-tests in 2024 represents a significant advancement. Self-tests are expected to be widely used to detect the disease early, ensuring privacy and reducing stigma and discrimination. They will also be used for research in vulnerable groups and to refer patients to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services. With these actions, the aim is to achieve the goals set by UNAIDS and improve public health in the fight against HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corpus is made up of a compilation of stories about the experience of being homosexual and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) made up of a series of in-depth interviews, situated ethnographic records and informal conversations carried out during the year 2022 with a man homosexual who lives with HIV in Puebla, Mexico -- and who is named Patricio--. Some of the semiotic-material intersections through which his experiences are configured are analyzed. In addition, certain imaginary figures are highlighted, the affects in which his modes of interaction are framed, some journeys of his daily life and his possibilities of containment in the face of discriminatory practices and stigmatizing scenarios. In three moments, some of the ways in which, between the ways of embodying an illness and the ways in which homosexuality is embodied, are exposed, these dimensions seem to be sustained by the cultural mark --always historical, always political-- of shame and pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis that affects multiple organs, including the skin and bone marrow. CLINICAL CASE: A 36-year-old male patient diagnosed with HIV and cutaneous histoplasmosis, which manifested as a disseminated dermatosis on the neck, trunk, upper and lower extremities, characterized by papular neoformations of 1-3 mm in diameter, some of them umbilicated, erythematous and hyperpigmented, light brown in color. He had a good response to treatment with amphotericin B and later with itraconazole, as well as antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histoplasmosis is a common opportunistic mycosis in patients with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which usually starts nonspecifically and may subsequently presents as a disseminated variant. The skin lesions show a heterogeneous morphology, such as umbilicated papules, nodules, vegetating plaques and/or macules. Amphotericin B and itraconazole are first-line treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the need to have rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory techniques for the detection of pathogens that are difficult to diagnose led to the creation of the Molecular Biology Laboratory at the Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Villa Clara. Objective: to characterize the evolution and importance of Molecular Microbiology in the Laboratory of the Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Villa Clara from June 2018 to December 2023. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at the Villa Clara Molecular Biology Laboratory in the period from June 2018 to December 2023 based on the total samples processed by polymerase chain reaction, several technological platforms and various kits were used. commercial. Results: In 2018, molecular diagnosis was implemented with two platforms, Rotor Gene-Q® and Gene Xpert® MTB/RIF, and in 2021, four were available, when the SLAN and the COBAS 4800® platform were introduced. The laboratory became relevant due to the arrival of the 2019 new coronavirus pandemic: 511,225 nasopharyngeal exudate samples and 14,568 determinations were processed for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency viruses, hepatitis C and B, and human papilloma carried out on the COBAS 4800® platform. In 2023, the pathogen detection capacity was strengthened and the community cocirculation of influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus type 4, the OC 43 coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and dengue was identified. Conclusions: the progressive increase in the resolution capacity of the Molecular Biology Laboratory, together with the implementation of new diagnostic platforms, has allowed us to strengthen the detection of pathogens of clinical interest and improve virological sentinel surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Neurológica Colombiana is the property of Colombian Association of Neurology / Asociacion Colombiana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Objectives: The COM-B model of capability, motivation, and opportunity was used to estimate the determinants of PrEP usage intention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and were conducted via Zoom or telephone. The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti v.8 and mapped to capability, motivation, and opportunity domains. Results: Potential facilitators identified were the skills and interest in seeking information about PrEP (capability), social support and peer opinion (opportunity), and motivations to use PrEP as an additional tool in HIV prevention. The main barriers identified were stigma towards homosexuality and HIV (opportunity); healthcare system organization and financing (opportunity); perceived lack of ability to adhere to PrEP usage (capability); and monitoring of PrEP that could be attributed to personal and healthcare system factors (capability and opportunity). Conclusions: Four strategies are suggested to address these barriers: 1) adaptation of interventions that promote knowledge and skills for PrEP; 2) development of navigator interventions to engage organizations and leaders; 3) education and skills training for primary care physicians; and 4) improvement of sexual