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Introduction: The optimal design of technologies for the production of combined assortments, constitutes a profitable alternative for the development of the cultivation of Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) and its industrializable products. Objective: To develop the economic optimization for the design of a combined assortment plant of Manihot esculeta Crantz by semi-mechanized way. Materials and Methods: A hybrid semi-mechanized scheme was devised for the combined production of starch, cassava and flour. A second order extreme vertex design (EVD) was generated for the distribution of cassava in the three productions, and the quadratic models obtained for profit (G), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period (DRP) were optimized. For the evaluation of the indicators, the design of the basic equipment and the material and energy balances were developed. Results and Discussion: The multipurpose semi-mechanized technology uses the same initial stages for the three processes and a common pneumatic drying for the starch and flour processes. The optimal operating parameters correspond to a profit of 236 882 USD/year, a NPV of 1 242 730 USD, an IRR of 33.10 % and a DRP of 3.97 years, and are achieved for a distribution of 60 % for starch, 10 % for cassava and 30 % for flour. Conclusions: With the raw material distribution that optimizes economic and profitability indicators, production feasibility is guaranteed with energetic and environmental compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios is the property of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios, Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the El Mambí vegetable canning factory, in Camagüey, the generation of wastewater is approximately 36 930.0 m3/year. The main generating sources are those linked to production and auxiliary services. These waters have a high polluting load. The objective of this work is to design a wastewater treatment technology, which allows compliance with the standards for dumping their pollutant load, through the integration of physical, chemical and biological methods. These waters were characterized at the Camagüey Environmental Engineering Center. The plant was designed in two lines: the one for wastewater and the one for produced sludge. The optimal dilution rate calculated in the aerator allows maximum removal productivity to be achieved. The estimated total investment cost amounts to $ 4 437 675, 51. The technical-economic evaluation of the variant for twenty years indicates a favorable decision in terms of making the investment, with a net present value (NPV) of $ 3 137 816,25; internal rate of return (IRR) of 23,51 % and (PRI) 4,25 years, which shows an adequate value according to the current trend of recovery of investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ager: Journal of Depopulation & Rural Development Studies / Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural is the property of Rolde de Estudios Aragoneses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The production of phosphoric acid as a source of numerous phosphate products represents one pf the issues of greatest economic interest for Cuba today. The industry of this product derives a series of phosphates that can be used in the production of fertilizers, which, in our country, is very scarce and has a high demand. In addition, there are natural reserves of phosphorite rock that can be used to produce phosphoric acid, develop the fertilizer industry and in turn boost agriculture and the national economy. The objective of this work is to propose the preliminary design of a chemical plant to obtain phosphoric acid from Cuban phosphorite. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out that provided very useful data for the process and from it the production scheme was established with fundamental stages of chemical reaction, filtration and evaporation. The corresponding material balances were made and the necessary equipment was determined, which includes reactors, press filters and an evaporator. Finally, the economic evaluation was carried out through the determination of profitability indicators, which revealed a net present value of $10 205 137,34, an internal rate of return of 65% and an investment recovery period of approximately 1,8 years, which demonstrates that the process of obtaining phosphoric acid from phosphorite is economically viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study proposed to estimate the carbon equivalent (CO2e) generated by livestock activity in the Amazon piedmont and how it relates to economic benefits. Profitability indicators (such as net present value, benefit-cost ratio and single rate of return) were calculated and CO2e emissions from operational, administrative and marketing activities were estimated for a sample of 60 farms located in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. Cluster analysis was used as a multivariate technique to determine typologies according to the socioeconomic characteristics of producers and production levels of the farms. An econometric model was proposed to find the marginal CO2e emission attributed to utility generation, whose theoretical and statistical validity used the maximum likelihood estimator and hypothesis testing of means. Two types of farms were found according to economic and environmental factors: simple accumulation livestock systems and subsistence livestock systems. The impact of livestock activity on the environment is observable through the carbon footprint: for each million pesos generated in profits, 0.033 Mg of CO2e are emitted, while for each cattle introduced, 1.337 Mg of CO2e are emitted. A carbon footprint of 3.1 Mg CO2e.ha-1 was estimated for the farms. These data provide environmental and economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability and show the impact of livestock