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With this study were determined the risk profile of Salmonella ssp. and sanitary quality of a meat packing company in the capital. For this, hygienic-sanitary inspections were made as described in the CNICA Sanitary Inspection Guide. Knowledge level of handlers was evaluated by means of a survey. To predict the growth of Salmonella spp. in the plant scenery, the Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) was applied. Risk characterization was estimated with the Ross-Sumner program. Although the hygienic conditions of the facility reached a score of 82 points and the results of the survey were satisfactory, with 85. 9% of correct answers, insufficiencies and abuses were detected in the management of temperatures during the process that could cause the microbial growth. Through the model used, it was possible to predict that when the hamburger dough, with 2.1% NaCl and pH 6.4, is kept at 25 °C, the number of cells reaches the infective dose in 4.1 h, which represents a danger. Finally, through the Ross-Sumner program, a risk for consumers of 67% was estimated, which reflects the probability of occurrence of a foodborne disease outbreak due to consumption of hamburgers, in the event of contamination by Salmonella from raw materials, handlers or cross-contamination during the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

there are numerous pathogens of different life form such as bacteria, parasites and viruses that cause diarrheal infectious diseases in humans. the objective of this article is to review the licensed vaccines for viral pathogens such as rotaviruses and bacteria as cholera and typhoid (ti21a, Vi Polysaccharide) and also based on the pathogen, its morphology, immunity triggering and vaccine manufacturing techniques, the progress of vaccines against norovirus, Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. the strategy of ongoing researches has been focused to develop vaccines that would confer immunity against many serotypes of the same pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The plants belonging to the genus Solanum are known for their broad spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of S. dolichosepalum against bacterial strains S. aureus, Salmonella spp, P. aeruginosa, and A. hydrophila. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts were obtained by solid-liquid extraction in soxhlet equipment, with subsequent concentration by rotary evaporation. To determine the antibacterial activity, the disc diffusion method was used, using Mueller Hinton agar, Chloramphenicol (30 mg sensitives) as a positive control, and extraction solvents as negative controls. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of S. dolichosepalum showed a slight inhibitory effect against S. aureus, Salmonella spp, A. hydrophila, and P. aeruginosa, but it was not enough to be considered significant showing resistance to them. The two types of extracts used, ethanolic was the most active against S. aureus, Salmonella spp, A. hydrophila, and methanolic against P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iindustrial fresh cheese coming from the main companies of the city of Cajamarca, is widely consumed by the inhabitants of the city; however, the population does not know it's bacteriological quality, representing a health risk. Likewise, there is no data base of food intoxications presented in the Cajamarca Region. The objective of the research is to determine the microbial load of fresh industrial cheese, as well as to evaluate its bacteriological quality by means of what is established in the Sanitary Standard that constitutes the Microbiological Criteria of Sanitary Quality and Safety for Food and Beverage for Human Consumption. For this, a total of 30 samples of 0.5 kg each were taken from 6 companies producing industrial fresh cheese (A, B, C, D, E and F). The relevant microbiological analyzes were performed for the determination of viable mesophiles, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The design was completely randomized with 5 repetitions. At the conclusion of the analysis process, the following average valuesof microbial load were reported: viable mesophiles 1.06×105 CFU/g, total coliforms 6.32×103 MPN/g, fecal coliforms 4.75×103 MPN/g, positive samples for Escherichia coli 33.3%, Staphylococcus aureus 4.02×103 CFU/g and absence of Salmonella spp. These results were compared with the Sanitary Standard that establishes the Microbiological Criteria of Sanitary Quality and Safety for Food and Beverage for Human Consumption "(R.M. N° 591-2008-MINSA) concluding that the cheeses from company F present better microbial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) its aquaculture specie most relevant and biggest production in Mississippi. Salmonella spp, with a 67.6%, is the most frequently found pathogen in samples of the channel catfish filet. Objective. to establish in winter and spring the influence of Salmonella sp on filets previous cooling, after cooling, injected and frozen channel catfish, whole fish, equipment, entrails, cooling water and truck water of a processing plant located in Mississippi state. Materials and methods. Salmonella spp was established by the manual method of Food Safety Inspection Service. Results. the influence of Salmonella spp in fillet samples and whole fish exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) between stations, with a 1.33% in winter and 6% in spring. The tools and equipment samples, during winter showed a Salmonella spp percentage that surpassed the allowed limits, according to International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food-ICMSF (1986), which are n = 5; c = 0; m = 0 y M = 0. The strains and water analyzed (cooling and truck) showed values of Salmonella spp inside boundaries. Conclusion. the influence of Salmonella spp in whole fish, fillets before cooling, fillets after cooling, injected and frozen variates between winter and spring stations, presented a bigger influence of microorganism in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and spread of antimicrobial multidrug resistance of Salmonella spp. from food chain is a public health concern global. This study aimed to describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 283 isolates of Salmonella enterica from pork slaughterhouse in Colombia. Antimicrobial susceptibility on ten antimicrobials was evaluated: amoxicillin - clavulanic acid (30 ug), ampicillin (10 ug), ceftiofur (30 ug), ciprofloxacin (5 ug), chloramphenicol (30 ug), florfenicol (30 ug), gentamicin (10 ug), sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (25 ug), tetracycline (30 ug) and tilmicosin (15 ug) using the disc diffusion method. The results showed the high presence of isolates multidrug resistant of Salmonella enterica widespread on environmental of slaughterhouse (46.64% n: 132). 