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Information, knowledge and wisdom are not the same. Nor is instruction and culture the same. We long for a knowledge that unitarily integrates truth, good and beauty. That is what is learned in the school of the classics, the total school. These works pose the crucial questions with paradigmatic optics and unequaled depth. But there are obstacles in the current culture for reading the classics. The "magic of reading" confronts other, more powerful magics. The main reason to read is to appeal to qualitatively superior entertainment. After a phenomenology of reading addresses the profound impact of the work on the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the phenomena of the so-called "Special Period in Time of Peace" of the 1990s and the influence that these have had on the economic, social, and political crisis of the Cuban Revolution after the outbreak of Covid-19 and the implementation of economic reforms on the island. Likewise, the optics emerged in publications by the Cuban system are presented, as well as the cultural products that reactively explain the Cuban reality. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the historical discipline to analyzes the Cuban present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Spanish Optical Society was founded in 1968. Its constitution is the culmination of a long process whose foundations emerged in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century and whose immediate predecessor was the creation of the Spanish Committee of Optics (CEO) in 1950. An international institution, the International Commission of Optics (ICO), served as a guide and reference; and a national institution, the Institute of Optics "Daza de Valdés", was the state promoter who led the process from the re-foundation of the Spanish Committee of Optics in 1958. The most singular aspect of this development is that international integration set the pace of national construction. However, contrary to what happened in other branches of Spanish science at that time, the Spanish optical community did not act as a mere periphery but actively shaped the international community of the ICO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During its fifty-five years of history, the flagship journal of the scientific society SEDOPTICA has, together with its members, witnessed the transformation of a country. In this article we analyse how values such as equality between men and women have been reflected in the magazine over this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modernity has been treated profusely, in our reading we want to show a new optics: how it weaves and unweaves in the voices of the myth and the narratives an incisive glance of its daily happening. It is well known that when voices oppose the Western machinery, it is a matter of titans. Here we show how from millenary times the violent hero always emerges as the only winner of his battles. We show in voices, from the poetry and the myth, other readings of the displaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Some phenomena of birefringence explained" explains birefringence and its practical application in obtaining landscapes and artistic designs. It analyzes how birefringence allows for selective darkening of a coin and explains its use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Additionally, it shows how transparent tape also exhibits this property and details the process of recombining the two light components when emerging from the tape. The article highlights the interest that these practices generate in students and their contribution to the study of optics and scientific vocations. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the "Faraday Kit" project, which consists of a set of magnetism and electricity experiments designed for children aged 8 to 12. 20 educational centers have been visited, conducting workshops for a total of 1,320 students and distributing approximately 420 Faraday kits. The project has had high participation and satisfaction from students, family members, and teachers, reaching around 450 primary school students each academic year. Additionally, it is mentioned that a new kit of experiments in the field of Optics is being designed. The project has been funded by the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology and has received dissemination awards. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Apuntes Universitarios: Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Peruana Union Filiar Tarapoto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work the dynamics of solitary waves in optics is reported. The dynamics of these structures is governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger’s general equation. Particle-like behavior is shown, due to the interaction of dispersion and nonlinearity expressed in the nonlinear dependence on the refractive index of the optical medium. The solitons obtained are propagated in an optical fiber without altering their shape and speed and therefore can be considered as a natural means to transmit information or energy without significant losses. Their stability properties depend on the speed of solitonic waves which, in the case of nonlinear dark waves, or bubbles are subsonic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses pseudoscientific ideas regarding the influence of the Moon on our planet. To do so, a study is made of whether and how high school and higher education physics textbooks deal with the influence of the Moon's gravity on Earth. A sample of 17 High School physics textbooks and 17 textbooks used in science and engineering courses (13 in Physics, 2 in Optics and 2 in Astronomy) from different years of publication are used for the analysis. The results reveal that these books pay little attention to topics related to the physics of the Moon and its influence on our planet, as well as a decontextualized approach to the teaching of Physics. This is followed by a proposal for a correct introduction to basic aspects of the Moon's physics (gravitation, tides, luminosity) that refutes the Moon's supposed influences on living things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carlos Hernández García, a university professor and researcher in the Applications of Laser and Photonics group at the University of Salamanca, has been awarded the ICO 2023 Prize for his contributions to the theory and modeling of high-frequency harmonic generation and understanding how to manipulate its structure