activity on the emission of greenhouse gases, which has led to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) sources in electrical distribution systems is addressed in this article through the application of the black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA). This problem is of mixed-integer nonlinear nature and is addressed by a master-slave type optimization strategy. In the master stage, the BWOA defines the location and size of the PV generators through discrete-continuous coding, and with this information, the slave stage (power flow for distribution) determines the electrical variables of the system, with which is evaluated the objective function and the constraints of the problem. As an objective function, the minimization of the annual costs of operation and maintenance of the system is considered, added to the total costs of purchasing energy in the electrical network for a planning period of 20 years. The numerical results in the IEEE 34- and IEEE 85-node systems show that with the proposed optimization methodology it is possible to reduce around 27% of the annual operating costs in both systems with the optimal location of three photovoltaic sources. Comparisons with metaheuristics and exact methodologies reported in the specialized literature confirm the efficiency and robustness of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroindustrial waste has a high potential for use thanks to its varied chemical composition, which is evidenced by the diversity of existing alternatives for its subsequent reuse. In the present study, the design of a biorefinery is proposed with the use of sugar cane bagasse as biomass to obtain second-generation products, considering alternatives that consider the use of liquor and solid residual. The SuperPro Designer® v.10e program was used to carry out the corresponding simulations and determine the by-products of greatest economic interest, based on a comparison of indicators, such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), period return on investment (PRI) and return on investment (ROI), provided by the simulator. The results showed that the xylitolpellets configuration is the most viable, considering that from an initial investment of $52,145,000, the biorefinery obtained a NPV of $122,612,000, an IRR of 34.14% and a PRI of 2, 1 year. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out considering the different dynamic indicators, through the need for the unit sale price of xylitol. Finally, the economic analysis showed the viability of the production of xylitol and pellets with sugar cane bagasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Chondracanthus chamissoi is a red alga endemic to the Peruvian coast that is distributed from Piura (Peru) to Chiloé (Chile), whose largest productions occur in the Ica Region, and which is the basis of the economic livelihood of more than 500 families of artisanal fishermen of the area. Objective. The main objective of the study was to carry out an economic analysis of the production of this alga from a bottom crop, carried out by the Cooperativa Trabajadores de Algas Marinas, located in San Andrés-Pisco, Peru. Material and methods. For the data analysis, financial indicators supported by the economic research of Jarama and Pérez in 2015 were used. The economic evaluation indicators were taken into account the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Results. The study demonstrated the economic feasibility since the results through the main financial indicators such as the NPV and the IRR show a value of S / 58,589.14 and 59 % respectively. Conclusion. This present study allows to show a profitable and acceptable C. chamissoi business before any investor who wants to enter the aquaculture sector, since the results obtained were analyzed in a long term of 10 years, which shows that a business can grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this project, a study was carried out to determine the market, technical, administrative and financial feasibility of the production and marketing of an isotonic drink made from melon pulp (Cucumis melo L.). Taking into account that the project comprised different studies, the methodology used included four phases in which the objectives set out were pursued in chronological order, applying different types of research (descriptive, correlational, experimental and non-experimental). The market study was used to determine the target population of the isotonic drink and its distribution channel. In the technical study, aspects associated with the engineering of the project were determined, such as plant design and description of the production system, and in the administrative analysis, the organisational structure of the company was established. Finally, by means of an integral evaluation of the project carried out in the financial study, it is estimated that the project would yield a Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 878,590, 965.61, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 64%, a benefit/cost ratio (B/C) of 1.086577831 and a payback time of 1.82 years, which guarantees the profitability of the project and makes it possible to meet the need to transform this fruit in order to provide it with added value for its commercialisation in an increasingly extensive and dynamic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is carried out to improve the current process of glucose production by acid inversion from refined sugar that isdeveloped in the Argentine UEB located in Camagüey, usingSuperPro Designer v10.0 simulator. The plant has a simple technology, transfer from Czechoslovakia and an annual production plan of 250 t of glucose. For each 6 t of refined sugar, 1 t of glucose is currently obtained, caused by the low conversion in hydrolysis reaction. Two alternatives are presented to increase the yield of glucose production, both based on enzymatic hydrolysis and two