52 multidrug resistance patterns were detected. The most common was ceftiofur - tetracycline - tilmicosin in 9.89% (n = 28) of isolates. These same three antimicrobials were less effective with 96.82 % (n = 274) resistant-isolates against tetracycline, 73.14 % (n = 207) against tilmicosin and 28.27 % (n = 80) against ceftiofur. Of particular concern was the high rate of resistance to ceftiofur due to its cross-resistance to ceftriaxone. The results demonstrate the need to promote and strengthen an official Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and volunteer monitoring systems in each link of the porcine production chain, to contribute to the prevention and control of food-borne infections in the context of safety management system in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A PCR protocol was developed to identify strains of Salmonella from different sources using a set of “primers” PCR specific to Salmonella, for the recognition of 119 bp invA gene sequence. The results met the maxims of selectivity: inclusiveness, all strains of Salmonella presented positive signal for the gene, exclusivity since no strain Salmonella (Shigella, E. coli, E. coli O157: H7) showed no signal positive robustness because in the 14 strains of Salmonella expected signal was obtained in a total of four repetitions with equal working conditions in four non-consecutive days. Also it was reproducible, results were identical by modifying the reaction conditions. Comparing PCR with conventional culture, using nonselective pre-enrichment in peptone water and selective enrichment in selenite-cystine broth, it was found that the PCR was 100% sensitive and specific, with 100% of inclusiveness, 100% exclusive and 100% of both positive and negative predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Fresh fruits and vegetables are an essential component of many people's diet worldwide and their consumption is increasing, due to several factors such as the tendency towards healthier food consumption. Organic acids appear as an alternative to replace chloride in the disinfection of these products, given their good antimicrobial performance and their condition as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). Objective. Determining the E. coli and Salmonella spp's reduction in Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa), by the use of a product based on organic acids. Materials and methods. Lettuce samples were inoculated with known concentrations of Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and E. coli ATCC 8739 y ATCC 25922, which were put before solutions of the product (organic acid) at 1000, 1200 and 2000 ppm during three exposition periods. They were later neutralized with a Letheen broth solution and analyzed by means of on plate accounts. Contaminated samples of not disinfected lettuce were taken as positive controls. The effectiveness of the disinfection was evaluated by analyzing the logarithmic reduction of the microbial population during the time of exposition to the disinfectant, in different concentrations of the active principle. Results. Reductions above 99% were obtained for the lettuce samples inoculated with £ coli Salmonella spp. In the lettuces inoculated with £ coli, the reduction of the population reached 2.09 ± 0.14 Log UFC/g, while the reduction of Salmonella spp was 0.98 ± 0.19 Log UFC/g. The study revealed that the most effective treatment under antimicrobial terms before high populations (105 UFC/g) of the pathogens inoculated was that with a 2000 ppm concentration and a 5 minutes contact time. Conclusion. The in vitro and the inoculation tests demonstrated that E. coli is more sensitive to the disinfection treatment than Salmonella spp. The disinfectant based on organic acids is an effective and safe alternative to reduce pathogen microorganisms in vegetables, reducing the microbiological hazard associated to such products, which are usually eaten raw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper concerns the results of physical, chemical and microbiological studies to the soil after three breeding cycles of pigs in deep bed system at small scale. The physical and-chemical parameters included organic matter, pH, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The microbiological analyses were: Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and helmints eggs. For the statistical analysis of the results was applied to analysis of variance, using a mathematical model of simple classification. In the soil samples are not significant differences for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus at the beginning and end of the three breeding cycles: (15.4 vs 14.4; 0.39 vs 0.43 and 0.45 vs 0.40) respectively. There was not an increase of fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. in it and not found viable helmints eggs. It was concluded that the deep bedding system in the swine production at small-scale after three breeding cycles, not generates pollution to the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Con el objetivo de determinar la inocuidad bacteriológica de los quesos frescos y semimadurados que se venden en algunos "mercados sobre ruedas" en la ciudad de México, se realizó la detección simultánea de Salmonella spp y de Listeria monocytogenes, mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), así como con los métodos bacteriológicos convencionales, según la normatividad correspondiente para cada microorganismo; es decir, la NOM-114-SSA1-1994 mexicana, que constituye un método para la determinación de Salmonella en alimentos; de igual manera la NOM-143-SSA1-1995 mexicana, que representa un método de prueba microbiológica para alimentos y determinación de L. monocytogenes. Se analizaron 120 muestras seleccionadas al azar, provenientes de cuatro "mercados sobre ruedas" de una zona del sur de la ciudad de México. La metodología propuesta para la PCR múltiple