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The article presents the historical presence of Mexico in Brazil and Brazil in Mexico, highlighting the experience of ambassadors Alfonso Reyes and José Guilherme Merquior. Both ambassadors established fruitful links with intellectuals and contributed to the promotion of cultural exchanges. The article emphasizes the importance of knowledge and mutual understanding in diplomatic relations between both countries. It also mentions the importance of greater coordination and cooperation between Brazil and Mexico to overcome historical challenges and strengthen regional leadership in Latin America. The objective of the dossier is to generate a historical academic product that reflects the importance of the relations between both countries. [Extracted from the article]

When talking about the origins of International Political Economy (IPE), the traditional form that emerged in the 1970s is mentioned. Under the assumption that economic issues were ignored by the internationalists of that time. This article seeks to disprove this assumption through the case of Leonard Woolf. Through a revisionist historiographical study of Woolf's writings on imperialism, it is shown that what was experienced was a reactivation of a field of study that had already been present at least since the beginning of the 20th century. Also, the foundations are established for future research on some other intellectuals from the early 20th century, bringing with them an alternative narrative when talking about EPI as a subdiscipline of International Relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Women who study are dangerous: selected portraits of Slovenian women from the intellectual elite" analyzes the history of Slovenian women who studied abroad due to the lack of opportunities in Slovenia. The book highlights the academic careers of these women in hard sciences, humanities, and socially engaged creative careers. Important figures such as Ana Štěrba-Böhm, the first Slovenian female doctor, and Angela Piskernik, a botanist dedicated to research and teaching, are mentioned. The article also mentions the early introduction of compulsory primary education in Slovenia in 1774 and the limited access of women to secondary education until 1872. The book presents the trajectory of several Slovenian women in different fields, such as Helena Stupan, Zofka Kveder, Ljudmila Poljanec, Vida Jeraj, and Minka Skabernè, and offers an anthology of these trajectories as a starting point for research projects. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Letras (Lima) is the property of Letras, Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aportes Para la Integración Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this interview, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak revisits the debate between essentialism and anti-essentialism by reconsidering various theoretical frameworks she has engaged with over her intellectual journey. These frameworks include deconstruction, Marxism, and feminisms, alongside reflections on the role of philosophy. One key focus of her reflection is the concept of strategic essentialism in understanding social movements, diverging from her previous stances. Spivak suggests viewing it as an ongoing critique of essentialist approaches, emphasizing the importance of maintaining critical, strategic, and indispensable elements within a minimalizable essence. She also stresses the significance of authorial positioning and autobiographical narratives, drawing on childhood lessons. She explores teaching as a practice that can convey the impossibility of fixed essences rather than engaging in theoretical debates. She examines her own place within the Subaltern Studies Group and the political connotations of the "Third World." Towards the end, she delves into the practical perspective on essences concerning empirical realities and the dynamic between researchers and their audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate task of the Mexican post-revolutionary governments in the twenties was the creation and consolidation of institutions that would build the ideological program of the new state. In this task, intellectuals played a prominent role, particularly in the debate on the definitions of culture and national identity, which fostered an atmosphere of exchange of ideas, as well as tensions between different artistic and intellectual groups. This article analyzes two specific groups: the first headed by José Vasconcelos and the second by Pedro Henríquez Ureña. Both characters shared an intellectual bond and common purposes, but different ways of fulfilling those goals: on the one hand, as a maker of institutions, directly linked to the governmental structure and government actions and on the other, as a social critic. Thus, through the comparative analysis of two publications in particular: La falange. Revista de cultura latina, as organ of the group linked to José Vasconcelos, and Vida Mexicana. Revista mensual de ideas de interés, by those who followed Pedro Henríquez Ureña, analyzes the trajectory of two ways of understanding the social role attributed to intellectuals, the points in common of these groups, as well as the differences in the projects and trajectories that followed later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: The decade of the 1920s witnessed a significant transformation in Peruvian political culture with the widespread recognition of the indigenous problem as a socioeconomic phenomenon, which paved the way for new political languages. This article aims to recover the role of myth in the Peruvian indigenista debate during this period. Specifically, it delves into the literary polemic of indigenismo in 1927, focusing on how intellectuals from Lima, Cusco, and Puno bestowed their arguments with legitimacy, effectively intertwining literature and history through the incorporation of mythical elements. Methodology: The study proposes an examination of the arguments put forth by indigenista intellectuals using the tools of conceptual history, drawing heavily from Hans Blumenberg's