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State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeterminacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to law and basic legal services constitutes a fundamental requirement of Rule of Law. The development of legal artificial intelligence apps providing better information and understanding of the Law applicable in each particular situation has blurred, even eliminating in some fields of legal practice, the distinction between “legal information” and “legal advice”. So, the combination of legal artificial intelligence, cloud computing and ICTs to produce “customised” legal knowledge and distribute it massively through the network is generating disruptive ways of legal service delivery that can help fill hitherto unattended pockets of basic legal needs. This requires, however, a new regulatory approach to legal services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the role played by the Attorney General's Office - hereinafter PGR - as an institution that is part of the Public Ministry, which dates back to 1939, in the exercise of the defense of the Labor Rights of municipal public servants. who belong to the administrative career of the department of San Salvador. The results reflect that the PGR plays an active and fundamental role in favor of Salvadorans. This institution has provided advice, and legal assistance, promoted administrative processes and procedures in the defense of the rights of Salvadorans. Citizens who need protection and who, for the most part, have limited economic resources. The PGR has provided a comprehensive service, which has served to guarantee the fullness of these rights in compliance with the constitutional obligations established in article 194 Romano II and the Organic Law of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic -hereinafter LOPGR-. The statistics analyzed show that 2021 was the year with the most advice provided by the PGR in the Unit for the Defense of Labor Rights of Public Servants. There was a total of 746 consultations on dismissals in the department of San Salvador. There is a clear increase in legal assistance and processes promoted in the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, however, the PGR completed each process until its final instance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the role of digital platforms in legal assistance for displaced populations, mentioning the experience of the Norwegian Refugee Council with the KOBLI platform. The transformative potential of these platforms is emphasized, but the importance of ethical considerations and avoiding harm is also warned. The need to address inequalities in access to technology and connectivity is mentioned. Additionally, the article discusses the legal assistance program in Lebanon that uses KOBLI as a complement to in-person and telephone assistance. It is emphasized that the digitization of legal assistance can promote security and dignity, but also presents risks in terms of accuracy, security, and perception of impersonality. The article concludes by mentioning that the Norwegian Refugee Council is exploring opportunities to expand access to the KOBLI platform internationally. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text aims to make visible the situations of violence experienced by Haitian women in Chile regarding biases between professionals working in health and legal services on the economic situation in Haiti and the "detachment" that these women would have from their childhoods. To this end, I begin with an overview of the situation of Afro-descendants in Latin America and the Caribbean, and then dwell on the specific situation of women in these territories. Finally, I present cases of extreme violence against Haitian women that occurred in Chile, between 2017 and 2021, data collected in fieldwork. The conclusions point to the need to understand the human rights of the Afro-descendant population and Haitian women from the rights of peoples, understanding motherhood and the reproduction of life as cultural and deeply communal issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Supreme Court of Spain's ruling on June 22, 2023 recognizes the right of animalist political parties to receive free legal assistance in cases related to the environment. The Animalist Party With the Environment (PACMA) challenged the denial of this right for an appeal before the Supreme Court. The court determined that political parties are included within the objective scope of recognition for non-profit organizations that protect the environment, as long as they meet the legal requirements. Therefore, PACMA's right to free legal assistance was recognized. The ruling also mentions other relevant judicial pronouncements regarding access to free justice in environmental matters. [Extracted from the article]

The Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as international treaties ratified by Chile, oblige the state to offer free legal assistance to those who require it, which is especially relevant in the criminal sphere. On the riots or social unrest that occurred in Chile in the last quarter of 2019 and early 2020, the Public Criminal Defense Office adopted a set of measures to offer legal defense to those who were detained or indicted by the criminal prosecution bodies. This research compares crime behavior in the country between 2017 and 2021 and identifies the social unrest crimes. These are a group of crimes whose frequency increased considerably during the turbulent months: 1) burglary, 2) public disorder, 3) disturbances to public order, and 4) attacks and threats against authorities. The volume and specificities of the social unrest crimes challenged the entire justice sector and, in doing so, made it possible to generate beliefs about the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. In contexts of social unrest, the generation of such beliefs seems especially important, because they can increase perceptions of injustice, enhancing the motivations that give rise to such unrest. Therefore, the operational reactions deployed in the Public Criminal Defense Office to ensure timely criminal defense services are explained. Good practices of the Public Criminal Defense Office that could be strengthened institutionally and normatively so that the justice sector is better prepared to face complex or unusual criminological phenomena, such as those that occurred during the social outburst, are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the collaboration between a local service provider in Cairo and refugee-led organizations to develop a decentralized network of community legal services. The goal is to protect the rights of refugees and promote their inclusion in broader decision-making processes. The legal aid program has had a positive impact by providing essential information on refugee services and rights, as well as offering services directly to communities. Despite limited resources, the RLOs in Cairo have remained open during the pandemic to address the urgent needs of vulnerable refugees and migrants. It is recommended to establish partnerships with RLOs, recognize their role, and replicate the legal aid program in other parts of the world. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transition towards a new culture for the management of conflicts and justice requires adopting decisions conducive to overcoming the traditional conceptions of litigation, installing the issue in the practice of the new social paradigms. This proposal is based on an approach on the need to incorporate the mediation service as an alternative method for conflict resolution to free legal assistance. It is a study that explains the possibility that people who require it have the means to exercise in mediation practices or facilitators for intrajudicial or extrajudicial conciliation in conflicts that the law admits as susceptible to solution through alternative methods. A review of the regulations that support this article is made and the arguments that support it are exposed. The work is based on a materialized fact and verifiable existence that fulfill the double function of giving free legal assistance to people who request it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ministry of Higher Education of Cuba goes through a process of updating and improving its training system. The members of the Project: Strengthening the Sciences of Education at the University of Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez», have detected difficulties in legal advice in the agricultural environment, since the articulation of Information Technologies and Communication to the training of the Law Degree. The objective of this presentation is to present a didactic strategy for the formation of the Law Degree in the agricultural environment applying technology. The general method used is the Census Criterion. The model used is the case study since a specific sample of Law Degree from the Group specialized in Agrarian Law of the Provincial Company of Legal Services of Sancti Spíritus is analyzed. This is an investigation based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative ones in the form of participatory observations, and the quantitative ones obtained from structured interviews with the Law Graduates of the Group specialized in Agrarian Law, their study and description of the documentation. The main theoretical result is the structuring of a didactic strategy and the main practical result is the development achieved by Law graduates in learning the contents of Agrarian Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major global, national, and regional public health problem. The present investigation sought to characterise the suicidal population of the Atacama Region between 2010-2017. It also describes the cases with previous attempts detected by the Health System. The analysis is based on 266 registered cases classified as suicides by the Legal Medical Service in the studied period. The annual regional and city rates are described, and the cases are compared by gender, age, cause of death, marital status, work activity, nationality, date of death and presence of substances. The behaviour observed is similar to the national one, which reflects evidence of a predominance of single men with an average age of 38.8 years, of different trades, who preferably used hanging. The study underscores the occurrence of suicides in the period October-January. The study raises the need to go deep into this problem, considering socio-environmental variables to explain the detected differences between cities and analysing the local data to favour prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Law Review / Revista de Educación y Derecho is the property of Revista de Educacion y Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, the process followed to determine the age of unaccompanied foreign minors is based solely on medical tests and could be seriously questioned for being unreliable and failing to fully respect the minors' privacy. According to experts, in particular the European Economic and Social Committee, a holistic multidisciplinary method would be a more suitable alternative as it would take into account the personal circumstances of each individual while calibrating the intrusiveness of the tests they have to undergo. This article describes the current process followed to determine the age of unaccompanied foreign minors and proposes an alternative that guarantees that minors in an irregular situation are protected under national child protection systems and the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. During the process of publishing this article, the Spanish Council of Ministers approved a Draft Law that regulates the age of unaccompanied foreign minors procedure. In this sense, a brief addendum is included herein in which the main modifications introduced by the aforementioned Preliminary Draft are listed in which, although there are issues that must be reviewed and/or require further reflection, an attempt is made to address the main controversial issues raised in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Education & Law Review / Revista de Educación y Derecho is the property of Revista de Educacion y Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Law Review / Revista de Educación y Derecho is the property of Revista de Educacion y Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 2030 Agenda integrates the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the SDG 4, quality education. The '2030 Agenda' proposes education for sustainable development as one of the pillars to achieve just, equitable, inclusive societies and in harmony with nature. Within this framework, legal clinic training is an inspiring model for strengthening education for sustainable development in the country. This paper presents the results of documentary research on real work cases of legal clinics in Colombia. In addition, it analyzes the work of various legal clinics across the world in order to explain the correspondence between the