Search

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has increased significantly in hospital settings in recent years, more frequently in bacteremia. There are reports of outbreaks, especially in immunocompromised patients. The management of these outbreaks is a challenge for infection preventionists in many aspects due to the excellent antibiotic resistance of this pathogen and that by nature, it has various mechanisms such as biofilm formation, quorum perception, production of extracellular enzymes, flagella, fimbriae, minor colony variant, low small membrane permeability, natural MDR flow systems, resistance genes, and production of chromosomally encoded two beta-lactamases.1 An outbreak is described in a hemodialysis unit of the Toluca ISSSTE General Hospital from June to August 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Plants and microorganisms have been used as bioindicators to evaluate the toxicity of hydrocarbons in soils. Objective: This study evaluates the toxicity of a chronically-contaminated Gleysol with several concentrations of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (WPH), collected from La Venta, Tabasco (Mexico), on the growth of Clitoria ternatea and the phytoxicity attenuation due to inoculation of emulsifying bacteria. Methods: Soils with 50 and 150 g WPH kg-1, and control soil with 0.15 g WPH kg-1 (biogenic origin) were utilized, as well as the inoculation of six emulsifying bacteria and their combination (consortium). The WPH-phytotoxicity was evaluated by considering plant height, dry biomass production (root, shoot, and total), leaf area, specific leaf area, and the efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII), after 30 days. Results: WPH did not affect plant height, but soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 diminished root and total dry weight, and leaf area, when compared to both control soil and soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The strain Sml (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C10S1) significantly increased shoot and total dry weight, while the strain Ro (Raoultella ornithinolytica C5S3) produced higher specific leaf area relative to uninoculated plants. In control soil, the bacterial consortium stimulated plant height. The strains Sm (Serratia marcescens C11S1) and Sm2 (S. marcescens C7S3) improved plant height and specific leaf area when compared to uninoculated plants in soil with 50 g WPH kg-1. In soil with 150 g WPH kg-1, strains Spa (Stenotrophomonas pavanii C5S3F) and Cfr (Citrobacter freundii C4S3) enhanced root and shoot dry weight, respectively. The EPSII was unaffected by soil contamination. Emulsifying bacteria reduced the phytotoxic effects of WP, but depending on the content of WPH in soils. Conclusions: Soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 showed the greatest phytotoxic effects on plant growth. Bacterial inoculation favored growth, biomass production and leaf area in soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The EPSII was not affected by WPH in soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the anthraquinone-rich crude extract of Morinda royoc L. roots. Its inhibitory activity was tested on two plant-pathogen bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), two human-pathogen bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) and three plant-pathogen fungi (Rhizoctonia solani Khn, Stemphylium solani Webber and Sarocladium oryzae Sawada). The extract was prepared at 10 mg·ml-1, previously obtained by Soxhlet extraction method. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity on bacteria, the agar diffusion method was used, whereas the microdilution method was developed to evaluate the inhibitory activity against fungi. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that the anthraquinone-rich extract was effective in inhibiting more than 50% of Xanthomonas campestris growth without significant differences between the different doses. After 48 hours and under the same conditions, growth inhibition ca. 50% of Bacillus licheniformis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was observed at the doses of 150 and 450 µg, respectively. On the other hand, all the selected fungi in this study showed susceptibility to the extract after 48 hours of incubation. The highest antifungal activity was achieved on Rhizoctonia solani, with a growth reduction ca. 50% at concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 mg·ml-1. After 72 hours of incubation, no significant differences were observed in the growth of any of the three fungi. From all the pathogens selected for this study, only Pectobacterium carotovorum showed no susceptibility to any of the evaluated doses of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a priority on a global level. The strategy that best accomplishes this goal is the use of patient care bundles. A bundle is defined as a set of evidence-based interventions for a defined patient segment/population and care setting that, when implemented together, result in significantly better outcomes than when implemented individually. The 4 most known patient care bundles are directed towards the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infections and surgical site infections. Due to an increasing incidence in hospitals, a patient care bundle for Clostridium difficile has been proposed recently, although evidence of its effectiveness is still low. Some authors have contributed ideas to create new bundles that attempt to reduce antibiotic resistance and dissemination of resistant microorganisms as well. Patient care bundles are generally accepted as being useful, but more research is needed to develop better information regarding their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as for the creation of new bundles that may help manage current epidemiologic challenges in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of E-Gnosis is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara, Coordinacion General Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for periods longer than 48 hours. Ventilator- associated pneumonia incidence is reported in literature of 10 to 20% of patients. The early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia is defi ned as pneumonia diagnosed between the third and seventh day. The late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia is defi ned as pneumonia diagnosed after the seventh day. Many risk factors contribute to the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most frequent associated are gram-negative bacilli: Aeuriginosa pseudomonas, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (40%), Enterobacter sp (29%), and Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus (21%). Set a proper diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most important and diffi cult issues in the care of critically ill patients. There are strategies for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, but only a few have proven effective. The attributable mortality is still debated, and has been associated with ranges of 20-70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative rod. It causes infection in immunosuppressed hosts, specially those who are neutropaenic, on chemotherapy and broad spectrum antibiotics. S. maltophilia causes principally bacteremias or ventilator associated pneumonia. Skin and soft tissue infections secondary to S. maltophilia are uncommon but are becoming increasingly recognized entity in patients with cancer or hematological diseases. The clinical spectrum ranges from cellulitis to mucocutaneous and metastatic nodular skin lesions. We describe the case of a patient with severe neutropenia secondary to aplastic anemia who developed cellulitis of the left foot by S. maltophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]