work on myth. This theoretical framework helps uncover the semantic foundations of Peruvian indigenist's language and sheds light on the historical temporalities of their political projects. Originality: This article advances a novel analysis of the intellectual field by reinterpreting primary sources related to the 1927 indigenismo polemic, reconstructing synchronic languages on national identity, and highlighting the role of myth as a significant rhetorical device. By exploring how supporters of indigenismo creatively employed myth to imagine the past and mobilize politically, this study uncovers previously overlooked conceptual shifts and their mythical underpinnings. Conclusions: The study argues that myth played a crucial role in shaping the political language of a new generation of Peruvian intellectuals. Indigenismo facilitated the emergence of novel conceptual frameworks that interrogated national identity, accelerated expectations of change, and incorporated mythical elements from indigenous experiences, including rebellions in the south and the activities of the Comité Pro-Derecho Indígena Tahuantinsuyo. Concepts such as nation and socialism were democratized and imbued with mythical significance, reflecting the diverse temporalities within the indigenista movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studia Politicae is the property of Studia Politicae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Like all public intellectuals, Martin Lenhard is beset by multiple dilemmas, roles and challenges. He has to confront the demands driven by the social world, the cultural world and the various systemic environments in which he interacts. In our article, based on Gramsci's writings on the organic intellectual, we highlight the intellectual Martin Lenhard and his research, in particular, his book published in Brazil Omar e o mato: história da escravidão (Congo-Angola, Brazil, Caribbean) (1998). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflection article is part of the theoretical advances of the Doctoral Thesis titled "Scientific Culture in Teacher Training in Sciences. Approach to Intersubjective Models" developed within the framework of the Doctorate in Human Sciences at the University of Talca (Chile). In this paper, epistemological and didactic features that could substantially contribute to scientific culture from the teacher's practice are characterized and analyzed. From a hermeneutical exercise, epistemological elements emerged that assign a transcendent role to the teacher and the educational practice: 1) recognize the latent: educating in sciences, with the purpose of building scientific culture implies overcoming the interactions and experiences that occur on the phenomenological experiential level, and giving greater importance to the deep structures that cultural models contain, interpretive patterns that support didactics; 2) promote Verstehen: the understanding of science and scientific knowledge must occur inductively, that is, starting from reality and not from theory; 3) complexifying and integrating disciplines: it implies overcoming the partial or segmented vision of reality, giving way to complex and interdisciplinary perspectives; 4) valuing uniqueness: it calls for considering the science that is taught as a cognitive component of culture permeated by context and history. These are features that strengthen the relevance of an education where the teacher is a public intellectual who uses dialogic competences, placing scientific knowledge in the framework of current challenges, among them, the construction of scientific culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1910 and 1912, La Buena Lectura was published. It was a newspaper from Antioquia funded by the Sociedad de San Vicente de Paul. On its pages emerge reading protocols that search for the conquest of public reason by Catholicism. As a result, an interpretative community of intellectual people arose educating a lector community to read without affection or emotion and with a high sense of duty. This use of reading takes structural components from catechism and materializes without doubt as a fundamental moment in the history of the practices and the formation of readers in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the political and literary place of Helcías Martán Góngora in relation to Afro-Colombian critical thought. In this sense, it analyzes how he portrayed black/Afro-Colombian experiences in his poems and essays. The article sustains that his poems and essays reflect aspects of what is considered a committed intellectual. Based on his political action and literary production, the writer defended black/Afro-Colombian culture and its intelligentsia. His defense took place in a national anti-black/afrocolombian poetry, which make more valuable his works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of electoral disputes and the transformation of power structures has been notably lacking in the historiography of republican universities during the first half of the 19th century. This article delves into the experiences of faculty members elected through the vote, which played a significant role in reshaping leadership and expanding intellectual culture at Universidad del Magdalena e Istmo between 1827 and 1840. During this period, somewhat uniquely, enlightened republicans established universities at the departmental (provincial) level in what is now the Republic of Colombia. However, there has been limited examination of the trajectories and selection processes of the educated elite from the standpoint of intellectual history. This article argues that the use of the electoral mechanism, in addition to determining representativeness and the rise of representative government in universities, was a pivotal factor in the affirmation of an education and a secular power. This, on one hand, eroded the clerical influence in higher education and, on the other, displaced ecclesiastics from positions of authority. The advent of the university within the framework of representative democracy also led to the emergence of other types of intellectuals, linked