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Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research sought to establish the existence of trends in the indices of climate extremes for the department of Caldas. The results were obtained from the analysis of historical series with a record superior to 30 years, 55 in the case of the study of the variables associated to precipitation and 10 in the case of the temperature variable. The analysis was performed using the RClimdex tool, which identified the presence of increasing and decreasing trends, in those stations that presented statistically significant differences (P Values <0.10) in the climatic indicators evaluated. This trend analysis of climatological variables allows to ensure with a level of confidence of 90% that in the department there could be an increase, both in the amount of precipitation and in the duration of the wet periods, but it is concluded that the strengthening of the network of stations in the territory in order to generate analysis of greater coverage, given that the absence of historical series in Magdalena Caldense, Occidente Prospero and Alto Occidente subregions is evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Partnerships for Innovation Program is a COLCIENCIAS initiative supported by Confecámaras, and it is intended to generate an innovative culture and way of thinking as well as the skills to design and develop innovative projects. The Chamber of Commerce of Manizales, Caldas (CCMPC) has led this program in the Coffee Region. The impacts of the Partnerships for Innovation Program have been identified through applied research of a descriptive nature which was developed by the Autonomous University of Manizales and the CCMPC in different sectors of the department of Caldas. Through the analysis of the indicators, the program achievements, and the barriers and drivers of innovation, the aforementioned impacts were evaluated in the nine (9) companies of the ITC sector that participated in the program. The results show advances in the strategy of training, management, and promotion of innovation which translate in to the following concrete results: 9% of cost savings, 22% of increase in sales, and a new product and a new service introduced into the market by each company. It must be emphasized that these companies know why to innovate and where the company is heading with such innovation. They must advance on specific issues such as collaborative culture and organizational learning for innovation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hepatitis E virus, a hepatotropic pathogen transmitted by water and contaminated food, is one of the main etiological agents on the planet of enteral transmission of acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E infections are usually self-limiting, but cases of chronic infection have been described in immunocompromised patients. While self-limiting infections do not require treatment, chronic infections should be treated because of risk of progression to cirrhosis and/or extra-hepatic manifestations. In Colombia, hepatitis E infections are not included in the routine diagnosis of viral hepatitis, despite evidence of its presence in the country. The objective of this review is to provide a general description of the hepatitis E virus and the natural history of infections and to highlight studies carried out in Colombia showing its presence in the country. The review was carried out through a search in the PUBMED, SCIELO and ScienceDirect databases for of original papers and subject reviews published between 1983 and 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian altillanura is a microregion that typifies a extensive cattle production system which requires the use of adapted grasses responding to nitrogen fertilization to improve yield and nutritional quality grassland to intensify livestock production systems. The study was conducted at the Taluma station of Corpoica, located at 04°34'25" West and 71°20'10"" North in the town of Puerto López (Meta, Colombia), under conditions of climate and soil of the Colombian altillanura. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and nutritional behavior of genotypes of Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 16315, 16467, 26990, 26124, 6387 and Mulato II as control, handled single nitrogen fertilization and associated with the legume Kudzú (Pueraria phaseoloides). Design of randomized complete block arrangement in divided stripes, where the plot corresponded to the forage grass strip and the level of nitrogen fertilization was used (N46, N92, and N46 + P. phaseoloides). Accessions with greater biomass production (p < 0.001) were B. brizantha CIAT 16315 (2040 kgDM.ha-1), B. brizantha CIAT 16467 (1864 kgDM. ha-1) and B. brizantha CIAT 6387 (2033 kgDM.ha-1). Treatment grasses + N92 (kgN.ha-1) values had significantly (p <0.001) higher in CP (9.55%) and degradability of forage (65.7%) and lower dry matter content (37.05 %%), NDF (61.97%) and FDA (30.55%) compared with the response of grasses fertilized with 46 kgN.ha-1 and grasses associated with Kudzú and fertilized with 46 kgN.ha-1. For higher CP content (p <0.001), materials B. brizantha CIAT 16315 (8.34%) and CIAT 26124 (8.06%) which did not differ significantly with grazing Mulato II (8.18%). The results demonstrated the importance of nitrogen fertilization on the production and nutritional quality pastures B. brizantha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cuarzo (REC) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Juan N. Corpas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of the supplementation with concentrate feed (C0: control; C5: 5% of the ME requirements; C10: 10 % of the ME requirements) on the ruminal degradability of diets for dairy cows based on Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala, was evaluated through the in vitro gas production (GP) technique. To formulate the diets it was assumed that the animals weighed 480 kg, that they were in their third lactation and produced 10 kg of milk per day, which is representative of the dairy farm where the feed samples were taken. The in vitro GP, the gas production parameters (b, c, L), the in vitro dry matter digestibility (I VDMD), the metabolizable energy (ME) and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were estimated, which were compared through a variance analysis, in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three repetitions. The diets were incubated in vitro, and for such purpose ruminal inoculum from clinically healthy Limousine cows was used. The supplementation with concentrate feed linearly increased (p < 0,01) the gas production at 24 h and 48 h; while at 96 h the effect was quadratic (p < 0,05), with the lowest value for C5. The I VDMD and ME (p < 0,001), as well as the SCFA (p < 0,05), increased linearly with the increase of the concentrate feed, although in C10 the IVDMD was lower; nevertheless, the ME and SCFA increased. It is concluded that in diets based on P. maximum and L. leucocephala the addition of concentrate feed in 5 % did not have effect on the ME or on the production of SCFA, for which it is necessary to add at least 10 % of this supplement to the diet, based on the ME requirements of the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ornitologia Colombiana is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Kronos is the property of Revista Kronos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Kronos is the property of Revista Kronos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de harina de soya, en forma de reactivo para simular el efecto de un concentrado proteínico, en la digestibilidad in vitro de la harina de piscidium (vainas) de moringa. Se evaluaron nueve tratamientos de piscidium de moringa:soya (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 20:80 y 0:100), con un diseño completamente aleatorizado y tres réplicas por cada tratamiento. Se observó un incremento en la producción de gas con el aumento del porcentaje de inclusión de soya; la digestibilidad verdadera tuvo un comportamiento similar. En cambio, la producción de biomasa microbiana alcanzó su mayor valor con la inclusión de la soya al 10%. Se concluye que la adición de la soya mejora la digestibilidad de las vainas de moringa, y que la eficiencia óptima de aprovechamiento de esta dieta se alcanza con la inclusión del 10% de soya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the objective of evaluating the productive performance of crossbred does, a total of 24 animals were used, between 10 and 18 months old, with average weight higher than 3,0 kg, during four months. The does ate a diet constituted by mulberry (Morus alba) forage: 0,30 kg; ground sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum): 0,25 kg; glycine (Neonotonia wightii): 0,40 kg and homemade concentrate: 0,06 kg. The young rabbits were weighed at birth, 20 and 45 days after birth. In the does the offspring born alive and weaned per parturition, were controlled. As average, 6,4 live rabbits were obtained per parturition, with 0,054 kg LW at birth and 5,4 rabbits were weaned being 45 days old and weighing 0,694 kg. In addition, 84,4% survival was found during the lactation stage. The mean daily gain during lactation was 0,014 kg/ animal/day. The results proved that with the proposed diet encouraging productive indicators were obtained in crossbred