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The discovery of the ancient Maya city of Palenque (stone houses) in mid-XVIII century within the Chiapaneca forest, stated a significant fact in the context of the enlightened debate which will be developed in Spain and the American kingdoms and viceroyships, especially New Spain. Two critical aspects of the debate will be considered in this paper. The first issue relates to the origin and authorship of these archaeological remains, based on two assumptions: the participation of overseas human groups in their building or influence; or the work of indigenous communities different to those existing in the XVIII century. These groups were able to create works of extraordinary technical and ornamental intricacy. The second issue deals with the role of the creation of images by the members of the expedition and the artists who accompanied them, as well as the consequences of the process of knowledge about the American pre-Hispanic world and its dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the case of the Expedición Alrededor del Mundo (1788-1794), led by Captain Alejandro Malaspina, paying particular attention to the study of the graphic representations of the encounter between the Spanish explorers and the inhabitants of Patagonia. In addition, the formal, programatic, and ideological differences between the original drawings (produced by artists during the voyage) and subsequent versions included in the work as published 1885 by Pedro de Novo y Colson, will be noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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