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Copyright of Clínica Contemporánea: Revista de Diagnóstico Psicológico, Psicoterapia y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kranion is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The convergences between the symptoms of Major Depression Disorder as exposed in DSM-5 and Saint Thomas Aquinas' doctrine on sadness as exposed in Summa Theologica, I-II, qq. 35-39 are analyzed. The Magisterium of the Catholic Church has exhorted for centuries to study of the Aquina's doctrine and to put it in dialogue with the sciences. Thomism is compatible with current psychopathology, provides a comprehensive vision of human being, and contributes to forging a «healthy psychology» based on Christian anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of the frontal lobes is related to executive functions, which are human high order mental functions. These functions are altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may alter the daily living activities of patients. We conducted a neuropsychological testing of frontal lobes with a group of pharmacological treated outpatients with MDD diagnosis and without drug treatment (n = 14) and contrasted with a control group (n=7). The results indicate that patients with clinical pharmacology treatment show a better performance in executive functions neuropsychological tests. Specially in metamemory, planning, working memory, inhibitory control and follow-up instructions, as well as attentional control and memory. However, this clinical pharmacology treated patients still have difficulty on planning, remembering, and manipulating information needed in daily living activities. This suggests that clinical pharmacological treatment may partially improve executive functioning of patients with MDD. However, patients still experience difficulties in daily living activities. As conclusion, it may be important the inclusion of neuropsychological or cognitive therapies, involving executive functions therapy to come along with clinical pharmacology therapy for MDD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The depressive disorder coexists in a high prevalence with a substance-related disorder, which is associated with a worst prognosis. The therapeutic interventions for this co-morbidity lack of the appropriate scientific support. The existing evidence suggest that the currently available anti-depressive drugs are of minor efficacy in this group of patients. An alternative would be the use of different drugs with distinctive neurobiological mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical development of a series of patients affected by this comorbidity under treatment with tianeptine under usual clinical practices. Methods. Study design corresponds to a post-authorization, observational, retrospective, multicentric, study under usual clinical practice study. The clinical history of the last consecutive 100 patients diagnosed of major depressive and substance-related disorders under treatment with tianeptine for at least 3 months was reviewed. The following scales were evaluated in 3 times (basal, intermediate, final): HDRS, ICG and SDS. Results. Most patients were treated by a combination of anti-depressive drugs together with psychotherapy. At the end of follow-up, 70 % patients had a clinical remission in accordance with HDRS and 76 % of them had a mild or significant improvement in ICG. Regarding the use of substances, the most remarkable decreases were obtained in the consumption of alcohol, and cocaine. Conclusion. Tianeptine could be a useful drug for the treatment of patients with dual diagnosis of depression and substance-related disorder, together with other therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder is a clinical entity characterized by a clinical pattern with a core of emotional symptoms (depressed mood and anhedonia), accompanied by cognitive and somatic alterations that produce a marked functional disturbance, as well as significant discomfort. This article reviews the neurobiology of the disorder, and the therapeutic effects of mirtazapine, an antidepressant that acts simultaneously on the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems. Due to the mechanism of action, mirtazapine enhances the release of these neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Current meta-analysis show that mirtazapine is one of the most effective treatments in the approach to patients with Major depressive disorder. Additionally, its efficacy and safety have been studied in special populations, including the elderly and patients with comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the incorporation of the major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980, and until its update in the DSMIV- TR, the DSM classification system considered it necessary to include the criterion of "bereavement exclusion", with the aim of differentiating normal sadness linked to a loss, from a mental disorder, such as the major depressive disorder. In its latest version (DSM- 5), this exception was removed, giving rise to a controversy that continues to this day. The debate has set those who are in favor of maintaining this exclusion and extending it to other stressors against those who have intended to eradicate it. Our hypothesis is that these positions account for two