does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the productive performance of growing heifers, in systems with association of grasses and leucaena, 15 F1 (Holstein x Zebu) and 15 creole crossbred heifers were studied in unit 2 of the UBPC "Ramón Paz", belonging to the Livestock Production Firm Martí, Matanzas. The work was conducted between July, 2005 and June, 2006; the stocking rate was 1,3 animals/ha. The main measurements were: floristic composition of the pastureland, pasture and leucaena availability, as well as monthly weighing of the animals. In addition, the chemical composition of the soil and the bromatological composition of the feedstuffs were determined. Total dry matter availability per hectare was low in March-April and May-June (0,81 and 0,60 t DM/ha/rotation, respectively) and the highest value was observed in July-August (3,9 t DM/ha/rotation). The F1 animals were incorporated to reproduction weighing 308,8 kg and at the age of 28,6 months, and the creole crossbred heifers were incorporated weighing 336,8 kg and with 26,9 months of age; while the live weight gains were from moderate to low and similar for both genotypes (361,1 and 383,8 g/animal/day, respectively). The results suggest that the two genotypes have a similar performance, regarding the analyzed indicators, for these productive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trial was conducted for 40 days in the small animal facility of the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages "Indio Hatuey", with the objective of evaluating the inclusion of Albizia lebbeck meal in a home-made concentrate feed with different energy-protein supplements, to feed fattening rabbits. Twenty-six healthy crossbred animals, 60 days old and with 0,94 (±0,10) kg of weight, were used in a completely randomized design with two treatments (13 animals each); they were: A) 100% sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) vines and B) 70% sweet potato vines + 30% home-made concentrate feed elaborated with A. lebbeck meal and different energy-protein supplements. The feed was supplied in the morning (9:00-10:00 a.m.) and the afternoon (3:00-4:00 p.m.). Significant differences were found in the final weight of the animals (A-1,47 kg and B-1,62 kg). The best live weight gains were observed in the supplemented treatment B (16,3 g/animal/day), which were higher (P<0,01) than those in treatment A (12,6 g/animal/day). The best results were concluded to be obtained when the diet was composed by 70% sweet potato vines plus 30% home-made concentrate feed. To conduct further studies up to slaughter weight of the animals is recommended, in order to evaluate other productive and health indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of evaluating the productive and reproductive performance of different double purpose breed genotypes from the Holstein x Zebu crossings, 75 pregnant heifers were selected, 25 per group from genotypes Siboney (5/8 H x 3/8 Z), Mambí (¾ H x ¼ Z) and crossbred Siboney (5/8 H x 3/8 Z), in a completely randomized design, which made up a common group with access to the same management and feeding. The heifers were incorporated to reproduction after reaching 300 kg live weight and an average age of 28,6 months; they were managed in a dairy unit with trees, with a stocking rate of 1,6 animals/ha, and rotated in 28 paddocks. Pasture availability and daily offer of forages and supplements were measured monthly. Body condition was controlled and the thoracic perimeter was measured; milk production per cow was fortnightly checked, and the lactation duration and production and reproductive indicators were determined. The Mambí genotype was superior (P<0,01), with 1 840 kg/lactation of 288 days; while the best reproductive indicators (P<0,001) corresponded to crossbred Siboney, which parturition-parturition interval was 397 days, with 1,7 matings/pregnancy and a better body condition at the end of the dry season (2,55), which confirms that the feedstuffs supplied covered the nutritional requirements of primiparous cows without affecting their dairy potential. Crossbred Siboney was integrally the most outstanding genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of evaluating the bioproductive and economic potential of herds from different double purpose racial genotypes (Holstein × Zebu) in associations of legume trees with grasses, three dairy units were selected with 80 cows each, including the genotypes Mambí (¾ H × ¼ Z), Siboney (5/8 H × 3/8 Z) and F1 (½ H × ½ Z), respectively. Dry matter availability of the pastures and intake of complementary feedstuffs were determined, as well as the productive indicators of the herds and the incomes. No remarkable differences were found