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Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La hipomelanosis de Ito es un raro síndrome multisistémico, considerado el tercer trastorno neurocutáneo más frecuente; su incidencia es de 1 por cada 7.540 nacidos vivos en todo el mundo. Se describe el caso de un adolescente de 12 años con un episodio convulsivo único, asociado a máculas hipocrómicas lineales bilaterales presentes desde el nacimiento, que seguían la distribución de las líneas de Blaschko, localizadas en el tronco y las extremidades. El diagnóstico de hipomelanosis de Ito se hizo con base en los hallazgos clínicos y en los estudios complementarios. Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare multisystem syndrome considered the third most common neurocutaneous disorder, with a worldwide incidence of 1 in 7,540 newborns. We present the case of a male teenager with a history of a single convulsive episode associated with bilateral hypochromic linear macules, following the lines of Blaschko, present at trunk and extremities since birth. The diagnosis of hipomelanosis of Ito was based on clinical findings and complementary studies results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incontinentia pigmenti is a dominant X-linked genodermatosis, associated to mutations on IKBKG gen (NEMO), in Xq28. It is an infrequent pathology and generally lethal in male fetuses, with compromise of ectoderm derived tissues (central nervous system, hair, nails, eyes and teeth), showing several clinical presentations with cutaneous and extracutaneous involvement. We report the case of a feminine newborn treated empirically for neonatal pustulosis of infectious origin. The diagnosis was redirected to incontinentia pigmenti by the knowledge of typical clinical presentation, which is contemplated within the diagnostic criteria of this disease, avoiding unnecessary treatments and tests on the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is a rare dominant X-linked disease characterized by skin lesions. It may be accompanied by neurological, ophthalmological and dental manifestations. We report the case of a one month and twenty six days old female patient diagnosed with this disease v/ho was successfully treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin is recognized as a complex tissue, its biological activity depends on its cytoarchitecture, signaling systems and immunomolecular interactions, influenced by autocrine and radiation signals (of any wavelength) impinging on it. The knowledge of the electromagnetic spectrum provides objective information about the changes that occur in the skin by light interactions, such as absorption and scattering. Light absorption is mainly determined by the chromophores, melanin and hemoglobin, key players in skin light absorption of visible wavelength. Unabsorbed light is reflected or scattered into the dermis by collagen fibers. In that sense, reflected light brings data of the dynamic and complex structures comprising the skin. Concerning this optical phenomenon, the application of techniques such as Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (ERD) allow to describe and measure objective changes, in real time, occurring in the skin. RDE may be potentially useful for the characterization of skin types, enabling diagnosis and allowing the assessment of therapeutic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucism is an aberration of color that may occur in different groups of organisms as a consequence of genetic mutations. This phenomenon in bats has been reported in various countries in Latin America, where Colombia is the country with more reports for species in the Phyllostomidae family. In this work, we present the first records of leucism in Artibeus planirostris from department of Cordoba (Colombia), whose specimens have atypical coloration in hair and membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Vitiligo is an acquired hypomelanosis characterized by the progressive appearance of patches of depigmented skin, with great aesthetic repercussions, and it significantly impairs the self-esteem of people who suffer from it. The etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. Different theories have been proposed, with the autoimmune hypothesis gaining the most current acceptance. Objective. Analyze the evidence that supports the hypothesis that vitiligo meets the criteria for the key characteristics of human autoimmune diseases. Method. A literature review of Vitiligo's causes was completed for scientific articles published in the last 15 years, including PubMed, and Dermatology and Immunology, focusing on both previously accepted and novel information. Development. The major direct, indirect and incidental evidences of autoimmune symptoms in Vitiligo cases were evaluated. Findings that support the autoimmune characteristics of Vitiligo were evaluated, including: the presence of T lymphocytes in the lesions and surrounding skin; plus detection of autoantibodies against melanocytes antigens; organ specific antibodies in the patient's serum; the frequent association of other autoimmune illnesses with certain MHC II alleles; along with the existence of model animal, and the therapeutic response to topical immunosuppressants. Conclusions. Although the etiology of Vitiligo is not well defined, there is strong evidence to classify it as an autoimmune disease. Its frequent association with other autoimmune diseases indicates patient evaluations with Vitiligo should include tests that promote early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ornitologia Colombiana is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Longitudinal melanonychia is defined as a black-brown pigment of the nail caused by non-malignant diseases including activation of melanocytes in the nail matrix, nevi and matrix lentigo, and may indicate an early stage of melanoma of the nail. Although the clinical history is a tool for etiologic diagnosis, histological examination is the gold standard. There are several techniques for biopsy according to the location of the lesion and the clinical suspicion; tangential excision described by Haneke allows the complete removal of a pigmented lesion. We describe the technique and considerations are made about the benefits of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dowling-Degos disease is a rare genodermatosis, which presents reticular hyperpigmentation in folds, the development is chronic and progressive and can be disfiguring. We communicate the case of a 33-year-old female patient with typical clinical and histopathological manifestations. Topic treatment with tazarotene cream 0.1% is useful, safe, well tolerated and accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome or congenital poikiloderma is a rare genetic disorder, occurring in children. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a genodermatosis associated to abnormalities of the skin, bones, eyes, teeth and neoplasms, among other manifestations. We report two clinical cases of pediatric patients attended at Baca Ortiz Hospital, in the city of Quito, Ecuador. This publication is important considering the rarity of this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Granular parakeratosis is a benign skin disease of unclear etiology which is considered an acquired disorder of keratinization with profilaggrin granules persisting in the stratum corneum. Clinically, it manifests with hyperkeratotic erythematous or brown or brownish papules which may coalesce into plaques with variable hyperpigmentation, located unilaterally or bilaterally in intertriginous areas with chronic irritation (axillary, inframammary, inguinal) or abdominal and lumbosacral areas mainly in areas with folds or occlusion. Itching is variable. Histologically, papillomatosis and acanthosis are found with a thickened parakeratotic stratum corneum and a large number of basophilic granules in the corneocytes. Most reports worldwide have been cases in adults and few cases in children, so we present a case of aranular parakeratosis in a child from Colombia, and a review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dyskeratosis congenita is a multisystem hereditary disorder, characterized by reticulade hyperpigmentation of the skin, oral leukoplakia and nail dystrophy which is associated with pancytopenia and aplastic anemia. We report the case of a 24-year-old man with dyskeratosis congenita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the oculocutáneous albinism is a group of autosomic recessive disorders related to the failure in the melanin biosynthesis characterized by a generalized reduction in pigmentation of hair, skin and eyes. This article summarizes visual and ocular vision alterations and rehabilitation principles in these patients. Methods: a systematic review was made in PUBMED with MeSH Terms \"oculocutaneous albinism\", \"refractive error\", \"visual and ocular alterations\", \"low vision\" y \"retina\". 41 articles were selected by their coherence with the purpose of the article. Results: four types of Albinism have been identified, with an approximate general prevalence of 1:17.000. The visual and ocular alterations are: reduced visual acuteness, photophobia, nistagmus, strabismus, high refractive error, lack of pigmentation or iris translucency, photophobia, fovea hypoplasia of variable degree, misrouting of the optical nerve fibers and low stereopsis among others. The visual management for the albino patients implies the correction of refractive error, the decrease of the photophobia and dazzle and the professional adjustment of low vision aids, taking into account the needs and expectations of the patient. Conclusions: it is very important for the optometrist to be aware of the appropriate handling and timely referral of these patients, given the visual and ocular anomalies related to albinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemochromatosis includes a variety of chronic syndromes of genetic origin with iron overload, which can be classified according to genetic mutations in four groups, from type 1 to type 4. Of these, the most frequent type is type 1 hereditary hemochromatosis, which corresponds to over 90% of cases. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a recessive disorder in which a dominant mutation of the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) generates an increased absorption and severe iron overload. The American study showed that a multi-ethnic population of every 227 white people is homozygous for the C282Y HFE gene mutation, implicated in hemochromatosis type 1. The HFE, is located on chromosome 6, and may have three types of mutations of this gene, however the most common mutation is C282Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is the malignant transformation of the melanocyte. It is a highly invasive and often fatal tumor. It accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer deaths, with an estimated of 80% of all skin cancer deaths. Melanoma in its early stages is an eminently curable disease. It is time to increase one's suspicion of early melanoma. The aim of this paper is to address melanoma epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, biopsy methods, prognosis, and diagnosis. This is a non systematic melanoma review based on scientific papers that have been discussed, in the last 3 years with Dermatology residents and Dermatooncology fellows, at the Grupo de Dermatología of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Most of the articles were selected from the internet by Eduardo Fierro. The medical concepts written in this paper is only responsibility of the authors and it is not the official point of view of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitiligo is defined as an acquired, chronic, pigmentary disorder characterized by white macules that usually increase in size over time. These correspond to an epidermal melanocyte loss of function, and in some cases, to those in the hair follicle. The worldwide prevalence is of 0.5 to 2%, affecting all races and men and women equally. Multiple theories that try to explain the pathogenesis of the disease have been proposed, among them, biochemical, neural and autoimmune hypothesis, the latter being the most popular. The