global legal clinic agenda and the 2030 Agenda. The paper finds that Colombian legal clinics play a relevant role in promoting sustainability through their integration in the SDG framework, having social justice at the core of their pedagogic goals and social projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of legal artificial intelligence is bringing about substantial changes in the practice of law that pose huge deontological challenges. One of the most important is building a universal deontology, capable of giving efficient answers to an increasingly globalized legal market. Furthermore, the irruption of legaltech companies that provide automated legal services is promoting a liberalization of the legal market that reveals the inadequacies of the deontological approach and calls for a new regulatory scheme of legal services. Finally, the article shows the potential of legal artificial intelligence to dissolve some basic categories of the deontology of legal profession, as well as the impact of certain AI tools on some lawyer’s ethical duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The "Gregorio Peces-Barba" Institute of Human Rights at Carlos III University of Madrid inaugurated the new academic year 2023-2024. During the inauguration ceremony, students who have decided to complete their education at the university were welcomed, and the study programs that will be offered during the course, including master's and doctoral studies, were presented. The event was held in a bimodal format, allowing the participation of people who were not on campus. In addition, other research and dissemination activities carried out at the Institute were announced, such as the Javier Romañach Cabrero Legal Clinic and the Institute's Workshops. The "The Time of Rights" Network Conference, which will take place in November at the University of Deusto in Bilbao, was also mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Since 2012, Colombia has a defined insolvency procedure for uncommercial individuals whose purpose is to stabilize the debtor financially and recover the debt for creditors. According to the regulatory framework, this procedure may be initiated free of charge with conciliation centers of legal clinics. However, and even though there is an urgent need for counseling and application of the procedure for insolvent people in vulnerable conditions, no university conciliation center in Bogotá provides this service as of 2019, seven years after the issuance of this procedure. This article derives from a research exercise whose aim is to determine the factors that would explain this situation. For this, we relate the concepts of poverty and economic precariousness to insolvency, elaborate on the purposes of the insolvency procedure for uncommercial individuals and the manifest weakness of insolvent debtors in Colombia, refer to the pedagogical and social objectives of legal clinics, and present the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The aim of this paper is to present a formal analysis of the local laws related to Mexican journalists' protection, and compare it with news workers' perceptions on this issue. The starting point is a theoretical discussion on the current risk of practicing journalism, and the need to provide local legal assistance. This is followed by an argumentative formal analysis of the local laws, complemented by a set of 55 semi-structured interviews with journalists from the same places, which were conducted between February 2017 and August 2018. The findings show three kinds of legal protection: social, civil, and physical. On the contrary, based upon their own experiences, reporters do not trust in those laws. The final argument is that the local context matters in order to understand how the protection measures operate in the most dangerous country in the world for journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the reform approved by Law 11/2023, of May 8, promoting the digitalization of the Property Registry and creating a fully electronic registry. This law approves the most important reform in recent years of the Mortgage Law, as well as various legislation related to the registry field. Within this analysis, the great advance that this legal reform has brought about this public institution is highlighted and the various technological tools that are going to be made available to the Property Registry are studied in detail and how will the internal functioning of this institution be affected. The Registry will make its legal services available to citizens in a completely electronic manner, without diminishing the legal security that it has been providing to society throughout its history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Gregorio Peces-Barba" Institute of Human Rights has inaugurated a new course in which in-person classes are resumed. During the inauguration ceremony, students from various programs, such as the Master's Degree in Advanced Studies in Human Rights and the Master's Degree in Fundamental Rights, were welcomed. After a period marked by the pandemic, the Institute has returned to normalcy, combining in-person classes with bimodal and online formats. Additionally, workshops and activities have been carried out in collaboration with other institutions. The Institute has also launched a call for the Javier Romañach Legal Clinic and has opened enrollment for new online master's degrees. [Extracted from the article]

When technology produces an improvement in the provision of public services, including legal services, they generate progress for citizens in accessing justice, generating a legaltech solution. The objective was to describe the benefits of legal technology or technology at the service of Law for the management of justice. Among the typical manifestations of the legaltech are the use of software in order to accelerate the procedures and facilitate the management of the lawyers' own tasks, and the use of online services that simplify the way to establish connection with clients. Precisely, within this last group, there are the so-called marketplaces for lawyers, online legal platforms or online platforms for lawyers commonly managed by legal startups. The use of these tools are affecting the nature of men's relationships, artificial intelligence algorithms are the means to determine their transparency, reliability and algorithmic civil responsibility of decisions at the time of administering justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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