through the control of orbital angular momentum and photon spin. The prize, awarded by the International Commission for Optics, recognizes outstanding researchers in the field of optics. Carlos Hernández García obtained his PhD in Physics in 2013 at the University of Salamanca and has conducted research at JILA, University of Colorado Boulder. In addition, Prof. Miguel Ángel Fernández Sanjuán was elected as a full member of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Spain in the section of Physics and Chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Liño: Revista Annual de Historia del Arte is the property of Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recomposition of a ray of white light, initially decomposed by a prism, by using another identical prism and inverted with respect to the former is impossible and, however, many (bibliographic and internet) sources usually present this supposed experiment as a demonstration of easy execution and unquestionable result. This article shows the use of different optical elements to recompose a ray of white light, previously decomposed by a prism. All the materials employed can be easily acquired and assembled, which allows the use of these experiments when discussing refraction and reflection of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to analyze the role of prescribers of eyeglasses in 19th- and 20th-century Mexico City, their origins, and how they attended the city's residents. It addresses little-studied aspects of this visual aid resource like the diversity of models, their origins, and availability. The personnel devoted to this trade were "opticians" of foreign nationality who received clients in independent physical spaces, some for only short periods. The variety of ophthalmic spectacles available was limited, and their characteristics show mostly ordinary types with few more refined prescriptions. In addition, limited models of dark lenses were offered in public establishments called "haberdasheries". Another type was protective eyewear, but all were of foreign origin. The use of glasses was limited to people who required excellent visual acuity and protection to carry out their activities and had the economic capacity to purchase them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humania del Sur: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos is the property of Humania del Sur. Estudios Latinoamericanos Africanos y Asiaticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Filosofia Medieval and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fotocinema is the property of Revista Fotocinema and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Liber de crepusculis by Gerard of Cremona (1114-1187) is the Latin version of a lost text written by cadi Ibn Mu'ādh al-Jayyānī about the calculation of the height of the atmosphere, a question related to issues of 'ilm al-tawqīt (timekeeping). This paper presents the Arabic textual tradition of this optics problem and the two main textual branches that have transmitted Ibn Mu'ādh's lost Arabic text: 1) the Latin branch: Gerard of Cremona's De crepusculis and 2) the Hebrew branch: the translation by Samuel ben Judah of Marseille. The paper concludes that Gerard of Cremona's alterations to the text during the translation process were made for sociolinguistic reasons and it discusses the methodological relevance of using the concept of necessitas et utilitas to better understand the translation process, which must be viewed not just as a linguistic matter arising out Latin scholars' need to expand learning and knowledge in the late Middle Ages, but also as a complex process, comprising both cultural and linguistic elements, that linked two languages, Arabic and Latin, but also separated two cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Miradas is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acotaciones: Investigación y Creación Teatral is the property of Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramatico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 70's decade, Cujae has been a pioneer institution in the field of optics research in Cuba. Some faculties and departments of this university have developed research projects on the field. Many of its affiliates are former or current members of the Cuban Physics Society, which is celebrating its 40th anniversary this year. In this scenario, the main achievements of Cujae in the optics field are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on two recognitions in the field of physics. Javier Gainza Martín, a doctoral student at the Complutense University of Madrid, has received the First Prize in the category of Basic Sciences at the Margarita Salas Research Awards 2023. On the other hand, Dr. Susana Marcos, director of the Center for Visual Science at the University of Rochester, has been awarded the Edwin H. Land Medal for Optics in recognition of her research in vision optics. Both researchers have made important contributions in their respective areas of study. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practical teaching experiments on optical Doppler effect are not a simple task, not only by the design but also because the experiment itself have many issues. The main problem is to produce a smooth movement of the light source, for little imperfections, of the order of the wavelength, result in important noises in the final measurements. Using a rotating mirror in which the incident beam is reflected in both the receding and the advancing parts of its surface, allows to minimize noise problems as well as mechanical deviations. The laboratory practice described in this paper can be constructed using low cost parts that are usually found in student laboratories. We also propose some questions and problems to help the teaching to work out this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernando Rodríguez González, Professor of Condensed Matter Physics at the University of Cantabria, has been awarded the Juan María Parés Prize for his work in the characterization and advanced applications of new materials using spectroscopic and high-pressure techniques. On the other hand, José Antonio Sánchez Gil, Research Professor at CSIC, has been elected as an Optica Fellow 2023 by the American Society of Optics for his contributions in the field of Optics and Photonics. Prof. Sánchez Gil has been recognized for his career in the fields of light scattering, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Plasmonics, and Nano-Optics. [Extracted from the article]