different theories may converge to contribute to melanocyte loss, supporting a multifactorial etiology referred to as the convergence theory. The diagnosis is clinical and may be aided by the use of Wood's lamp. We have a great quantity of treatments available that bear advantages and disadvantages, but none with 100% effectiveness in all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a 19 year-old women with reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi. Most of the cases reported in the literature are mainly from Asia and Europe. This case is one of the few cases reported in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reticulated and confluent papillomatosis is a chronic and recurrent disease that occurs predominantly in young adults and teenagers. Its main characteristics are verrucose papillomatous injuries as brown plaques spreading to thorax, neck and face. Patients go to consultation due to its dermatosis aesthetic effect. It is hard to establish its diagnose (often late), even to dermatologists, due to its low incidence. Clinically, the eruption is often confused with tinea versicolor or acanthosis nigricans. Potassium hydroxide fungus staining is negative in most cases, and minocycline is the gold standard therapy. We report a case of a 17 year-old patient with typical clinical and histological features of this illness; we too review literature and diagnose criteria to this rare disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemin, Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX, is a model for the hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes and other enzymes, of which is the prosthetic group. Hemin complexes are also medically and physiologically important compounds for the treatment of acute porphyria attacks and correct the iron deficiency in those cases when there are problems in the iron oral absorption. During the development of QF-012, a new hemin complex, a simple, rapid and convenient technique was needed for both the qualitative and quantitative determination of hemin. A High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic technique was developed and validated for the determination of hemin in QF-012. This method used a LiChrosorb RP-18 column and the mobile phase is 0,04 % of piridine in acetonitriletrifluoracetic acid 0,3 % [55 : 45 (v/v)]. Detection was at 400 nm . The method was selective, even when degradation products were present. It can be seen that the degradation products elutes separately and was detected without apparent interference with the peak of interest. The calibration curve in the range from 10,0 to 60.0 µg/mL was lineal, with a coefficient of correlation equal to 0.994. The intercept and slope statistical test was not significant. The variation coefficients in the repeatability and reproducibility were less than 2 %. No significant statistical differences were found between the repeatability and reproducibility. The recovery obtained 99.97 was not different of 100 % in the concentration range studied. The accuracy, precision, specificity and linearity meet the requirements of current recommendations in bioanalytical method validation for quality control and stability studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the presence of a House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanas) with partial leucism in the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo. The individual was observed in two occasions interacting with other finches that had regular coloration. Pigment aberrations may help identify populations with genetic problems or populations facing chronic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 42 year-old male, immunocompetent, with skin type V of Fitzpatrick classification, had a one-year history of onycholysis and melanonychia of both first toenails. The mycological study showed KOH with pigmented hyphae and Alternaria alternata was isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 23 year old female patient, racially mixed, with a 10 year history of hypopigmented asymptomatic spots in the lower back, who had received multiple treatments without any improvement. The clinical, mycological and histopathological findings made the diagnosis of progressive macular hypomelanosis of the trunk. She received a topical combination of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin with resolution of the lesions. This case is an example of an alternative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hallervorden-Spatz disease is a metabolic disorder rare autosomal recessive. Characteristic of this disease are pigmentation degeneration ofglobus pallid, substantia nigra and red nucleus. In 1992 went described for first time in 5 students that presented clinical manifestations of bradypsychia, dysarthria, athaxic walk, spasticity, tremors, dystonic (digestive and respiratory), mental deterioration and visual alteration. Diagnostic realize in base to image study, magnetic resonance is the best. In this study we can to watch hypotenses images to basal nucleus level with central hyperintensity and "eye of tiger" denominated, that indicate iron deposit and neuro-axonal degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrias are a group of metabolic diseases whose management with drugs may be difficult. Any communication about the safety of any drug is useful. We re-open a case of a 20 year old woman who developed an acute porphyric attack after a self-administered diet. Psychiatric manifestations were prominent, basically severe catatonia. Management with olanzapine, high carbohydrate diet and harmful drugs restriction, drove the patient to clinical recovery. As far as we know, this is the first report of this new drug in the acute porphyric attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sock-line hyperpigmentation is an uncommon condition, acquired and it usually arises in infancy. It tends to be confused with child abuse due to lesion morphology. It is a benign condition and it improves over time, without any treatment. We present two patients with diagnosis of sock-line hyperpigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]