among herds regarding DM availability and contribution of pasture to the diet. Values of whole milk production of 7,2; 6,8 and 6,7 and corrected milk values of 9,1; 9,3 and 9,8 kg/cow/day were obtained for the breeds Mambí, Siboney and F1, respectively. Milk sale prices were higher than 90 cents in the three herds, with profits higher than 10 000 pesos. It is concluded that there were no noticeable differences, in terms of milk production, among genotypes; the economic differences in favor of genotype F1 are given by its rusticity and adaptation to the grazing environment. On the other hand, the productive sustainability of the rational silvopastoral system technology during 10 years of exploitation was proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento productivo de vacas Holstein en sistemas asociados de Leucaena leucocephala y Cynodon nlemfuensis, sin la aplicación de fertilizante químico, se realizó el presente trabajo en dos vaquerías: las unidades 98 y 100 de la Empresa Genética de Matanzas, Cuba, las cuales tenían un área de pastos de 35,5 ha y 3 ha para la producción de forraje de caña de azúcar. Se determinó la producción de leche . por vaca en ordeño y la producción por vaca total, así como la influencia del bimestre de producción, la época del año y el año en el comportamiento productivo. La leucaena tuvo valores de PB superiores al 20% y la gramínea entre 7,4-9,5%; la disponibilidad de MS fue de 3,4 y 2,5 t/ha/rotación para el período lluvioso y el poco lluvioso, respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias significativas dentro de cada vaquería para el efecto bimestre de producción. A su vez, el 86 y 65% de las vacas tuvieron una condición corporal (CC) entre 3,0 y 3,5 para el período lluvioso y el poco lluvioso, respectivamente. La producción de leche promedio de las vacas, para la CC de 2,5; 3,0; 3,5 y 4,0 fue de 6,5; 8,0; 7,7 y 6,0 kg/vaca/día, respectivamente. Se concluye que el sistema presentó una aceptable disponibilidad de MS (3 t/ha/rotación) y los animales mantuvieron una condición corporal favorable para la producción de leche, con valores de 6,8-8,8 kg/vaca/día. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A total of 105 Mambí heifers were studied in a multi-associated silvopastoral system, in the dairy 066 of the Livestock Genetic Firm of Matanzas, with the objective of evaluating the influence of the body condition of the heifers at parturition on the postpartum reproductive performance. The area of the unit is 47 ha, of which 42 ha were dedicated to grazing, divided into 37 paddocks, and the other 5 were used for forage production from sugarcane. The stocking rate was 1,7 cows/ha. The body condition (BC) of the heifers at parturition was monitored, the live weight of the animals was estimated, the feeding balance for the nine months-pregnant cows was calculated and the reproductive indicators were determined. A slight energy deficiency of 5% was found only in the dry season, while there was excess of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in both seasons. The BC of the heifers at parturition was above 3 in all the two-month periods of the year, with the highest values in July-August (3,5) and the lowest in May-June (3,1); besides, in both seasons the average BC of the animals was similar (3,3). The weight of the calves at birth did not show differences for the different ranges of BC and it was between 36,5 and 38,7 kg/animal. The cows that gave birth with 2,5 BC showed a parturition-first service interval (P<0,05) and parturition-pregnancy interval (P<0,01) significantly higher (170 and 258, respectively) than the ones that gave birth with a BC between 3 and 4 (90-125 and 120-175 for the parturition-first service (PSI) and parturition-pregnancy (PPI) intervals, respectively). The number of services per pregnancy was also higher (P<0,01) in the cows that gave birth with 2,5 BC (3) as compared to the ones that did with 3-4 BC ( 1,5-1,7). The results showed that the first parturition Mambí heifers that gave birth with a BC lower than 3 showed worse reproductive indicators than those of the heifers with BC equal to or higher than 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to evaluate the inclusion of the Sorbifauna probiotic on milk production and its quality of Holstein × Zebu cows which grazed in an association of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham and Megathyrsus maximus cv. Likoni; the study was conducted in the period May-June, 2013, at the Pastures and Forages Research Station Indio Hatuey. Twelve cows (clinically healthy) were used in a Switch Back design, with three treatments: A: grazing in the association + 60 g of additive, B: grazing in the association + 90 g of