different processes for glucose separation: Enzymatic hydrolysis + crystallization-centrifugation, Enzymatic hydrolysis + chromatographic separation. With the first alternative, glucose production increases 1,48 times due to the higher degree of conversion that can be obtained. For the second alternative, which involves the purchase of equipment, an economic evaluation was carried out using Hand's method, resulting in an investment cost of 5 640 000 CUP. The following economic indicators were calculated: the net present value that was positive, the period of recovery of the capital of 2,4 years, a period of recovery of the discounted capital of 3,4 years, an internal rate of return of 30 % and a return on investment of 41,1 %. These favorable indicators for alternative 2 and the increase achieved in glucose production with alternative 1 show that both are feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to establish a production technology proposal for Class I E150a caramel color for its installation in the San José rum factory, with the aim of avoiding the importation of caramel color that is used in rums. A plant was dimensioned for the production of 100 t/year, consisting of a preparation tank, a reactor, a final product storage tank and a pump. The program SuperPro Designer ver. 10.0 to obtain a simulation model of the proposed plant. The economic evaluation of the proposal was carried out using the Peters method, resulting in a total investment cost of 4,345,066 Cuban pesos. In addition, other indicators were calculated, such as the positive net present value, the capital recovery period of 1.9 years, a discounted capital recovery period of 2.7 years, an internal rate of return of 40% and a return on investment of 52.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic efficiency of the harvesting system depends on several factors such as geomorphological and climatic conditions of the felling areas, characteristics of the future harvested trees, type of machinery used and the characteristics of the workforce. Therefore, based on the use of new technologies, it is decided to optimize the process of felling- stockpiling-wood transportation, and specifically, to optimize the cost of the harvesting system, select the most appropriate forest harvesting system for study area and develop a computerized record for cost analysis and financial evaluation. For this study, the natural forests of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, in areas near Macurijes Agroforestry Company in the province of Pinar del Río, were examined. The application (COSTOFOR) has two work modules: harvesting system costs and financial analysis of the entire harvesting process. In the analysis of the costs, optimization criteria are applied to minimize them. Above these criteria stands out the one related to the interaction between the cost of the road and the cost of hauling based on the density of roads and loading yards. For the financial analysis, indicators are applied to define the feasibility of the project and profitability of the investment; the results of those indicators allow decisions to be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The shortage of fossil fuels implies the new sources of energy to replace it search. The bagasse generated from sugar cane contains lignocellulosic residues from which fuel bioethanol can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. Objective: This work aims to design the process for obtaining fuel bioethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using the SuperPro Designer software. Materials and Methods: A sequential procedure was used which covers all the aspects that must be considered for the optimal design of an industrial plant. The SuperPro Designer V. 10.0 program was used for the process design and simulation. Continuous operation mode was defined (Annual operation of 7.920 hours, 24 hours in 330 days). Results and Discussion: The quantities of cane bagasse with the most profitable economic indicators are 72 t, 90 t, 108 t, 126 t, and 144 t of cane bagasse and an internal rate of return between 9.14% for 72 t to 31.33% in 144 t of bagasse. Quantities less than 54 t of sugarcane bagasse report a negative net present value. Therefore, these quantities not generate profitable processes. Conclusions: The economic indicators with the highest profitability are between 64 t to 144 t of sugarcane bagasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The decisive stage in technological, investment and energy demand for the production Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) flour, is their paste pneumatic drying. Objective: To optimize the design of a cassava flour production facility considering as optimization functions the profitability dynamic indicators and as independent variables the root treatment capacity and the drying gas temperature for an energetic combination using biogas and Cuban crude oil as drying agent. Materials and Methods: Appropriate technology was selected, adopting traditional schemes for the initial stages and designing equipment for pneumatic drying. The indicators net present value, internal rate of return and discounted payback period were modeled through a central compound experimental design, generating nine runs and determining the traditional economic indicators that allowed establishing the cash flows under the foreseen conditions. Regression models for dynamic profitability indicators were optimized by means of ridgeline analysis using response surface methodology. Results and Discussion: The optimum economic variant has a capacity of 13 242.6 troots/y, feeding a mixture of air and flue gases of biogas and Cuban crude oil at 113.34 °C to a pneumatic dryer with a duct of 30.42 m3. Conclusions: An adequate equilibrium between technical-economic, energetic and environmental factors is achieved under optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this research study is to