Laura Lechuga, research professor at CSIC, has been named Honorary Member of the Spanish Society of Optics for her scientific and academic career in optics and photonics. In addition, she is a regular collaborator of the Women in Optics and Photonics Area, promoting the visibility of women in science. Prof. Lechuga specializes in nanophotonics and nanodiagnostics, developing photonic biosensors for their application in decentralized clinical and environmental diagnosis. She has published over 300 research papers and has received numerous awards and recognitions. [Extracted from the article]

Manuel Vázquez, a Research Professor at CSIC, has been chosen as a Distinguished Lecturer by the IEEE Magnetics Society for 2023. During this year, he will give a lecture on cylindrical micro and nanowires and their applications at the most relevant research centers in the world in the field of magnetism. On the other hand, Laura Lechuga, a research professor at CSIC, has been named an Honorary Member of the Spanish Society of Optics for her scientific career in the field of nanophotonics and the development of photonic biosensors. She has published over 300 research papers and has received numerous awards and recognitions. [Extracted from the article]

José Antonio Sánchez Gil, a Research Professor at the CSIC in the Institute of Structure of Matter in Madrid, has been chosen as an Optica fellow for 2023 by the American Society of Optics. The jury recognized his career for his contributions in the fields of light scattering, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Plasmonics, and Nano-Optics. In addition, Professor Fernando Rodríguez González from the University of Cantabria has been awarded the XXII Juan María Parés Research Prize for his work in spectroscopic and high-pressure techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Celebrating the designation of 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies, an overview of the research in the field of optics in Cuba is presented. The main results achieved in the institutions that have done research in the field of optics in the country are described and put into an historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality of an infrared focal plane array camera (IRFPA) in terms of image sharpness is conditioned on the sophisticated manufacturing process of its sensor stage. That is, it is hard to build photo detectors with exactly the same response of electrical signal. This problem is known as "non-uniformity" in IR technology and it manifests itself as superimposed grid in the output image of the camera, termed as fixed pattern noise (FPN). This noise emerges since the weak electric signals from the detectors must undergo a high gain amplifier stage, thus magnifying their differences notoriously at the exit of the camera. To address this problem, the detector is characterized as a linear model with two parameters (gain and offset). To find these parameters and counteract this inequality we propose an algorithm based on a nonlinear digital filter extended from a simple yet consistent experimentally verified theoretical development of the standard method of Constant Statistics (CS). We demonstrate that the new filter compares favorably with CS standard, in terms of convergence speed and therefore prompt fading of ghosting artifact or "ghosting". Parameters of the proposed algorithm were adjusted and when it was tested with synthesized and real infrared video, high levels of correction was achieved, notoriously decreasing the non-uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an obituary that informs about the life and legacy of Dr. Alfredo Basilio Moreno Yeras, an outstanding physicist and Physics professor in Cuba. Dr. Moreno Yeras graduated from the University of Havana in 1981 and dedicated his entire professional life to teaching and research in physics. He was recognized for his excellence as a teacher and researcher, and his contributions spanned areas such as applied optics, laser technology, and image processing. Additionally, he participated in engineering training projects and the implementation of high-tech ophthalmological equipment in the "Miracle Mission," which restored vision to thousands of people in Cuba and other Latin American countries. Dr. Moreno Yeras also internationalized his work through collaborations with specialists from various countries. Despite facing a serious illness for almost 17 years, he demonstrated exceptional dedication and resilience. He was recognized with awards and distinctions for his outstanding academic and scientific work. His legacy as a professional and exemplary human being will endure in the memory of those who had the fortune of knowing him. [Extracted from the article]

Professor Justo Oliva Molina, a retired Optics professor, passed away at the age of 99 in Alicante. Throughout his career, he worked at the Daza de Valdés Institute of Optics and the National Optics Company (ENOSA). He was the deputy director of the Center for University Studies in Alicante and later became the director of the Physics Department at the University of Alicante. Additionally, he founded the Alicante Holography Center and was the first director of the Alicante Optics School. Don Justo was recognized for his contribution to the establishment of university studies in the province and received public recognition for it. [Extracted from the article]

Alejandro Fernández Muñoz has received an Honorable Mention in Science and Technology at the National Youth Awards 2022. Ignacio Moreno Soriano has been elected as a member of the Board of Directors of the European Optical Society (EOS). Ignacio Moreno is a professor of Optics at the Miguel Hernández University of Elche and a member of the RSEF. Alejandro Fernández Muñoz is a co-founder and former president of the RSEF Student Group and has received the Honorable Mention on behalf of the Group. [Extracted from the article]

Ignacio Moreno, Professor of Optics at Miguel Hernández University of Elche, has been elected as a member of the Board of Directors of the European Optical Society (EOS). EOS is an international scientific society that encompasses European societies of optics and optoelectronics. Ignacio Moreno has been elected to this international committee that manages the society. In addition, Alejandro Fernández Muñoz, co-founder and former president of the Student Group of the RSEF, has received the Honorary Mention in Science and Technology at the National Youth Awards 2022. This recognition is due to the six years of effort and merits accumulated by the Student Group project. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería is the property of Avances en Ciencias e Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a simple construction model of the human eye to be used to teach the technique of direct ophthalmoscopy to medical students. The model facilitates the learning process and contributes to the training of physicians adequately prepared to diagnose problems that can lead to blindness, allowing rapid referral of patients to specialized services. Here we discuss some basic aspects of the human eye optics and direct ophthalmoscope as well as its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]