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The substrate is one of the main inputs for the production of Yerba Mate (YM) seedlings (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) and its properties must be adequate according to the cultivation system. The objective of this work was to analyze physical properties of substrates made with pine bark compost (CCP) and Sphagnum peat (T) and to evaluate their effects on the morphological quality of YM seedlings produced in alveolar plastic trays. The trial consisted of five treatments: 100% T; 75% T + 25% CCP; 50% T + 50% CCP; 25% T + 75% CCP and 100% CCP. The following variables were analyzed for each substrate: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (Dap), total pore space (EPT), water retention capacity (CRA), aeration porosity (PA) and granulometry. Stem length and diameter, aerial dry mass (MSA) and root dry mass (MSR) were measured on 45 seedlings per treatment and the robustness index (IR) and Dickson quality index (ICD) were calculated. The statistical analyses used were principal component analysis, analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). All the substrates had pH and EC values within an adequate range (5.5 to 6.8 and < 1 dS m-1). The CRA increased and the PA decreased in response to increasing amounts of T, with significant differences among treatments (P < 0.0001). Seedlings grown under 75% T + 25% CCP, 50% T + 50% CCP and 25% T + 75% CCP had higher MSA while those under 100% T had lower MSR. The lowest IR was identified in seedlings under 25% T + 75% CCP and 100% CCP. The seedlings under 75% T + 25% CCP, 50% T + 50% CCP and 25% T + 75% CCP showed higher ICD. In conclusion, YM seedlings with the highest quality and robustness were obtained in substrates with EPT > 85%, CRA = 55%, PA = 35% and Dap = 200 kg m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inadequate fertilization affects the production of quality seedlings, because they need a balanced balance of essential nutrients, in the concentrations required to grow properly. With the above, it was proposed to determine the effect produced by fertilizers calcium triple superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate fertilizers on the variables number of leaves, plant height, plant diameter, root length and root biomass wet seedlings of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume (Myrtaceae). For this, three nutritional schemes were established of N, P, K and Ca (190-35-210-150 ppm) T1; (150-50-250-180ppm) T2; (140-55-300-200 ppm) T3 and a control without T4 solution. After 60 days, the concentrations of N, P, K and Ca (190-35-210-150 ppm) determined greater growth in the number of leaves (22,3 leaves); plant height (157,26 mm); plant diameter (2,41 mm) and wet root biomass (6,6 g). However, the observations indicate that for the root length variable, the treatments supplied with concentrations of N, P, K and Ca, did not show significant differences in their means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maintenance of the live fence of Parkinsonia aculeata Linnaeus in the Marvilla Sector of the "Pantanos de Villa" Wildlife Refuge, Lima, Peru, is of great importance to prevent the passage of external agents that may harm the maintenance of the area and the tranquility of wildlife species. Therefore, two treatments of home irrigation systems with plastic bottles were applied, the evaporation-condensation and the underground, to ensure the permanence of the plant species in the area, and in addition to a control sample. The sampling used was the completely randomized design with 10 repetitions (10 evaporation-condensation, 10 underground and 10 control). Two quantitative variables were evaluated: height (cm), diameter (mm); and a qualitative one: the quality of the seedling on a scale from 1 to 3. In the case of diameter, the evaporation-condensation method was found to be the most effective, in the case of growth in height, no significant differences were found between the treatments, as well as in the quality of the seedling. It is concluded that the method of home irrigation system in P. aculeata with plastic bottles, was the evaporation-condensation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important crop in Mexico and Latin America. The nursery phase plays a primary role in the production process, at this stage, it is susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of biofertilizers based on entomopathogenic fungi (EF) is an alternative to produce healthy and quality seedlings, through biological agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the ability of Beauveria brongniartii and Purpureocilium lilacinum to colonize tissues, promote emergence and improve the plant quality of two papaya genotypes in nursery. An experiment with factorial design A×B was established [A = papaya genotype (hybrid '“Intenzza” and var. “Maradol”) and B = inoculation of B. brongniartii (Bb), P. lilacinum (Pl) and without microorganism]. Emergence percentage (EP), Plant Height (PH), Stem Diameter (SD), Fresh Biomass (FB) and Dry Biomass (DB), endophytism, Lignification Index (LIGI) and Dickson Quality (DQI) were quantified. EP increased (6%, P = 0.0043) with Bb inoculation. Both EF increased the PH (P = 0.00001) by 0.38 (Bb) and 0.37 cm (Pl), and the ST (P = 0.00001) by 0.24 (Bb) and 0.23 mm (Pl), respectively. Aerial and root FB (P = 0.0003) increased with Bb and Pl by 0.16 and 0.1 g, and 0.17 and 0.1 g, respectively. LIGI (P = 0.0128) and QDI (P = 0.0433) were higher with Bb. Both EF colonized different plant tissues. Bb inoculation promoted seed emergence, both EF were able to colonize endophytically different organs of the plant and favored its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate application effect of doses of controlled release fertilizers on the efficiency of the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by coffee seedlings variety Isla 6-14 produced in tubes, the experiment was developed in the nursery of the Institute for Agro-Forestry Research UCTB Tercer Frente, from November 2018 to May 2019. In a completely randomized design, seven doses of the controlled release fertilizer Multicote (0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6 g tube-1) were studied. The fertilizer was applied at the time of preparing the Brown soil substrate-bovine manure in a 1:1 ratio. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the efficiency of use of these macronutrients and their relationship with the seedling's quality index were evaluated. The data were subjected to a simple classification analysis of variance and Duncan's test was applied at 5 % probability to compare the means. The nutrient utilization efficiency was higher for phosphorus followed by nitrogen and finally potassium, regardless of the applied fertilizer dose. When applying the dose of 2 g tube-1 of the fertilizer, the highest efficiency values were found. The seedling's quality index increased with the efficiency of nutrient utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The success of the expansion of fique production in Colombia due to new market opportunities requires, among others, the propagation of quality seedlings from the nursery stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of fique plants (Furcraea macrophylla) from: bulbilos and suckers subjected to two factors: fertilization and luminosity. The experiment was established under a split-plot design, the main plots correspond to the lighting environments of 50, 75 and 100% relative illumination that were generated through mesh-shades and the subplots correspond to two fractionation methods (constant and exponential) of 21 g fertilizer (25-15-5)/plant. Growth was measured eight months after sowing and each propagule was evaluated separately. The highest growth of plants from bulbils was obtained at full-sun with constant and exponential fertilization, where they obtained increases in biomass of 79 and 118% respectively compared to the control. While for the plants from suckers, the best growth response was obtained in the exponential fertilization treatments independent of the light condition and with constant fertilization at fullsun, where biomass increases between 74 and 176% respect to the control. The management of illumination and fertilization is key for the fique growth in the nursery stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under greenhouse conditions, seedlings quality of Leucaena esculenta selected progenies were evaluated. In this sense, in 2017 the plant growth was analyzing according to tree progenies and age after sowing, AAS, using analysis of variance and mean tests (Duncan, 0.05). The progenies and AAS showed separately significant differences (p ≤ 0.0001) in morphological variables and leaf area. Quality indexes showed significant differences between trees (progenies) and AAS, where tree 9 had the highest Dickson Index (4.54 ± 3.03). According to plant quality indexes, it concludes that seedlings from tree 7 were the best with the highest values of the morphological variables. Keywords: leaf area, plant quality index, orthodox seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of coffee seedlings obtained in nurseries is a determining factor in the achievement of highly productive plantations. Was carried out an experiment in Tope de Collantes, with the objective to evaluate the effect of FitoMas-E and two proportions of organic matter in the substrate on the growth of coffee seedlings in the nursery stage. Was evaluated the effectiveness of four dose concentrations of FitoMas-E (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L-1), and two soil proportions - organic matter (bovine manure) in the substrate (3:1 and 5:1), about the growth of the seedlings, with an experimental design totally randomized with bifactorial arrangement. The height of the plant, diameter of the shaft, foliar area and total dry mass of the seedlings to the were evaluated seven months after seeds were set down. The results evidence that the application of FitoMas-E it influences positively in the growth of the coffee seedlings, with increments of their efficiency, in the measure that the doses are increased independently of the conformation of the substrate. The dose of 6 ml L-1 was the most efficient and it was evidenced that with the application of the bioprepared it is possible to diminish the levels of organic matter in the substrate, without affecting the quality of the coffee seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) requires nutrients for the plants to present good quality during their growth in a nursery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response to foliar extracts of Ricinus communis L., Solanum torvum Sw. and fruits of Solanum mammosum L. in mahogany seedlings. The hypothesis was that these extracts improve the quality of the seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments: 1) R. communis L., 2) S. torvum Sw., 3) S. mammosum L., and T4) control without vegetable extracts, and four replications of 45 experimental units. The variables evaluated were morphological (rates of growth in height and stem diameter, and length and number of roots) and of quality (dry weight, robustness index and Dickson quality index). The data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and the means were compared with the Tukey test (p£0.05). The treatments were applied to the seedlings at 15 d of emergence and the extracts were applied to the foliar surfaces every 15 d, with a dose of 60 mL 20 L-1 of each extract. The units were measured every 15 d, during 60 d. The application of the extracts produced growth rates and dry weights 38% higher with respect to the controls. The extract of R. communis obtained the highest rates and the best Dickson quality index (0.28). Therefore, the extract of this species was the best alternative for improving growth and quality of the mahogany seedlings in the nursery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multifloral bee honey and propolis can be used as a nutritional supplement to obtain in good quality seedlings of habanero pepper. For this, ITZM-H1 genotype seeds were planted in trays with inert substrate and were irrigated with water, 50% Steiner nutrient solution and foliar sprays of honey and propolis every two days. The root volume, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of the seedling, aerial and root parts were measured and the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe Zn and Mn, was