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Introduction: Cancer is a disease characterized by alterations in the cells, which results in change in the oncogenes in the tumor suppressor genes and genetic stability. Located in larynx cancer is one of the most common diseases in the otorhinolaryngologic pathology. The head and neck cancers account for 17.6% (108.064) of all malignancies reported to the registry Histopathological Neoplasms in Mexico (RHNM) in 2007. 62% are skin cancer. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal descriptive in 25 patients of the Central Military Hospital of the Archives of Pathology, pathological specimens, diagnosed as squamous cell cancer of the larynx for the study of it. Inclusion criteria: Samples of tissue with the histopathologic diagnosis of squamous cancer of the larynx. Exclusion criteria: tissue samples with no histological diagnosis of squamous cancer of the larynx. Insufficient sample quantity to perform immunohistochemistry. Results: In tissue samples from 25 patients the histological diagnosis of carcinoma of larynx: two healthy laryngeal tissue samples as controls, 13 with the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, five with a diagnosis of vocal cord cancer, two with the diagnosis of glottis cancer, one with the diagnosis of supraglottic cancer, one diagnosed with cancer and one arytenoid cartilage with the diagnosis of cancer in the pyriform sinus. We used the technique of immunohistochemistry lab Cell and Tissue Biology Tower Laboratory and the Military Medical School in the area of immunohistochemical Pathology Department of the Central Military Hospital, finding that the appropriate concentration of primary antibody anti-human TLR7 was 1:100. In the healthy laryngeal tissue samples showed that the expression of TLR7 is found exclusively in the cytoplasm of healthy epithelial cells, while respecting the cell nucleus. In tissue samples with the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer was observed that the expression of TLR7 is decreased in comparison with the expression of this receptor in tissue without cancer. Discussion: The immune system is a recognition system that functions as a sensor in the human body. Conclusions: The normal laryngeal epithelial cells express TLR7 significantly and larynx cancer cells express less TLR7. It is important to remember that this receptor ligands represent an important field of research and development of laryngeal cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]