additive, and C: grazing in the association + 120 g of additive. The pasture availability and milk production were measured, for which the average initial milk production, (10,0 ± 2,2 kg), in 84 ± 54 days of lactation, was taken into consideration. In addition, the fat, protein, lactose and total solid percentages were determined. The milk production was 11,9; 12,1 and 12,2 kg/cow/day, without significant differences among the treatments, just like for fat (3,8; 4,0 and 3,9 %) and protein (3,3; 3,4 and 3,4 %); in the lactose and total solids a similar performance was also obtained. It is concluded that there were no significant differences in the milk production and quality in medium-potential cows when including the Sorbifauna probiotic in a silvopastoral system, for which it is recommended to evaluate it in grass systems without fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the antiproliferative and genotoxic activity of a fraction (T4 fraction) of the Colombian Caribbean marine sponge Topsentia ophiraphidites, with cytotoxic activity. Materials and methods. T4 fraction from the marine sponge Topsentia ophiraphidites was provided by the group of marine natural products from Universidad de Antioquia. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated by cloning efficiency tests, accumulation function, and proliferative kinetics by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), genotoxic activity was evaluated by SCE and gel electrophoresis of individual cells (Comet assay). All tests were performed on Jurkat and CHO cell lines. Results. The T4 fraction affected the cell cycle of CHO cells and presented chronic genotoxic damage in Jurkat cells. Conclusions. It is recommended to evaluate the T4 fraction in other derived tumor cell lines, in order to observe a possible differential effect, and to evaluate antimicrobial and antimalarial activities among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with corn distillery residues on the performance of heifers in an association of grass and leucaena. The study was conducted in an area of the Experimental Station "Indio Hatuey" , Perico municipality, Matanzas province, Cuba. The prevailing pasture species was Panicum maximum cv. Likoni and as legume, Leucaena leucocephala. Eighteen heifers, distributed in a completely randomized design in three groups of six animals, were used; the control group did not receive supplementation (A), and the other two groups were supplemented with corn distillery residues in 10% (B) and 20% (C) of the protein requirements with regards to live weight. The chemical composition, dry matter availability, live weight gain, parasite infestation and hematocrit were determined. When analyzing the daily gain per treatments, significant differences (P<0,05) were found and the highest values were obtained in treatment C (805 g/animal/day); while A and B showed 479 and 572 g/animal/day, respectively. The hematocrit values (between 28,1 and 30,5%), as well as the egg count, were maintained, without significant differences among treatments. The supplementation with distillery corn residues was concluded to influence positively the mean daily gain, and it also maintained the hematocrit values within the recommended range for cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento productivo de machos de doble propósito Holstein x Cebú se realizó un experimento durante 288 días, en el cual se seleccionaron 32 añojos de 12 meses de edad, que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos de ocho animales cada uno, pertenecientes a los genotipos: F1 (H x C), Siboney mestizo, Siboney y Mambí, los cuales pastorearon en un silvopastoreo constituido por Leucaena leucocephala . y Panicum maximum cv. Likoni dividido en 10 cuartones. Se empleó una carga de tres animales por hectáreas, los cuales se pesaron mensualmente para determinar los cambios de peso vivo, las ganancias y la invasión de garrapatas. Se determinó la disponibilidad de MS y la composición química del pastizal para el período lluvioso y el poco lluvioso. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la ganancia de peso; los valores fueron de 0,691a; 0,472b; 0,363b y 0,370b para F1, Siboney mestizo, Siboney y Mambí, respectivamente. Similar respuesta se obtuvo en el conteo de garrapatas, donde F1 resultó significativamente inferior al resto (3,83a; 7,63b; 8,18b y 8,63b para cada genotipo). De acuerdo con los resultados las mejores ganancias se obtuvieron en el F1, seguido de Siboney mestizo, Siboney y Mambí. Además la menor cantidad de garrapatas se encontró en el F1, vinculado al menor porcentaje de sangre Holstein y al mayor grosor de la piel, lo cual puede ser una característica adecuada para valorar la resistencia de los bovinos a la invasión de las garrapatas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se evaluó el comportamiento de los indicadores productivos de vacas Mambí (¾ Holstein x ¼ Cebú) de Cuba en una asociación de gramíneas mejoradas y . Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham, en una vaquería de la Empresa Genética de Matanzas. El pesaje de leche se realizó durante dos años al 100% de los animales en ordeño, con una frecuencia mensual. Se determinó la producción de leche por vaca en ordeño y la producción por vaca total, así como la influencia del bimestre de producción, la época del año, el número de la lactancia y el año, en el comportamiento productivo. Se alcanzó coincidencia entre la curva real y potencial de producción de leche, con una eficiencia superior al 85%; los mayores valores se obtuvieron en el período lluvioso. Al analizar la producción de leche por bimestre los mejores resultados se alcanzaron en julio-agosto. Además se lograron valores de producción por lactancia de 2 030-2 159 kg y por hectárea de 2 744-3 025 kg. A su vez, cuando se analizó el efecto de la época del año en el peso de los terneros al nacer no se encontraron diferencias significativas; los valores fueron superiores a 37,5 kg para ambos períodos. Se concluye que con la asociación de gramíneas mejoradas y leucaena se obtuvieron producciones totales, por lactancia y por hectárea aceptables, lo cual conllevó un adecuado nivel de rentabilidad en la vaquería, con ganancias superiores a los 1 000 pesos por hectárea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a dairy of the Genetic Enterprise of Matanzas, a work was carried out for five years, with the objective of characterizing the performance of the plant community in an association of improved grasses and Leucaena leucocepkala cv Cunningham under commercial conditions. The botanical composition of the pastureland, tree density, dry matter availability and DM, CP, Ca and P contents of the species present in the system were determined. The botanical composition of the pastureland was characterized by a percentage of improved pastures higher than 50%, with predominance of Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Jamaicano and Panicum maximum cv. Likoni; while leucaena maintained plant density, as an adaptation to the conditions of the system. The total dry matter availability was higher than 3 t/ha/rotation during the experimental stage. It is concluded that in the association of improved grasses and L. leucocepkala cv. Cunningham there was high dry matter availability and persistence of the grassland during the five years of evaluation, with values of CP in the improved grasses of 9,6-9,8% and in leucaena of 25%, applying neither irrigation nor chemical fertilizers, which allowed to attenuate the differences between the rainy and dry seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debido a que no existen antecedentes de evaluaciones que incluyan ensilajes mixtos de morera (Morus alba Linn) con hierba de guinea (Panicum maximum cv. Likoni), resulta importante hallar la mejor combinación de ambos forrajes, como alternativa para aprovechar los excedentes de biomasa durante el período lluvioso y obtener un ensilaje con un alto valor nutricional, sin disminuir la calidad fermentativa. Los tratamientos de Morera:hierba de guinea fueron los siguientes: a) 100:0, b) 90:10, c) 80:20, d) 70:30, e) 50:50, f) 30:70 y g) 0:100. Los forrajes fueron presecados antes de su conservación. Los ensilajes se realizaron por triplicado en bolsas de nailon herméticas de 3 kg de capacidad. El tiempo de conservación se prefijó a los 60 días. Los análisis fueron: materia seca, proteína bruta, proteína soluble/proteína total (%), N-NH3/Nt (%) y pH. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue un completamente aleatorizado. Los resultados indicaron que la inclusión de morera entre el 10 y 30% permitió obtener los mejores valores de materia seca para la conservación (32-37%). La proteína bruta presentó incrementos en la medida que la Morera aumentó y alcanzó 8,6% con el 30%. La combinación de los forrajes indujo disminuciones en la relación proteína soluble/proteína bruta (%), con los resultados menos eficientes cuando ambos forrajes se conservaron por separado. El N-NH3/Nt (%) fue menor que 10% en los tratamientos con morera hasta su inclusión al 70%. La introducción de la morera ocasionó una tendencia a la disminución del pH de los ensilajes, sobre todo en el tratamiento con 30% (5,3). La evaluación integral de los indicadores demostró que la proporción de 70:30 era la más efectiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the productive indicators of first lactation Mambí cows (¾ Holstein × ¼ Zebu) in a