conduct a techno-economic feasibility assessment and a costbenefit analysis of an integrated system of fish production and poultry feeding that uses diets made from fish silage. Four farm systems are examined: 1) tilapia production, 2) tilapia production and fish viscera silage, 3) tilapia production and poultry fed with conventional raw materials, and 4) tilapia production and poultry fed with viscera silage and other raw materials. The parameters determined included investment costs, production, and break-even points. The financial indicators evaluated included net present value, internal rate of return, benefitcost ratio, and payback period. The two systems with silage production show significant economic viability in comparison with the control systems. It is concluded that using viscera to produce silage as a protein source for poultry feed is economically viable and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) system along with battery storage is very effective solution for electrification in remote areas. However, battery capacity selection is the most challenging task in system designing. In this study, an off-grid PV system along with battery storage is designed for the remote area of Karachi, Pakistan. The system is designed by considering the maximum energy requirement in summer season. The battery storage is selected to fulfill the energy demand during the night and cloudy seasons. On the basis of load, a total of 6 kWsystem is required to fulfill the energy demand. For such system, 925 Ah of battery is required to meet the energy requirement for a day in absence of solar irradiation. A regression-based correlation between battery capacity and energy demand is prepared for suitable battery sizing usingMinitab. An economic analysis of the project is also carried out from which a net present value and simple payback are determined as USD 10,348 and 3 years, respectively. The environmental benefits are also been determined. It is found that the system will reduce around 7:32 tons of CO2 per annum which corresponds to the 183.69 tons of CO2 not produced in the entire project life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used additives in commercial foods worldwide. In the present work, the preliminary techno-economic evaluation of a technological proposal for the production of MSG by the fermentation route was carried out, using sugarcane bagasse as the main raw material and under the current economic conditions of Cuba. For that, the professional simulator SuperPro Designer® version 10 was used. The plant has a production capacity of 3.85 tons of MSG crystals per year. It will be necessary to invest around USD $ 8.75 million to build the proposed production plant. Annual Net Profits of USD $ 2,004,000, a Gross Margin of 44.91% and a Return on Investment of 22.90% were obtained. Based on the results obtained from the Net Present Value (USD $ 6,723,000), the Internal Rate of Return (25.23%) and the Payback Time (4.37 years), it can be concluded that the production plant is profitable and feasible from the economic point of view. The technological proposal begins to be not profitable from a value of the bagasse unit cost of USD $ 45.4/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of algae in the Peruvian territory is mainly destined for foreign trade, one of them is Chondracanthus chamissoi, a red macroalgae which is demanded both for fresh direct consumption, as well as indirectly to be processed industrially. This resource presents a problem of illegal extraction in the Ica region, the same that has generated as a consequence the reduction of natural banks for formal fishermen organized through cooperatives whose income received comes in part from this activity. Consequently, the Southern Scientific University has established a laboratory that operates in the San Andrés-Pisco district, whose purpose is to guarantee the sustainability of C. chamissoi, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and economic feasibility of the production of seedlings of this alga from a system of sporulation and spore settlement in the hatchery, through the use of tools such as cost structure, income estimation, cash flow, and calculation of NPV and IRR. The results obtained from this analysis in an expected scenario, using a time horizon of 10 years, show a positive NPV of S / 260,938.66 and an IRR of 33%, whose percentage indicates the high return on the investment made, concluding the convenience of executing the project for the generation of profitability, considering the implementation of strategies to meet market needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maguey is closely related to the marginalized areas of Mexico and lacks innovation processes; it mainly produces in Oaxaca for Mezcal and the production of pulque in Hidalgo and Tlaxcala. The objective of this study was to financially assess the pulque industry through its differentiation, generating a mead production project for agave syrup with respect to a project that only produces pulque considering the price volatility in states of Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca. The hypothesis is that uncertainty creates opportunities that add value and benefit the producer. Method: Maguey pulquero prices and yields from 2005 to 2018 were obtained from SIAP. Production costs and investments were obtained from the Xamini S.P.R. of R. I. and were considered for the three states. The possibility of innovating pulque process from a traditional point of view through the Net Present Value (NPV) was analyzed; however, since it does not consider the price volatility, an evaluation was used using real options with binomial trees and Black- Scholes formulas with expansion scenarios to two hectares. Results: Hidalgo had, on average, the best yields, and which positions him as the main producer of this drink; however, its trend was downward. Oaxaca was the entity with the highest critical value (1.771) because it presented greater price volatility; therefore, the risk in investment is higher. Through the traditional evaluation, the projects in the pulque industry of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala were accepted with values greater than unity, not so for Oaxaca. With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more. The numbers turned positive for Oaxaca, but it did not recover the investment initially; a similar situation occurs when the option is given to expanding the innovation to two hectares. With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more, for Oaxaca the numbers turned positive, but it was not able to recover the initial investment. A similar situation happens when the option is given to expand the innovation to two hectares. Discussion or Conclusion: for a differentiated product such as agave syrup, the risk increases, but also the possibilities of increasing your income and being competitive in the market, which happens when the product is associated with the current needs of the consumer. This applies to Hidalgo and Tlaxcala, however, for Oaxaca, the project to differentiate the pulque industry is not very viable, since its production is irrelevant compared to mezcal. This study confirmed the hypothesis, when the product is differentiated in its production process, benefits increase, despite the uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the interest that the Cuban state presents to increase the inclusion of renewable energy sources up to 24% in the country's energy matrix, the idea of carrying out this work, which consists of evaluating the feasibility of the production of electricity from solar thermal plants in Cuba. The technologies of the analyzed thermosolar plants are parabolic cylinder, Fresnel and central tower. The analysis variables that were chosen were power purchase agreement (PPA), internal rate of return, net present value, capacity factor, conversion factor and quantity of water used. For this, were selected three localities belonging to the western, central and eastern region. In addition, were analyzed two types of cooling: by air and evaporative. The results show that the cost of kWh ranges between 20 and 38 cents depending on the type of technology and region of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a study is carried out to propose the inclusion of a mannitol line in the "Ignacio Agramonte" Base Business Unit (UEB), using fructose as raw material, considering the great availability of fructose in our country in comparison to glucose, which currently presents reserve problems. With this, economic benefits are obtained from the sale of a greater quantity of sorbitol and the inclusion of mannitol to the national market. The main advantage of this proposal is that the economic losses due to production stoppages (lack of glucose) and import of sorbitol or mannitol are partially eliminated. The economic evaluation of the proposed system was carried out based on Hand's method, resulting in an investment cost of 81 000 CUC. Other indicators were also calculated such as the net present value that was positive, the capital recovery period of 2,46 years, a discounted capital recovery period of 3,42 years, an internal rate of return of 29% and a return on investment of 40,6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work two alternatives are presented: 1) based on making changes in the operational parameters of the plant without making an economic investment and 2) based on the purchase of fans for the crystallization process with economic investment, to increase the yield in the process of glucose production in the Argentine UEB located in the province of Camagüey, since it has a simple technology, the result of a technology transfer from Czechoslovakia and with an annual production plan of 250 tons of glucose. With the objective of evaluating this glucose plant, the SuperPro Designer v10.0 program was used to obtain a simulation model that allows proposing alternatives to solve the problems detected, other than seeing the quality and performance of the process. The economic evaluation of the alternative that involves an investment was carried out using the Hand method, resulting in an investment cost of 27,000 CUP. The following economic indicators were calculated: the net present value that was positive, the capital recovery period of 2.5 years, a discounted capital recovery period of 3.46 years, an internal rate of return of 29% and a return on investment of 40.1%. These indicators show that the alternative is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the simulation of a pilot scale beer production plant (150 L/batch) with red sorghum ciap r-132 as the main raw material. A sensitivity study consisting of 11 experimental runs was carried out, through which the influence of three initial variables (beer production capacity per batch, purchasing cost of red sorghum, and sale price of the beer bottle) was evaluated over three important economic indicators: Net present value (npv), internal rate of return (irr), and payback time (pt). Results show that $ 570,000 Cuban pesos (cup) must be invested to erect the production plant, the unit cost of production reached a value of cup 12.82/bottle, while npv, irr and pt values were cup 480,000, 28.83% and 3.82 years, respectively, which qualifies the project as economically profitable and feasible from the investor's point of view. Several equations were obtained that establish the statistical correlation between the three input variables and the three output variables. The SuperPro Designer® v.8.5 simulator was used to carry out the simulation, as well as Statgraphics Centurion xvi® software for the statistical processing of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the current methodologies determine the design head and flow for run-of-river and runof- reservoir hydropower projects using statistical parameters, without any