to humanistic knowledge, medicine, and even military education in the navy. Methodologically, the goal is to explore the political journeys of these intellectuals who managed to enter the university in the context of electoral disputes that reshaped academic leadership roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inserted in the powerful flow of cultural transfers maintained in contemporary times between Europe and Latin America, people, objects, knowledge and methods of thought and intellectual work traveled from Spain to Costa Rica. Although most of their contributions responded to state demands, some resulted from requests made by Costa Rican civil society actors. Depending on the needs of the receiving party, the strategies implemented by it combined in different proportions the appropriation, reuse or rejection of what Spain issued. Prioritizing the context of reception and the role of cultural mediators, the article analyzes the use that the nineteenth-century project of the Costa Rican nation made of the cultural transfers received from Spain, the contribution of Spanish Krausism to liberaldemocratic tendencies in that republic. and the collaboration of Spanish professors in the middle of the 20th century in the reform of the Costa Rican university system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the methodological proposals for studying "cultural visits" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, offering alternatives to categories such as academic exchanges, scientific mobility, and intellectual networks. The author discusses the challenges and choices in analyzing the cultural impact of various figures, including university professors, scientists, politicians, and diplomats, emphasizing the need to consider not only academic but also cultural events generated by these visits. It highlights the author's experience in directing a collective book on cultural visits in Argentina, providing insights into the challenges faced, such as gender imbalances and geographical limitations.

The objective of this article is to analyse the trajectories of the intellectuals who participated in the different instances in charge of legislating around the educational policy implemented during the Civil Military Dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet in Chile (1973-1990). The group of intellectuals analysed includes the Ministers of Education from the period 1973-1978, the Frigate Captains Eduardo Cabezón Contreras and Juan Enrique Fröemel Andrade, as well as the civilian and military members of the Legislative Commissions related to the educational field. In methodological terms, the article adopts a historiographical approach built upon a wide variety of sources that provide information about the actors involved in the legislative process and their initiatives. Laws and decrees promulgated by the Civil Military Dictatorship were thus analysed, together with the minutes of the Military Government Junta that record the meetings for the legislative work in which the subjects here considered participated. The results show, on the one hand, the relevance acquired by military intellectuals in the first stage of the regime, as well as the early influence of the Chicago Boys in the ideological production on education of the Chilean Civil Military Dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article focuses on the debate within Mexican intellectuals, politicians, journalists, and literati during the late Porfirian era regarding the incorporation or exclusion of Hispanic culture within the Mexican nation. Topics include the positive valuation of Hispanic influence in Durango society, the cultural identification with Spanish customs and traditions fueling regional identities, and the discourse among Durango intellectuals and journalists.

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The article reflects on secularization and secularism in Uruguay, questioning the classical interpretation of secularization as an irreversible process. The importance of strengthening the concept of secularism in the Uruguayan context is highlighted, and the gradual acceptance of secularism in the country is mentioned. The theory of the "Catholic ghetto" in Uruguay is analyzed, and its interpretation as a society's isolation is criticized. The changes introduced by the Second Vatican Council in the Catholic Church are also mentioned. Several intellectuals who coined the idea of the Catholic ghetto are mentioned, but it is pointed out that these interpretations lack historical foundations. The importance of continuing to research and reflect on the topic is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

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The article presents the life and work of Augusto Arcimis, a Spanish astronomer and science communicator. Born in Seville in 1844, Arcimis spent most of his life in Cadiz, where he established his astronomical and meteorological observatory in Plaza de Mina. Although he was self-taught in astronomy, his astronomical observations were published in European scientific journals. Additionally, he authored popular science works and had a significant encounter with Francisco Giner de los Ríos. In Madrid, Arcimis founded the Central Meteorological Institute and participated in atmospheric exploration using hot air balloons. His legacy includes the heritage of the Retiro Castle, which became the headquarters of the Central Meteorological Institute. It is suggested to honor his memory with a bust in Plaza de Mina in Cadiz and in the future Meteorological Museum in the Retiro Castle in Madrid. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text offers the result of the dialogue, in the form of an interview, held with the French historian François Hartog in September 2022. The discussion is focused on Chronos, a book recently translated into Spanish, which closes the circle of his reflections on time while simultaneously opening up new routes. The interview is preceded by an introductory study in which both the career of this intellectual and some of the most relevant approaches in his work are briefly reviewed, and we trace the paths of their reception in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the possibilities of analyzing the production and reception of the book, Pueblo enfermo, in its different editions (1909, 1910 and 1937). Beyond the controversies unleashed by the Bolivian Alcides Arguedas for his book, we are interested here in the study of the context of creation/production and dissemination of a work. Also interested understand why Arguedas used as a prologue a letter from the Spanish Ramiro de Maetzu (1909 and 1910) and added in the warning of the third edition (1937) a part of the letter of the Uruguayan José E. Rodo. Two different visions of Latin America (one coming from regenerationism, the other from idealism). This combination allows us to consider whether metaphor of social disease was combined with that of Latin America as a minor. For this, the diaries of Arguedas, and the letters between him and other Latin American and European intellectuals, and the letters between Rodo and Miguel de Unamuno, are used as primary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work involves two levels of study. In the first of them is typed analytically what the writer Venezuelan Caesar Zumeta represented in terms of a "politicized writer" and a "polyvalent intellectual". These two categories involve the following question: What was a Latin American intellectual during the change from the nineteenth to the twentieth century? From typifying Zumeta within certain figures of the intellectual, some critical points are made in parallel to the problem of generations in order to position Zumeta within the Latin American generation of the 900s. The second part of the paper deals with Zumeta's booklet entitled El Continente Enfermo (The Sick Continent), in order to contextualize this writing within a series of essays written by Latin American intellectuals who, at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, reflected, wrote, and shared a horizon of expectations that were not at all positive for the countries of the region. Hence, they had coined the metaphor of the "sick continent". However, this was not a univocal notion, quite the contrary, as shown by Zumeta's reflection on the "diseases" of the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay I focus on an analysis of Bulnes the book of essays by Francisco Bulnes, El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas ante las recientes conquistas de Europa y los Estados Unidos (1899), in order to explain the originality of this work, but also to emphasize the great weight of its racist discourse. In this regard, the essay also points out parallels and counterpoints with other authors from the region who reflected and wrote about several of the same issues that concerned Bulnes, who was a devotee of the positivist school. We also emphasize the fact that Bulnes was in communion with many and diverse schools of thought, including contemporary trends in thought on biology, race, collective psychology, as well as a number of trends in interpreting economics, politics, and history that were common among leading intellectuals of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. As a source we use numerous period works, an extensive secondary bibliography and especially the original edition of the work by Francisco Bulnes, El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas, published in 1899. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America has been usually portrayed as an ill geographical space, with no possibility of healing in order to change its current destiny. It is also frequent to think about the crises and setbacks that accompany its history. This essay studies interventions of Latin American intellectuals and publicists who, between the end of the 19th century and the 1920s, resorted to the image of disease --and other associated medical notions-- to explain the tragic destinies of the region and thus defined a repertoire of ideas that seem to have endured. The paper focuses on two moments because of their importance in the emergence of repertoires of ideas, images and metaphors. On the one hand, the 1898 war between Spain and the United States, and European imperialism as a backdrop; on the other, the Great War and its effects, overlapping with the setting of the Latin-American centennials (1910-24), the Mexican Revolution (1910) and the Reforma Universitaria (University Reform, 1918), which began in Argentina but created a university movement in other Latin American countries. Therefore, as a general argument, theis paper argues that it is feasible to organize a body of texts produced in different Latin American countries between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th that has formed an interpretative repertoire, which operates as a matrix to characterize the Latin American region and associate its destiny to notions such as disease, condemnation, impossibility and failure. Particularly, the paper highlights how references to illnesses in literal and metaphorical senses show the overlap between notions such as disease-conquest-colonization and diseaseimperialism-European decadence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is a review of the book "Professor of Apocalypse: The Many Lives of Jacob Taubes" written by Jerry Z. Muller. The book narrates the life and work of Jacob Taubes, a rabbi, Jewish philosopher, and sociologist of religion. Taubes was a controversial figure who moved through different cities such as Vienna, Zurich, New York, Jerusalem, and Berlin, and had dialogues with thinkers from both the left and the far right. The author of the book, Muller, relies on primary and secondary literature, archival materials, and interviews to document Taubes' life. The book also explores the processes of radicalization and deradicalization of intellectuals. [Extracted from the article]