health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Actinic reticuloid is a chronic photodermatosis characterized by erythematous-edematous papules and plaques that evolve into residual pigmented macules, initially located in photoexposed areas and related to daylight exposure. CLINICAL CASE: A 70-year-old male patient, originally from Tampico, Tamaulipas, and resident of Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, Mexico, with erythematosquamous, pruritic plaques affecting 90% of the body surface of 8 months of evolution. During his diagnostic approach, it was taken a first biopsy of the lesions, with data compatible with the diagnosis of actinic reticuloid: spongiotic hyperplasia of the epidermis with superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate and lichenoid appearance. Subsequently, a second biopsy was taken confirming the diagnosis of actinic reticuloid. Complementary studies found HIV positive serology, as well as antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Antiretroviral therapy was administered with tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz 300/200/600 mg in tablets 1 every 24 hours; doxycycline 100 mg orally every 12 hours for 14 days and thalidomide 100 mg every 24 hours. After 2 months of treatment the patient showed clinical and biochemical relieve of the lesions, decrease of pruritus, improvement in lymphocyte count and decrease of viral load for HIV. CONCLUSIONS: This case represents a clinical and histopathological description of actinic reticuloid in a patient with HIV and primary syphilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HIV, but its adoption in Colombia is still beginning. To advance the implementation of PrEP as a public health intervention, it is necessary to know the interest of populations at risk of HIV and the factors that would facilitate its use. Objective: Identify factors related to interest and intention to take PrEP in gay/bisexual men. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample in main cities of Colombia. Sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, motivations, behavioral skills, and psychosocial factors were explored; logistic models were used to estimate the relationship of these factors with interest and intention to use PrEP. Results and conclusions: 552 gay/bisexual men participated, 301 (54%) recruited online and 251 in person. Only 40% of the sample knew of the existence of PrEP. 57.4% (95% CI: 54.9%-62.4%) reported interest and 52.9% (95% CI: 48.5%-57.3%) intention to use PrEP. Interest and intention to use PrEP were related to positive attitudes and norms toward PrEP, as well as greater skills related to PrEP services. Stigma toward PrEP and depressive symptoms were related to lower interest and intention. Our results suggest the need to promote information about PrEP, especially in populations with more social disadvantages and who experience more stigma, as well as to develop community interventions that support motivations and skills to use PrEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to characterize partner violence in people with seropositivity (prevalence, types of violent actions, risk/protective variables, and consequences), for which a systematic review was carried out through the PRISMA protocol. The search for articles was carried out in Scopus, Web of Science, Eric, Scielo and Pubmed published up to 2021. 113 articles were found, of which 22 met the eligibility criteria. The results indicate that intimate partner violence in seropositive people, in addition to manifesting itself in a physical, psychological, patrimonial, sexual, and verbal way, can be presented using HIV to exercise violence. The prevalence varies depending on the geographical context in a range from 19.6% to 43.1%, which is higher in the migrant population and in men who have sex with men (MSM), seropositive women, non-heterosexual couples and in couples in which both members are seropositive. The risk/protective variables identified were associated with the dimensions: informational, motivational, behavioral skills, sociodemographic, cultural, health, socio-family and political. Likewise, social, economic and health consequences were evidenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamivudine is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, and is used to treat human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B. This study aimed to evaluate the quality attributes and compare the dissolution profiles of two batches (A and B) of generic lamivudine 150 mg tablets with the innovator drug Epivir 150 mg tablets. We conducted an analytical, experimental, cross-sectional study, and used a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of maximum absorption (λ) corresponding to 270 nm, to measure the percentage of dissolved drug. The study evaluated identification, content, dissolution and mass uniformity. Apparatus 2 USP (Paddle) 75 rpm, 900 mL of dissolution medium (37 ± 0.5 °C) was used in three dissolution media: pH 1.2; 4.5 and 6.8. Samples of 5 mL were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. Both batches of generic lamivudine (A and B) were found to have the same dissolution kinetic profile as the innovator drug. Both formulations met the criteria of very fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 15 min), and fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 30 min) drugs. Therefore, it was not necessary to calculate the similarity factor. We concluded that generic drugs A and B are in vitro equivalents to the innovator drug Epivir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prospectiva is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Galicia Clínica is the property of Sociedad Gallega de Medicina