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Copyright of Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud is the property of Ciencia, Tecnologia y Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following article studies the effects of the competition for funds among Chilean municipalities. For this, a group of local officers with experience bidding to the Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (fndr) was interviewed. Regardless of its local relevance the competition for capital funds has been commonly scrutinized from a hierarchical perspective isolated from the administrative processes that took place before and after the fund's distribution. The article shows that the competition for fndr funds, despite securing the social return of investment, would favour better-off municipalities with larger populations jeopardizing the accomplishment of its objectives. Also, local projects would tend to seek central government compliance at the expense of what was locally proposed, evidencing an asymmetry between local and central officers. Finally, the competition would encourage the design of projects from a smaller magnitude and more visible for the community, thus affecting the development of the municipalities and the communities that inhabit them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Médico Sociales is the property of Colegio Medico de Chile (A.G.) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To contribute with hold up elements in the sociological theory to look for an explanation of the rhythm and democratization direction that Mexico lives, showing the theoretical base that explains, on one hand the influence of the social environment culture in the individuals behavior, and on the other hand the process the individuals go through to learn and the use for such cultural facts in their actions as reference. This article has been undertaken through a documental revision, supported by the national enquiry about political culture and civil performances 2003, done under the supervision of the Mexican government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting at the already surveyed state of the issue that 3rd and 4th primary grade teachers have on the child text production processes, this project continues focusing on the teachers' point of view and their assimilation processes regarding the available knowledge on this topic, as a result of recent psychogenetic and psycholinguistic researches. We know that the representation that teachers have of the child intellectual processes influences in their pedagogical-didactic practices. We work on three schools already connected in prior researches (in Cordoba City, Cordoba province and San Juan city). A non-formal, semi-distance training dispositive will be implemented. It includes analysis of child productions as well as bibliography and multimedia material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper displays the results of an empirical research which analyzes texts written by children from 3° and 4° years of two public primary schools in the province of Córdoba. Word repetition produced by children in the process of writing is studied and related to the presence, absence and use of punctuation signs. We develop the hypothesis which places repetitions in the genesis of punctuation signs in the context of text production. The first steps of a study on teachers' perspective on the matter are finally included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author presents an alternative solution for the creation of secure spaces for pedestrians and cyclists. The proposal is based in the detailed diagnosis of the actual situation of both groups, and the critical revision of the measures realized in Bogotá and European cities. The author proposes the utilization of one of the two ruts of the roads in housing quarters, creating a red of lanes for cyclists and pedestrians all over the city. While the proposition is based on studies in Santiago de Cali, el author believes that the diagnosis and the solution might be applicable also in other cities of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the deficiencies of the current system of public transportation in Cali, especially the negative effects of the so called "war for the cents." This system affects greatly passengers, bus drivers, transportation companies, citizens, and also the local economy. The deficiencies are explained as a logical consequence of the "war for the cents" and all its structural elements. Finally, a proposal is presented for the creation of a more efficient, agreeable, quicker, cheaper, and for an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable public transportation system. The purpose is to demonstrate that it is possible to improve substantially the public transportation system through a profound reorganization of public transportation system, without an expensive investment in technology of a subway or light rail train. We intent to demonstrate that this reorganization will significantly improve the environmental situation, create conditions of social equity, contribute to reduce poverty and in one way improve the efficiency of the bus companies in Santiago de Cali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers' gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which "sí, pero (yes, but) + negation", "aunque (even though)", "no, pero (no, but) + assertion" and "a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)" stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus) has been used as a model for medical, biological and molecular research, for a long time. It is an interesting fact that there are no detailed descriptions of the gross anatomy of the liver and its ways of fixation. The aim of this study is to define clearly and according to the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria principles, the liver and its way of fixation in this species of laboratory mammal. Eighty-eight rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used, with a weight between 250 and 450 g. They were dissected in fresh, after been euthanized by an overdose of thiopental sodium intraperitoneal. An incision from the xiphoid cartilage up to the pubic region was made and another on each costal arch toward dorsal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]