After having explored the possibilities and limits of private correspondence to analyze the intellectual networks of exiles, this study reconstructs Rosa Chacel’s Mexican network on the basis of a set of letters exchanged in the period of 1954 to 1972 between Tomás Segovia, Inés Arredondo and Rosa Chacel. Our analysis is situated at the interdisciplinary intersection between network analysis, literary studies, and historical inquiry. From the point of view of network analysis, we identify the different actors in Chacel’s Mexican network, clarify its evolution, and we situate the Mexican contacts in the broader context of the transnational network built by Chacel during exile. With respect to the content and literary significance of these relationships, we delve into the functioning of Chacel’s Mexican network and highlight that it associates work and friendship by offering a large number of opportunities for professional collaboration in a warm and friendly family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundaries controversies in the Southern Pacific impacted on the theoretical and empirical discussion about uti possidetis juris during the 19th century sustained by the foreign policy decision -- makers of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru, which were also some of their most prominent public intellectuals. Thus, our main objective is to assess the aforementioned decision -- makers' theses in order to elucidate why the same arguments had given different solutions. Thereon, the method that we utilize is the fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to assess the ideas of the above -- mentioned intellectuals that are contained in their respective publications. As preliminary result, we argue that the perceived uncertainty of the decision -- maker about a particular solution is a necessary and sufficient cause for the absence of war. Our main finding is that, unlike the perceived uncertainty of alternative solutions to war, or the perceived uncertainty of alternative solutions to war, perceptions about regional balance of power are not relevant to achieve pacific solutions to international controversies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to problematize how indigenous Mexican intellectuals have occupied the academy as a trench of resistance in which little by little they are positioning the issues that involve them and their own communities. This research is approached from a dialogical ethnographic perspective, that is, an exploration that seeks to establish an approach that allows dialogue processes between indigenous intellectuals, men, and women who have been academically trained, mostly in the field of social sciences and humanities, and who maintain a commitment to indigenous communities. We find that access to the university and particularly the use of academic writing has made it possible, in the words of the indigenous intellectuals themselves, to move towards decolonization processes in which they claim the worldview of their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the clashes among leftist Mexican intellectuals at the beginning of the 1970s as a consequence of the Cuban Revolution. The correspondence of Laurette Séjourné, an archeologist of Italian origin based in Mexico, provides a source for identifying the tensions generated between those who had maintained an unconditional loyalty toward die Cuban regime and those who had distanced themselves following its Sovietization. This confrontation shows that the New Left was not an ideologically homogenous group and leads to questioning the use of this category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article broaches the relationship between the role of intellectuals in the Latin American sixties, the so-called "language of dissent" and the preponderant place that the essay had as a privileged discursive practice of these subjects. Through this genre in particular, the debates on commitment, militancy and the social and political role of literature acquire new dimensions by highlighting the interpretation that these intellectuals make of contemporaneity. The analysis of the dimensions that the language of dissent addresses in Mario Benedetti's essays offers us an excellent opportunity to reflect on the debates that they starred in the symbolic and intellectual field of those years. We will carry out, then, an analysis of those considerations that the role acquires and the redefinition that intellectual commitment acquires in the continental conjuncture. As we will be able to observe, a critical attitude, of situated commitment will be what leads him to be skeptical of phenomena such as the publishing boom. It then returns, once again, to the debate on the functionality of literature as an instrument of social change and cultural resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributism, an economic and political proposal made by the intellectuals Gilbert Keith Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, among others, is presented as a political, legal and economic proposal compatible with the vulnerable condition of the human being. First thing done in this reportis a characterization of the vulnerable condition of the person and analyze some of the underlying anthropology of the distribution, to indicate how this anthropology is based on the vulnerability of the human being. The article shows that distribution and its application are consistent with human vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the novel Tierra Caliente from three interrelated levels: 1) the representation of the human body in this work; 2) the career as a writer and politician of Jorge Ferretis, its author; and 3) the influence of the context on his work. In the first case, the importance of Pedro Ibáñez's body as the protagonist of the story is underlined. Secondly, the contrast between the once-public recognition of Ferretis and the scant attention he currently receives, even within San Luis Potosí, his home state, is pointed out. Third, it's argued that the preeminence of the body in the novel is not by chance: the author seems to have similarities with his character Pedro Ibáñez, but, above all, the Mexican Revolution would open a situation where the human body would be lived and expressed in a freer about past times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]