Interna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Insulinoma is a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that produces hyperinsulinism and causes a severe lowering of blood glucose levels with chronic symptoms such as fainting. It is more common in males and can occur at any age, either as solitary or multiple neoplasms, the latter known to be part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) group. Insulinomas are rare and require resective surgery, with symptoms resolution being the marker of recovery. This article describes a case of insulinoma in a 51-year-old woman with a clinically typical presentation and signs and symptoms of hyperinsulinism. Laboratory tests revealed increased insulin secretion, while magnetic resonance imaging showed features of insulinoma, where the pancreatic tumor could be seen. This case was treated by surgical resection of the pancreatic tumor during an exploratory laparotomy, using the enucleation technique, which is described in detail herein. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, i.e., the result was successful in terms of health recovery. This surgical technique is used at Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza in Lima, Peru, when facing cases such as the one described. This type of neoplasm is very uncommon, so it should be considered highly suspicious and, in this case, the images were essential for choosing the surgical resection. Other cases of insulinoma have been treated surgically at the Hospital; moreover at least one case of nesidioblastosis could not receive an adequate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient diagnosed with HIV infection since 2008 on intermittent antiretroviral therapy with dolutegravir, lamivudine, abacavir, stage C3 (viral load 29,855 and CD4 count 40) who was admitted for a clinical picture of two months of evolution consisting of the appearance of non-pruritic nodular ulcerated cutaneous lesions on the face and lower limbs associated with loss of visual acuity in the left eye. On physical examination presented ulcerated lesions with necrotic and hyperkeratotic edges, for this reason extension studies were requested. The patient presented reactive VDRL, which is why a skin biopsy was requested, due to the suspicion of malignant syphilis, as well as lumbar puncture and ophthalmological assessment, which confirmed neurosyphilis and panuveitis. Finally, the skin biopsy report showed lesions compatible with malignant syphilis, for which he was treated with single-dose benzathine penicillin G and crystalline penicillin due to central nervous system and eye involvement, with complete resolution of the symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In May of 2022, the identification of monkeypox cases with human-to-human transmission began, with the sexual pathway being the most frequent form (1-3). Below, we present a case series of 11 patients with monkeypox, who consulted between August and October of 2022. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed. The demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the patients were described, and a skin biopsy was performed in one of them. In addition, the main characteristics of the HIV-positive patients were specified. Data was collected and analyzed in Microsoft® Excel. Results: All the patients were male, mean age was 33.9 years. PCR was positive in 9 respiratory swab samples, in 10 skin lesion samples and in 8 scab samples. HIV history was present in 81.8%. All the patients had general malaise and lymphadenopathy; the time from contact to lesions was 13.7 days and 100% were pustules; lastly, systemic symptoms resolved faster than skin lesions. Discussion: The reported case series exhibited a similar behavior to that reported in the literature (male sex identified as homosexual or bisexual), who had frequent HIV coinfection and history of other sexually transmitted infections: 81.8% (n = 9) and 66.6% (n = 6), respectively. Conclusion: The data suggests a close relationship between HIV and monkeypox virus, having in common the transmission, primarily through sexual contact; in addition, the high prevalence of other STIs, which support the statement that it is the main route of transmission during this outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Neurológica Colombiana is the property of Colombian Association of Neurology / Asociacion Colombiana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Marjolin's ulcer is the malignant degeneration of any chronic wound, with a latency period from tissue injury to variable malignant transformation that may occur up to 30 years later. Among the associated neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the predominant lineage in up to 71% of cases. The verrucous carcinoma variant has been estimated to have a low presentation, being described in the literature as 2% of all SCC and reported anecdotally in immunosuppressed patients, which justifies the objective of this publication. Clinical case: 65-year-old female patient with a history of being a carrier of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who presented a verrucous carcinoma associated to a Marjolin ulcer secondary to herpes zoster and infection of soft tissues in the right leg, with a latency period of 10 years from the initial infectious process to histopathological confirmation. Conclusions: The finding of a verrucous carcinoma on a Marjolin ulcer has been little described in literature, with a lower incidence in the context of a patient with a history of being a carrier of HIV infection, finding 7 case reports, the oldest from 1998. For this reason, it is important to have diagnostic suspicion, to carry out an adequate study protocol and always making clinical-pathological correlation, in order to establish timely and individualized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and gradually destroy CD4+ cells of the immune system and eventually leading to immunodeficiency. Gastrointestinal opportunistic parasitosis are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV+ patients. Objective. To determine the prevalence of the opportunistic parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Cystoisospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis, in patients infected with HIV in the municipality of Veracruz. Mexico. Material and methods. 