optimization process. This paper describes a software developed by the Empresa de Hidroenergía. This tool takes into account the hydrological data of the site and its specific financial premises, then obtaining the design flow and head, which maximize either the electricity generation or the Net Present Value (NPV). The optimization problem is solved by iterations and graphs or by applying the Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the preliminary design head and flow for run-of-river hydropower are determined from statistical parameters. Therefore, the energy and the net present value are the result of parameters fixed "ex ante". In this paper, a methodology for determination of the design flow and head is proposed, as a result of an energy or net present value (NPV) maximization problem. The optimization problem is solved by iterations and graphs or by applying the Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper is to present an application in Excel. It was developed on excel spreadsheets to assess economic and financial convenience of the investments required to implement a corrective action plan for the management of effluents generated in the productive process of dairy farms, in order to improve or mitigate negative environmental impacts. The model allows determining the costs associated with mitigation measures and the incomes associated with the da-mages avoided. Both are included in a cash flow of the evaluated project. The benefit of the project is compared with the benefits obtained in the current situation of the company without a project applying the evaluation criteria to the incremental benefit: Net present value, internal rate of return and repayment period. The proposed model works to support the decision-making process, generating systematized and quality information based on data from real dairy farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was carried out at "Raúl Cepero Bonilla" Meat Company in the province of Camagüey, Cuba, with the objective of evaluating the steam generation, distribution and consumption system. A value of heat losses of the pipes of 207 094.99 W was obtained due to lack of thermal insulation. With the proposal of the use of Mineral Wool insulation in the pipes that require it, these losses are reduced by 92.303%. The energy efficiency of the steam generator was 90.7% while the exergy was of 7.03%. With the proposal of the condensate recovery design, 475 015.5 liters of water treated per year would be saved, bringing a reduction in fuel consumption of 64 186.51 liters annually. With the improvements that are introduced in the system, a total economic saving of $ 94 172.78 Cuban pesos (CUP) per year is obtained, being of CUP $ 10 759.37 the total cost of the investment, which can be recovered in a period of 1.4 months. A Net Present Value of CUP $ 36 238 and an Internal Rate of Return of 71% was obtained, which qualifies the proposed improvements as profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The solution for the two of the main problems that must be solved in the first stages of the wind farm project: the park structure and its profitability. A mathematical model developed from the parametric method is applied, which allows determining quickly and with acceptable precision the capital cost through relevant technical parameters. The model was calibrated through a database representative of the Latin American countries that make the most use of wind energy. Was applied to define the best appropriate structure of the project of five parks in the province of Chimborazo, Republic of Ecuador, reaching the conclusion that the number of machines, their powers and heights of the towers, are the three parameters that determine the cost of the park, and that at the same time, are those that define the energy produced and profitability, so a cost model that integrates these variables, is an important tool when applying economic-financial validation criteria such as Net Present Value, the specific cost of energy, the life cycle cost and others [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every investment is accompanied by yields, which can be measured by using appropriate tools for this purpose, the best known being the "Net Present Value" (NPV) and "The Internal Rate of Return" (IRR). The main reason for evaluating the profitability of an investment, be it private or social, must be determined in advance if it will generate profits for investors at the end of a certain predefined horizon of time. Both tools are reliable but in the event of a doubt, the VAN will be chosen. This paper aims to evaluate the profitability of the production of cocoa paste in the province of Guayas, Canton Naranjito, parish "Roberto Astudillo" in the Republic of Ecuador, according to the initial investment introduced in the production. These are small companies, many of them familiar and of cultural and social importance. To achieve this objective, the NPV and the IRR of these companies will be calculated and the future financial behavior will be forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents a proposal for stochastic simulation to determine the investment uncertainties and the uncertainty cost of operation for a wind power plant. Taking as a study object a hypothetical wind plant in Cabo de la Vela, in La Guajira, Colombia, with the same characteristics as the current Jepirachi plant of EPM, where the probability density function of the net present value of the project is found, and the probability of project profitability. Additionally, the uncertainty cost for the operation of the plant is determined depending on the different monthly scenarios of the primary energy (wind speed). This cost approximates a quadratic function that serves as a cost element in the problem of economic dispatch considering renewables. Finally, the results obtained and future developments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)