silvopastoral system of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham associated with Cynodon nlemfuensis and Panicum maximum 52, 71 and 72 cows were used, as average, in the first, second and third year of the experimental stage. The productive indicators measured were: production per two-month-period, per year, per lactation and per hectare. The highest milk productions (10 kg/cow/day) occurred in the July-August production period, but with no significant differences among seasons; while the lactation curve had a highly significant adjustment (P<0,01). On the other hand, an individual milk production was obtained in the first year higher than the one reached in the other two years, with significant differences for P<0,05 (9,6; 8,7 and 8,6 kg/cow/day for the first, second and third year, respectively); while the total cumulative production had an opposite performance. Production per lactation values of 2 070,3; 2 065,1 and 2 045,8 kg and a lactation duration of 267, 269 and 287 days were obtained for each year, respectively. The results suggest that the silvopastoral system allows to obtain milk productions between 8,6 and 9,6 kg/cow/day and productions per lactation from 2 045,8 to 2 070,3 kg. The association of leucaena with the improved grasses was concluded to have a favourable influence on the productive indicators of first lactation Mambí cows under commercial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents results from different production systems in which perennial ligneous plants are used as a way to develop reforestation, and, thus, to contribute to recover soil fertility, the habitat of the wild fauna and animal production, through grazing-browsing. One characteristic of tree and shrub legumes is their high nutritive value. Protein contents of the foliage ranged from 11.6 to 24.9% and except Bauhinia all the species were above 20%. Organic matter digestibility (OMD), was 50.7-77.1%, with the best result in mulberry, and the lowest percentage in Erithrina. The results reached with the medium tree densities are higher than 8 liters of milk per animal per day without irrigation or agrochemical products, managed with Holstein-Zebu animals. Body condition maintained values between 32 and 3.3 after parturition until 240 days of lactation, and no differences were found between seasons. The hematocrit was characterized by values between 28.8 and 29.7 g/l during the year; however, in the analysis per productive categories, 8-month-pregnant heifers were found to have a higher value (30.9 g/l) than the one shown by the problem cows (27.3 g/l). The systems with high shrub density and rational management stood a high grazing pressure and had productions higher than 8 l/cow without calf lactation. Everything seems to indicate that the main limitation of these systems is energy. For the extension of the results, socioeconomic studies were performed in a cattle raising municipality with the objective of mobilizing creativity and developing an efficacious system for producers, which would contribute to mutual understanding as well as promoting the efficacious and efficient use of resources, in order to propitiate sustainable development in cattle exploitation. For this the MARPS methodology (Analytical, Reflexive, and Participatory Mapping of Sustainability) elaborated by the International Union for the Protection of Nature was used. In the results, the sustainability level of the municipality analyzed is observed to be in intermediate levels, in the aspects related to the productive base (employment, income, standard of living), speaking in social terms, the levels are low compared to the ones found in Cuba, and the aspects related to health, education and social organization have high standards. The technology of using perennial woody plants in cattle raising areas contributed to improve production levels; however, for its successful adoption it is necessary to apply approaches and tools which allow to implement strategies of sustainable development in a participatory manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation and calibration of two whole body counters for determination of Cs-137 body activity in children is described. The results of measurements of 4506 children coming from affected areas due to Chernobyl accident from Republics of Ukrainian, Russian and Belaruss, and who received medical atention in Cuba is presented. Instalations, equipment and calibration phantoms used are described. The values of measured activity is relationed with the place of origin groups of age and the form of feeding. The measured activity values range from 1,5 to 565 Bq/kg, and have a log-normal character for each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]