230 non-serial stool samples from patients with HIV were collected. The smears were analysed by direct method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Results. A prevalence of parasitism of 92.17% was found, 85.22% of Cryptosporidium spp., and C. cayetanensis were identified as mono-parasitism or in association with each other and with other nonopportunistic parasites. Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent parasite (72.60%), followed by C. cayetanensis (57.78%), Endolimax nana (36.52%), Blastocystis spp. (17.83%) and Entamoeba Complex (7 .83%). No samples with Cystoisospora belli were identified. Conclusions. Compared to the only report of opportunistic parasites in the HIV+ population of the Veracruz municipality, there was an increase in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and a abscense of C. belli. Even with a greater access to antiretroviral treatment, in Mexico, parasitosis continue to have high prevalences. Therefore, routine monitoring of opportunistic parasitism is necessary, using appropriate techniques to avoid underdiagnosis and the risk of comorbidity and mortality that they represent in the HIV+ population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: Seropositivity to the human immunodeficiency virus currently represents a serious health problem, due to its scope and global significance. In Cuba, the provincial capitals register higher incidence rates compared to the rest of the municipalities. Objective: to epidemiologically characterize the seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in the Cienfuegos municipality, between 2017 and 2021. The universe of 134 patients. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, level of education, sexual orientation, health areas and research group. For the analysis of the information, summary measures for quantitative variables (percentages and rates) were used. Results: health areas III and VI had the highest rates. The age group of 25-34 years predominated, and the male sex represented 79.9% of the total. According to sexual orientation, homosexuals occupied 58.2%, and 32.1% belonged to the research group captured. Conclusions: seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus decreased significantly in the last five years, where patients of young adulthood were the most affected, as well as men who have sex with other men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report describes the case of two male HIV-positive patients who were not receiving treatment and whose diagnosis was confirmed by serology testing. Both patients developed midbrain stroke syndrome and the structural injury, which was caused by a central nervous system infection due to cerebral toxoplasmosis, was verified by brain magnetic resonance imaging. This condition was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid serology testing. Weber's syndrome is a very rare type of midbrain stroke syndrome with little information available on its symptoms and evolution. It was first described by Sir Herman David Weber in 1863 and is characterized by ipsilateral injury of the third cranial nerve fascicle with contralateral hemiparesis due to injury of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts of the cerebral peduncle. Its causes range from ischemic or hemorrhagic processes, which damage the third cranial nerve fascicle and cerebral peduncle, to brain tumors, aneurysms, extradural hematomas and infectious diseases that behave like spreading processes. The assessed patients showed clinical signs and symptoms such as ptosis; vertical double vision; difficulty standing up; hemiparesis; hyporeflexia; decreased superficial and deep sensation; poor balance and coordination; third cranial nerve palsy; slurred speech; intermittent disorientation in time, place and person; and facial asymmetry. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin and prednisone were administered as specific treatment for toxoplasmosis, which enabled the improvement of the clinical picture. This case report presents the sequence of events, treatment and a brief review of the literature to be considered in the diagnosis and determine its importance in patients with HIV-toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for chronic infection by T. gondii in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the department of Cochabamba. Methods: observational-descriptive cross-sectional study. 325 samples (n=325) of plasma/serum from patients who attended LABIMED between the months of July to August of the year 2016 were used. Data (age, gender and risk factors) were collected in the sociodemographic form. Qualitative serological tests of Indirect Hemaglutination (HAI) and Indirect Immunoflorescence (IFI) were used the latter for confirmation of positive cases. Additionally, the count of CD4+ T lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry to determine the immunological status of the patients that serves as a guide in clinical treatment. The data were analyzed with the program/software SPSS version 20. Results: the global seroprevalence of chronic infection by T. gondii in the study population was 40%. Consumption of undercooked meat (AOR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1,56-5,22) and farming/gardening activity (AOR: 1,7; 95% CI: 1,07-2,70) were risk factors for chronic T. gondii infection. 