determined. The experiment consisted on a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and five repetitions. The best treatment for most of the variables was the control (T6= irrigation with 50% Steiner solution) and although the application of honey and propolis in habanero pepper seedlings did not have a positive effect on its growth, it was better observed coloring and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a covered root seedling production system, container characteristics are important because they can affect morphology and seedling quality, mainly root characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of container design (with and without lateral drainage) and color (black, transparent and white) on growth and development of Pinus greggii and P. oaxacana seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial array for drainage design and container color. Seedling evaluation assessed morphological variables: stem height and diameter, dry shoot and root weight, number of live roots, shoot/root ratio, and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). For color, significant differences were found in P. greggii stem diameter and in DQI in P. oaxacana; for the factor design, the container without lateral drainage produced taller plants (p=0.002) with larger stem diameter (p=0.015), as well as more total biomass (p⩽0.001) and root volume (p=0.002) in P. oaxacana. Similar behavior was obtained in P. greggii for these variables, but the container with lateral drainage caused a larger number of live roots in P. greggii (220.3 and 167.2; p=0.002), and in P. oaxacana (372.8 and 246.5; p=0.006). This variable is important since it is related to active radical meristems, which give the seedlings a higher probability of successful establishment in different site conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A forest nursery must be provided with abundant water of good quality water. The water with low quality may contain salts, toxic ions, pollutants or diseases. However, in Mexico the quality of water in forest nurseries has received little attention in research. Because of that in this work is performed a diagnosis of the water quality in forest nurseries of Mexico. Method: In 148 containerized forest nurseries ubicated in Mexico, 1 L irrigation water samples were obteined. Such samples were analyzed in the Central laboratory of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. From the samples were determined the parameters pH, electric conductivity, concentration of bicarbonates, Ca, B, Mg, sulfates, Na and Cl. With the obtained data was calculated the total hardiness and the adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (this last for nurseries that produce the trees in plastic bags). Results: The parameters that exceded the established limits were: pH (84%, 125 forest nurseries), electric conductivity (34%, 50 forest nurseries), and bicarbonate concentration (77%, 114 nurseries); for the rest of measured parameters, only a small percentage excedes the limit values. From all of the forest nurseries, six that produce in containers and two that produce in plastic bags, fulfill the parameters of quality of water. The rest of nurseries have at least one parameter out of the established limits. Conclusion: Most of the forest nurseries in the temperate region have water with high pH and bicarbonates, while high proportion of those in tropical regions have water with high electric conductivity. It is convenient to choose a good location for the establishment of forest nurseries, in order of having availability of a source of good quality water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforestation in Mexico is important to recuperate the productivity of deforested and degraded areas and to maintain that of commercial forests. Only 40% of reforested areas have an acceptable level of survival. Characteristics of seedlings out planted, including shoot/root ratio, are essential factors for achieving the desired results of high survival and good growth after transplanting. This study describes the characteristics of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) and "roble" (Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC when planted at two densities (100 and 50 plants/m²) and in two substrates [soil, and soil + compost (S+C)] in a nursery. The S+C treatment had a significant effect on diameter, height, root biomass and the shoot/root ratio. In soil 76% of seedlings had a shoot/root ratio of 3.0 or less and in S+ C, 21 % of seedlings had a ratio less than 3.0. For conifers a ratio of 2/1 is recommended for dry sites and 4/1 for humid sites. For broadleaves the optimum shoot/root ratio is not known. Two months after transplanting in the field more Swietenia produced with the S+C treatment died but less Cedrela and Tabebuia seedlings did. For the three species the seedlings that died were smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to evaluate seedling performance of Pinus cooperi Blanco planted at two contrasting field conditions: El Carmen, Durango, and Santa Lucía, Pueblo Nuevo, Dgo. The seedlings were produced under the following routines at the nursery: two sizes of container (80 cm³ and 170 cm3), and three irrigation frequencies (every 48, 96 and 168 hours). A split-split plot experimental random block design was established at the two sites. Seedlings survival, height, diameter growth, and phytomass production were evaluated during 18 months. The container of 170 cm3 had a significantly superior effect (p<0,05) on diameter growth and phytomass production, with averages of 9,26 mm and 19,0 g, respectively. The 96 hours irrigation frequency had a significantly superior effect (p<0,05) on diameter growth and phytomass production, with 9,17 mm and 17,9 g, respectively. It was not found a statistical significance (p>0,05) of container sizes and irrigation frequencies on seedling survival and height growth. The plantation site factor had a significance statistical (p<0,05) on seedling survival and height growth. The highest survival rate, 85,6 %, was found at El Carmen, Durango, Dgo, and the largest height growth, 18,5 cm, was recorded at Santa Lucía, Pueblo Nuevo, Dgo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]