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This article discusses the European response to the poliomyelitis epidemic during the mid-20th century. The authors describe the efforts of the Asociación Europea contra la Poliomielitis (European Association Against Poliomyelitis) to promote a vaccination and immunization program against the spread of the disease. They also consider the influence of the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as other international institutions and agencies on public health and sanitation efforts in Europe at the time.