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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is secondary to lung injury and inflammation and is accompained by many cellular and molecular processes, that results in injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane, increased permeability and subsequent interstitial and alveolar edema. Since no specific clinical sign or diagnostic test has not yet been described that identifies ARDS, its diagnosis is base on a constelation of clinical, hemodynamic and oxygenation citeria. The hallmarks of ARDS included the presence of risks factors,for the developed of the disease, severe hipoxemia with a relatively high FiO2, decreased pulmonary compliance, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and no clinical evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Current ARDS treatment involves judicious fluid management, protective lung ventilation with low tidal volumes and positive end experitoriy pressure, multi-organ support and treatment of the underlying cause. The aim of this paper is to review current concepts about ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction of general anesthesia promotes a reduction in lung volumes and atelectasis formation associated with a deterioration of both gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. Higher tidal volumes may overdistend non injured lung, triggering inflammation. Several studies have showed that a protective ventilation strategy with lower tidal volumes, Positive end expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers during anesthesia improved the respiratory function and reduce complications in the postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive review on the subject of ARDS, complemented by the reporting of a case that was treated in Admission Continuing, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Hospital General «Gaudencio González Garza» National Medical Center «La Raza», focusing on the importance of this disease and the treatment options that can be applied in emergencies. The data collection was carried out in the most relevant articles in the PubMed search engine and database of Cochrane. Results: ARDS is a type of diffuse inflammatory process leading to increased vascular permeability, increased weight and decreased tissue ventilated lung areas causing hypoxemia. Conclusion: Pulmonary ventilation in the prone position and protective ventilation significantly reduce mortality in patients with severe ARDS, being feasible to use these strategies in emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]