45,6% of people living with the HIV/AIDS virus who are positive for toxoplasmosis have a CD4+ T lymphocyte count <200 cells/ml, equivalent to severe immunodeficiency. Conclusions: the study shows a significant seroprevalence of chronic infection by T. gondii, as well as presenting a high severe immunodeficiency in patients with the HIV/AIDS virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections for health worldwide and one of the most frightening of this century. Objective: to characterize the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in people aged 50 years and older. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out, which included all the people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus, in Cienfuegos, from 1986 to 2021. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, sexual orientation, research group, diagnoses by year and residence municipality. Results: people in the age group of 50 to 59 years contributed the highest incidence with 75.21%; the predominant sexual orientation was homosexual (58,9 %). According to the research groups, in the three age groups the captured group stands out with 41.88%. A sustained increase was observed in the province, mainly in the male sex, rising in recent years. Conclusions: the increase in patients aged 50 and older diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus indicates that it is necessary to address the problem with a different clinical-epidemiological approach. These characteristics increase the risk of HIV infection, they must be monitored with the application of the MINSAP 50 and + Work Line. It is necessary to carry out activities aimed at reducing the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes a mathematical model for the dynamics of HIV/AIDS, in which study six behaviors corresponding to five stages of progression of the disease: the phase susceptible, the phase without diagnosis, the phase of diagnosis without viral suppression, with viral suppression and with AIDS, is also considered a protected population under the action of pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is also considered a rate of immigrants in the populations of undiagnosed and diagnosed without viral suppression. With the proposed model, equilibrium points are sought, in which, due to immigration there is no trivial equilibrium point and therefore the basic reproductive number of disease cannot be calculated. Numerical simulations are carried out, and parameters are estimated with data from the city of Pasto, in Colombia, from where it can be seen that timely diagnosis and prevalence in the use of antiretrovirals are very effective in controlling the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of a patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus in early symptomatic phase is described, who was seen at the Dermatology Service of the Dr. León Cuervo Rubio Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Pinar del Río for presenting infiltrated erythematous lesions of three months of evolution in the right lower limb, with altered pain and thermal sensation. A basiloscopic and histopathologic study was indicated, which confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of borderline tuberculoid leprosy, and therefore polychemotherapy combined with antiretroviral therapy was started, which favored the patient's evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maguaré is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acquired immunodeficiency virus infection continues to be a major public health problem not only in Ecuador but also throughout the world. Cancer is a common presentation in people living with this virus and represents the main cause of death in this population in most Latin American countries. For these reasons, we present the case of a 58-year-old patient, diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency virus in the year 2000, who in the last ten years presented adequate clinical, virological, and pharmacological control. Suddenly and a few months ago, he began with symptoms related to a spinal cord compression syndrome at the lumbar level characterized by pain, functional impotence of the extremities and paresthesias. Complementary studies determined the presence of a mass at the medullary level and imaging studies (PET/CT) revealed a tumor mass at the lumbar level associated with multiple retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes. The histopathological results revealed the presence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, an AIDS-defining neoplasm, which ultimately resulted in the patient's death. The presence of this type of neoplasia is extremely striking after 20 years after the virus was diagnosed and especially after more than ten years of adequate controls and no detected viral loads, which warranted the publication of this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV is a chronic disease that affects the CD4 receptors of the immune system, so it is necessary for people with the virus to be under Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) to reduce the viral load in the body. The success of ART is related to adherence to treatment, understood as: the intake of antiretroviral drugs, follow-up of medical controls and implementation of healthy lifestyles. There are personal, social and health systems problems that prevent people from adhering to ART in an adequate way. This situation has become a public health problem because