Objective/Context: Atacama was a peripheral region of the Spanish Empire, but the independence of Bolivia gave it a certain centrality in 1825 since it forced the activation of a port and an altitude route through the only territory with sovereign access to the sea. We study this process through the agrarian reconfiguration of the oases in Atacama, with special attention to interactions between central and local authorities, private agents, and indigenous populations regarding the expansion of forage cultivation. Originality: We seek to broaden the understanding of processes that, although dialoguing with a broader framework related to the configuration of transoceanic and interregional trade in the context of the nascent Republic, had specific repercussions in local spaces through the dissemination of new actors, scarcely studied by anthropology and regional history. Methodology: We analyze primary and secondary sources, to examine this process through the articulation of discourses, expectations, reactions, and conflicts between different agents involved. Conclusions: The transformations produced during this period are basic to the understanding of future reconversion processes of the territory's agricultural-mining landscapes. A characteristic feature of the Bolivian republican plan was the agricultural intensification of the desert through the dissemination of animals and alfalfa seeds in oases and other spaces adjacent to roads. Decades later, after the War of the Pacific, the Atacama Desert would be appropriated by Chile and the subsequent mining cycles would occur on previously reconverted agricultural landscapes, with an indigenous population especially qualified in cattle herding, knowledge of animal trails, and forage supply to the regional mining market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]