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Objective. To describe the transcultural adaptation of the effort-reward imbalance scale into Brazilian Portuguese and to examine the resulting construct's validity and reliability. Method. Forward and backward translation was used. Internal consistency, testretest reliability, and factor structure were tested in a sample of 100 individuals of both sexes working at a large government-owned Brazilian bank. The sample included different age groups and schooling levels. Results. The adapted version was named escala de desequilíbrio esforçorecompensa. Cronbach's alpha for the three scale dimensions -- effort, reward, and overcommitment -- was 0.70, 0.95 and 0.86, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for these dimensions were 0.82, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively. Factor analysis kept all the initial questionnaire items and was consistent with the theoretical construct of the model. Conclusion. The results indicate that the transcultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the effort-reward imbalance scale was successful and is adequate to assess this situation in work environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]