qualitatively diverse clinical and epistemological matrices, linked to major transformations in health sciences and in psychiatry. We show that this debate involved a profound renewal of the meaning of psychiatric practice, a change in the function of diagnosis and in the way of conceiving the etiology of mental disorders, as well as a reformulation of the patient's suffering status for the medical act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing evidence about the role of nutrients in mental health. An adequate intake of nutrients contributes to better overall health and mental health in particular. Major depression is a severe mental illness with a high prevalence for which effective treatments exist but not in all cases the patient's remission is achieved. Therefore, it is increasingly aimed at optimizing the supply of nutrients necessary for adequate brain functioning as adjunctive therapy to antidepressant treatment in depressive disorders. In this article we review those nutrients that have been related to depression: Omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, s-adenosylmethionine, tryptophan, magnesium, zinc and probiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is the assessment of the differences in brain activity when patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) listen to two different types of music, with healthy subjects as control, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activity in musical stimuli with healthy subjects has been investigated extensively, but there are few neurobiologic music studies in mental illness, particularly in MDD. Studies in this area provide a new perspective on interdisciplinary research to explore the neurobiological substrates of MDD. This study involved 20 male subjects: 10 patients (34 ± 7 years), and 10 control subjects (33 ± 7 years). The MDD Patients were selected in the pre-consultation service of the National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM) of Mexico City, and control subjects were selected among workers of the Institute who responded to the invitation. All participants completed the Hamilton scales for anxiety and depression, Beck inventories for depression and anxiety and, the SCL-90-R. The Mini-Mental State Examination test was also administered to patients for diagnostic purposes. The fMRI was obtained by Philips Achieva 3-Tesla in the INPRF; the analysis was done using SPM2 format MRIcro system. The experimental stimuli were two pieces of music: one by JS Bach validated as quiet and another one by J Prodromidès validated as disturbing. Results show differences between both groups of subjects and between types of music. In all cases, the parahippocampal area, the tail of the caudate nucleus and the auditory temporal cortex were activated. The neurobiological processing of music is affected by MDD. We discuss the clinical and cognitive implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To adapt the CUDOS scale (Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale) into Spanish and to test its psychometrical properties in a sample of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A two-step cross-sectional, multicenter validation study was conducted (linguistic adaptation into Spanish and psychometric validation). The study evaluated patients attended in Primary Care with a MDD diagnosis within the last 3 months (DSM-IV TR criteria). The following scales were administered: CUDOS, PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), HAMD-17 (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), SOFAS (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale), SF-36 (Physical –PCS- and Mental –MCS- Component Summaries), and the CGI-S & PGI-S (Clinical Global Impression for Severity of Illness scales for clinicians and patients, respectively). Feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Spanish version were assessed. Results: In the validation study, 305 MDD patients (69.5% female) with a mean age (standard deviation-SD-) of 51.75(15.53) were included. Mean completion time was 4.47(2.4) minutes. Floor or ceiling effects were found in less than 1% of the case scores. Internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach´s α= 0.88). Pearson correlation coefficients with CUDOS were: -0.42 (SOFAS), 0.45 (HAMD-17), -0.22 (PCS), -0.65 (MCS); all p<0.001. The CUDOS properly discriminated among clinical severity levels (p<0.03). Conclusions: The adapted Spanish version of the CUDOS shows adequate psychometric properties as an evaluation instrument of major depression from the patient's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS] is a technique that allows noninvasive electrical stimulation of the cortex with few side effects. An antidepressant effect has been proposed when rTMS is delivered over prefrontal dorsolateral cortex (DLPFC) ⩾5Hz. Quantitative EEG studies have shown increases in alpha and theta power bands as well as frontal interhemispheric asymmetries in most recordings from depressed patients. rTMS over left DLPFC at 5Hz involve a safer and more tolerable procedure, and its neurophysiological correlates has not been explored using EEG source analysis. The aim of this research was to study changes in EEG sources using VARTERA method in a group of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with 5Hz rTMS over left DLPFC as single or combined treatment with escitalopram. Methods 18 patients with DSM-IV MDD diagnosis without treatment for the current episode were included. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A) rTMS+escitalopram 1 Omg, n=9; B) rTMS+placebo, n=9. Subjects received 15 sessions of rTMS on a daily basis. In order to compare changes in EEG sources two recordings were obtained, prior and after treatment. HDRS, BDI and HARD were used for clinical assessments. Results All patients of group A and eight patients of group B showed response to treatment (considered as a reduction of 50% in HDRS score). An increase in absolute power at 9.37Hz and 10.17Hz in temporal and postcentral gyrus on the left hemisphere was found in group B. Absolute power in those frequencies was decreased in the same regions for group A. In addition, an increased power in beta band frequencies was observed in both hemispheres for group A. Conclusion Increases in alpha band could be the hallmark of the 5Hz rTMS, but it could be reduced by escitalopram. Besides, increases observed in beta band for group A could be related to escitalopram effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To design and validate an instrument to assess the level of knowledge of major depression in general practitioners in Chiclayo. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study for instrument validation. The first construct was developed in the year 2010 based on the theoretical framework and was subject to expert judgment. During the year 2011, the questionnaire was subjected again to 12 experts according to the Delphi methodology, yielding a construct of 14 questions: 7 for diagnosis and 7 for treatment. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the relevance and understandability of the instrument The reliability of the instrument was evaluated with the Kuder-Richardson coefficient and the Cronbach's Alpha. Construct validity was performed by factorial analysis. We used the statistical software SPSS v. 15. Results: We interviewed 34 general practitioners (90%) and 6 students (10%) who had completed the courses of Mental Health: 36 (90%) were male and the mean age was 37.5 ± 15 years. The percentiles 25, 50 and 75 of the total score of the instrument were: 4, 6 and 9, respectively. The Kuder-Richardson coefficient was 0.62, the Cronbach's alpha for each questions was greater than 0.55. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin test and Bartlett's sphericity showed that the instrument was one-dimensional. Conclusions: We obtained a valid, reliable and one-dimensional instrument to determine the level of knowledge of major depression in general practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder is a genetically complex disease involving several minor, or susceptibility, genes whose expression may be modulated by many environmental factors. From the classical early linkage studies to the complete genome-wide association (GWA) study methodologies, it is evident that it is difficult to understand the genetic bases of this mental disorder. Many studies have identified one or more gene regions whose variability confers a small risk for developing depressive disorder, explaining a small percentage of the total genetic component of disease with low predictive value. Although the results to date are inconclusive, new approaches based on gene-environment interactions and biological pathway analysis (based on GWA studies) open new and promising perspectives in the investigation of the genetic and biological basis of major depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There are several reports about people with major depressive disorder and elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels. Objective: To evaluate the association between depressive symptoms (DS) and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL6). Methodology: Cross-sectional survey among adult employees of a School of Medicine. Binomial and multiple linear regression were used to correlate CRP and IL6 levels with CES-D test score. Results: A total of 159 people, 55.4% male and aged between 22 and 73 years (mean: 40.8 years). There are association between high IL6 > 3 pg/mL with obesity, and between log CRP levels with to have more than 48 years-old and with inflammatory alterations in oral cavity; there are not association between CES-D test score and CRP or IL6 serum levels. Conclusion: In this population there was no association between serum levels of IL6 and CRP in presence of depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of major depression during pregnancy and to define the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of pregnant women with major depression treated by the outpatient clinic at a hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with simple association. The analysis consisted of 222 pregnant women 16-42 years of age with low obstetric risk who had visited the outpatient services of the Obstetrics Department at the National Materno- Perinatal Institute in Lima, Peru, from 2 June-28 November 2006. Each pregnant woman was given the Edinburgh Depression Scale and a questionnaire on socio-demographic and obstetric data. The relationship between the study variables was determined by the presence of major depression revealed through either Χ² or Z tests, depending on variable type. Results. Of the 222 