se basó en la amplificación simultánea de los genes InvA e Iap procedentes de los genomas de Salmonella spp y de L. monocytogenes, respectivamente; de igual forma, la metodología para la extracción de ADN bacteriano a partir de las muestras se desarrolló con el fin de eliminar o disminuir la posible interferencia de inhibidores propios del alimento mediante centrifugación previa de las muestras y se comprobó que la amplificación de ambos resultó positiva, aun cuando los patógenos se encuentren presentes en las muestras a una concentración de por lo menos 30 UFC/g. Del total de muestras analizadas con la técnica de PCR, sólo tres resultaron positivas a la presencia de Salmonella spp, en ninguna estuvo presente L. monocytogenes, en contraste con los resultados de los métodos bacteriológicos, por medio de los cuales no se obtuvo ningún resultado positivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la inocuidad en camarón de exportación en México, al detectar de manera simultánea Salmonella spp y Vibrio cholerae O1 mediante la técnica PCR-RFLP, conjuntamente con métodos microbiológicos convencionales. Para la reacción de PCR se ampliaron segmentos de ADN localizados en el gen inv A de Salmonella spp y el gen ctx AB de Vibrio cholerae O1. Las muestras de camarón crudo, sin cabeza y congelado, se colectaron de dos empacadoras certificadas para exportación, ubicadas en Sinaloa, México, durante octubre a diciembre de 1999. Las condiciones para la detección de ambos microbios fueron: un ciclo a 94°C durante 5 min para la desnaturalización, para la alineación temperatura de 94°C por 30 seg; 58°C por 30 seg y 72°C por 30 seg, durante 30 ciclos; para la extensión final la temperatura fue de 72°C por 5 min. De las 60 muestras analizadas, por ambos métodos, ninguna fue positiva para los microorganismos estudiados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foodborne Diseases (ETA), are a problem for global public health, the OMS reported in 2015 that nearly 1 in 10 people get sick each year from eating contaminated food and 420,000 die from these diseases. Among the causative agents of ETA, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp included, bacteria that cause listeriosis and salmonellosis, respectively, affecting mainly immunocompromised persons, elderly and children. Objectives: To determine the presence of Salmonella spp and L. monocytogenes in food provided to children in southern Tolima, with the pupose to formulate measures to help reduce the incidence of diseases that can result in vulnerable children. Also, identify the conditions of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and its relation to the presence / absence of these pathogens. Methods: A descriptive survey for Child Development Centers (CDI) ICBF and educational institutions of urban and rural area, offering food to children between 0-12 years, in nine municipalities in southern Tolima was applied. Salmonella spp isolation was performed according to standards ISO 6579: 2002 cor 2004 and ISO 11290-1: 2004 to L. monocytogenes, from samples of raw materials, prepared food and environmental samples. Results: Of 57 food samples, 1.75% were positive for L. monocytogenes and Salmonellaspp. Unprepared food, raw chicken specifically for Listeria spp. It was positive 3.5% of the analyzed samples. 26 environmental samples, 7.6% were positive for Listeria spp. there were no positive results for Salmonella spp. Surveys show that 80% of sites studied sanitize utensils and surfaces often. 60% of sites used refrigeration and freezing to preserve food and 63.6% have no potable water quality. Conclusions: The presence ofSalmonella spp and L. monocytogenes was identified in low percentage in raw materials used in the preparation of foods offered to children; high percentage of places maintain good hygiene surfaces and utensils reducing cross-contamination, thus explaining the absence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The marketing of products of animal origin for human consumption, are of great importance, since its variety and features associated with the production, may not only reflect the hygienic sanitary conditions but also their level of epidemiological risk, in this sense, cultivation and sale of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has massed in several regions of the country, and although they represent an opportunity for growth and economic and social development there is a place not calculated risk that several producers that supply local markets, are not related in the resulting records of food producers and do so without the proper registration. Objectives: To determine the microbiological analysis health hygienic status of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) marketed retail, in the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Methods: For this purpose, were processed twenty-two 22 samples, which were analyzed according to the microbiological aspects contained in the Colombian technical standard 1443 / 2009 for e. coli, S. aureus coagulase positive, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae; the analyses were developed according to the horizontal methods for the study of microorganisms using solid media, supplemented by techniques of isolation and biochemical identification. Finally, he joined with a statistical study by calculating normal distribution, in order to determine the likelihood of potential risk of ETAs. Getting that trout according to their organoleptic characteristics proved to be an acceptable product without signs of alteration, modification or apparent decomposition, microbiologically was determined according to the standard, only 13.6% of samples complies with the established requirements; the greatest indicator of rejection is to e. coli with a 72.7%, while for Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella spp isolation frequencies were calculated between 9.09% and 22.7% respectively; for S. aureus population values were acceptable. Conclusions: There is a low degree of hygienic-sanitary compliance in this type of food, which can be linked to different causes, not identified in this study, but that determination by probabilistic microbiological criteria, the possibility of risk associated with the consumption was estimated at 42, 46% for E. coli, 38.59%, S. aureus; 7.21% salmonella spp and 0.09% V. cholerae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]