inappropriate taking of drugs often leads to drug resistance. In this way, it is necessary to implement effective psychological interventions aimed at increasing adherence to ART, to contribute to a better use of antiretrovirals and to the improvement of the quality of life of people with HIV. Accordingly, the objective was to review the factors associated with the efficacy of psychological interventions, to increase adherence to ART and to aggregate the findings in quantitative estimates of its impact on adherence. For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a research technique that allows a quantitative analysis of results by calculating specific statistics. The literature search and review were carried out from August 2017 to May 2019 in the PubMed, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO Host) and Springer Link databases, for the identification of experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria (studies published in peer-reviewed indexed journals, experimental or quasi-experimental research, using techniques to increase adherence, published in Spanish and English and reporting the necessary statistics for effect size calculation). Of the 15 studies (total n = 1669) selected, 38 effect sizes were obtained. The calculation of the individual and global effect size was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat, 2011, v. 2.2.064). All the effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference and a random effects model. To find out if individual effect sizes were homogeneous and therefore represent a similar measure of treatment efficacy, the Cochran Q homogeneity test was applied; based on this, the I² was calculated. Also, it was performed a publication bias calculation, the objective of which was to estimate the number of non-significant effect sizes that are required for a reduction of the global effect size to a smaller and non-significant one. The overall effect size was moderate (d = 0.56, n = 38, 95 % CI = 0.39 - 0.72, p < .001) and presented high heterogeneity (I² = 82.25). Twelve moderator variables were analyzed (year of publication, percentage of men, average age, measurement time, number of sessions / interactions, duration of sessions, total duration of intervention, economic remuneration for intervention, place where the intervention was carried out, type of intervention, intervention modality and adherence measurement), of which 11 were significant (all but intervention modality: individual vs. group therapy). The results suggest that the success of an intervention proposal to improve adherence to ART will be related to its ability to consider the components of the environment and the social situation in which the person with HIV develops, as well as their intrinsic characteristics in interaction with their context. Likewise, it is necessary to consider that the presence of adherence barriers should be treated specifically in young people and adults, as well as in men and women. Finally, it is more important to establish interventions aimed not only to increase adherence, but maintaining it, which is why it is considered necessary to propose studies aimed at maintaining adherence, as well as offering practical tools for people to make better decisions about their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the changes in the burden of HIV disease in the period 1990-2017, in contrast to the intervention policies and programs implemented for its prevention and control. Materials and methods. A timeline of policies and interventions in Mexico was developed and with JoinPoint regression models, we analyzed their possible relationship with significant changes in trends in the burden of HIV disease. Results. Changes in the burden of disease are related to the universalization of access to antiretroviral drugs (ARV), comprehensive care programs, and the fight against stigma and discrimination. In the period analyzed, there is a decrease in mortality related to universal and free access to ARVs. The magnitude of the changes tends to be greater in men than in women. Conclusions. The policies and programs implemented to treat people with HIV/AIDS in Mexico were integrated into increasingly cohesive and effective strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In adolescents, the vulnerabilities resulting from HIV infection are linked to the biopsychosocial singularities of the phase, making them a priority group for health strategies. Objective: To analyze the state of the art regarding situations of vulnerability of adolescents who (co)live with HIV. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in eight libraries/databases to answer the guiding question. The standardized recommendations for review were followed, the findings were categorized and discussed according to the vulnerability framework. Result: 7,517 publications were identified, of which 11 were included. Different situations of individual, social and programmatic vulnerability experienced by young people with HIV were evidenced, namely: omission of diagnosis, stigma, discrimination, low adherence to antiretroviral therapy, emotional distress, among others. Discussion: Adolescents living with HIV are susceptible to situations that expose them to real and/or potential risks. In this sense, it is imperative to qualify health services and actions, in a logic of universal and integral offer, free of judgments based on personal beliefs. Conclusion: Adolescents who (co)live with HIV are inserted in dynamic, subjective, and complex contexts of vulnerability, constrained by individual, social and programmatic aspects that negatively influence their adolescence, their health, and their relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)