pregnant women studied, 89 (40.1%) had major depression. Fewer married women tended to be depressed; those with unplanned pregnancies and pregnancy complications were more often depressed than their peers. Age, number of children, gestational stage, educational level, history of abortion/miscarriage, consumption of alcohol or other drugs, lack of family support, and perceived marital, family, or financial problems were not found to influence depression frequency. Conclusions. The prevalence of major depression among pregnant women was very high. Special attention should be given to women with unplanned pregnancies and those experiencing complications during pregnancy, so that an early diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: describir diferencias en grosor cortical, superficie y volumen en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria con depresión y sin diagnostico de depresión utilizando MATLAB. Antecedentes: un tercio de las personas con epilepsia tienen farmacorresistencia, considerándose posibles candidatos a cirugía de la epilepsia. Los síntomas depresivos son más frecuentes en pacientes con epilepsia que en la población general. Se ha estimado que la prevalencia del trastorno de depresión mayor (TDM) es del 30% al 50% para los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. Métodos: estudio transversal, analítico y descriptivo en pacientes con epilepsia focal temporal y extratemporal. Análisis de grosor cortical, superficie y volumen en estudios de resonancia magnética utilizando MATLAB. Núm. de registro del protocolo: 29/19. Resultados: se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 6 con diagnostico de TDM, edad media 34 años; cinco con semiología frontal con una media de 13,8 (+ 9,07) años de evolución y 5 temporales con una media de 30,60 (+ 6,5) años de evolución (p = 0,012). Se encontró menor volumen y superficie cortical entre los pacientes con TDM en la mayoría de los surcos analizados en el análisis del lóbulo prefrontal, orbitofrontal, insular, cíngulo, temporal, parietal y occipital. (p = <0,0001). Conclusiones: en nuestro estudio, la presencia de TDM en pacientes con epilepsia se asoció con menor volumen y superficie cortical en surcos involucrados en la corteza prefrontal, orbitofrontal y cingulada, áreas ya conocidas en patología del TDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and comorbidity with major depressive disorder (ASD+MDD) in flood victims from Tingo María, Huánuco (Peruvian central jungle), 20 days after the traumatic event. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty injured (people relocated after disaster) and 110 affected (people living in their own homes) were surveyed and compared. Was applied to structured clinical interview for disorders axis I from DSM-IV, clinical version. The prevalence of the disorders studied were stratified by age, being a woman, having a partner at the time of occurrence of the disaster, unemployed time of the disaster, not to speak Spanish and have low levels of education. The data were analyzed in STATA v.8.0. Results. The 64.8% (95CI: 58.6-71.0) of the study population had ASD and the 28.3% (95CI: 22.4-34-1) had ASD+MMD. The people injured showed higher prevalence of ASD, 80%, compared with 48.2% for those affected (P<0.001). In the case of ASD+MMD prevalences were 40.0% and 15.5%, respectively (P<0.001). Women are more likely to develop ASD (OR: 4.3; 95CI: 1.6-11.2) and ASD+DDM (OR: 8.7; 95CI: 1.9-40.9) adjusted of other factors. Conclusions. There are significant differences between the prevalence of mental disorders of the people living in a shelter or in their own homes; being higher in those who are forced to live in temporary shelters. Women are more susceptible to these mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is the most common mental illness and the primary cause of disability. Currently, major depression is considered a chronic disorder, with very high lifetime recurrence rates. This article reviews the published literature on long-term treatment of depression, with special emphasis on unresolved issues of long-term treatment such as prevention of relapses and recurrences and optimal duration of maintenance treatment. Current recommendations on the treatment of major depression include three phases: the acute phase (4-8 weeks), where the objective is to achieve remission; the continuation phase, to maintain remission; and the maintenance phase, to prevent possible recurrences. Most of the studies reviewed support antidepressive therapy during continuation and/or maintenance phases, in patients who have responded to acute and/or continuation treatment with antidepressants. Current scientific evidence suggests that the effect of treatment persists for at least 2 years of maintenance treatment with antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedents: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric dysfunction that appears with relative frequency in the women with breast cancer diagnosis or which they are in treatment for the same one. Nevertheless, specific data don't exist in Colombia about the prevalence of depression in the patients with cancer who suffer from subjected to modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction. Objective: To determine the prevalence of MDD in resident patients in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga with modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction. Method: It is a descriptive transversal study; it included women older than 18 years. We applied the SCID I. A semi structured interview for MDD based on approaches of the DSM-IV. Results: 80 women were evaluated with ages among the 30-85 years, with a 58.1 year-old average, SD 13.79; the prevalence was of 42.5%, (95%CI 31.68 - 53.30) for MDD. The MDD was lower than in those women who had social support in 41.2% (PR 2.41; 95%CI 1.56-3.73) and was higher than in women who had problems due to the surgery in 88.2% (PR 3.41; 95%CI 1.35- 8.64), we didn't find association with age, the grade of study, the marital status, the socioeconomic level, pain scale, the occupation and the time of the surgery. Conclusion: In this study TDM prevalencia was higher than similar one in general population; TDM was related directly with the problems derived from surgery and inversely with the social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disease associated to emotional, vegetative and physical symptoms, including for the latter those pain-related symptoms. MDD has a high prevalence rate with a substantial burden of illness, and it expected that by 2020 it will become the second cause of world disability. The diagnosis of MDD is difficult due to the high prevalence of painful physical symptoms, and also due to the fact these symptoms are more evident that the embedded emotional ones. Over 76% of patients with MDD, report painful physical symptoms observed, like headache, abdominal pain, back pain and unspecific-located pain; observing these symptoms can even predict depression severity. In addition, the likelihood of psychiatric disease increases, importantly, with the number of physical symptoms observed; moreover, the remission of physical symptoms predicts the complete remission in MDD. We present an observational, prospective study to examine the clinical profile of Mexican outpatients suffering MDD and determine the relationship between depression severity, painful physical symptoms in quality of life and depression. Methods Adult patients with current episodes of MDD, treated with antidepressants were included. MDD was defined according to the criteria of the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--4th Edition (DSM-IV) or in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Patients should have been free of depression symptoms prior to the current episode for at least 2 months. Duration of current episode should not exceed two years. Treatment-resistant patients and those with other psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. Treatment-resistance was defined as: a) a failure to respond to treatment when two different antidepressants were employed at therapeutic doses for at least four weeks each, b) when the subject was previously treated with IMAO inhibitors, c) when electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) was previously employed. Other exclusion criteria comprise previous or current diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, dementia or mental impairment. Patients were selected in 34 centers in Mexico. Patients were classified according to the presence (SFD+) or absence (SFD-) of painful physical symptoms using the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI); SFD+ was defined as scores = 2 for the pain-related items in the SSI (items 2, 3, 9, 14, 19, 27 and 28). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) quantified pain severity (cervical pain, headache, back pain, shoulder pain, interference of pain in daily activities and vigil-time with pain). HAMD17 and CGI-S determined depression severity, while the Quality of Life in Depression Scale (QLDS) quantified subjective well-being. Linear regression models were employed to compare groups for VAS, HAMD17, CGI-S, and QLDS, to fit the confusions or clinical predictors when needed. Proportions between groups were established with Fisher exact test or logistic regression. Significance levels were established at 0.005 due to the observational nature of the study. In the result tables, standard deviation (SD) is reported as a variation around the mean value as Mean ± SD, and 95% confidence intervals are denoted 95% IC. Results A total of 313 patients were enrolled in the study. All of the enrolled patients were Mexican, almost them were women and had at least a previous MDD episode.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the prevalence of clinical depression in patients over the age of 50. Research has shown that clinical depression is more prevalent in those that have been hospitalized with medical conditions than in the general population. 100 patients were evaluated, their sociodemographic information compiled, and were subjected to a structured clinical interview. The results showed that 38% of the patients suffered from some form of depression. Several risk factors included employment history and if the patient was in a relationship.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, más de 300 millones de personas viven con depresión; en el 2017, Ecuador presentó una prevalencia de 4,6%. La depresión constituye un problema de salud importante ya que puede conducir a discapacidad, deterioro funcional y aumento de mortalidad. Uno de los factores fisiopatológicos de la depresión se relaciona con la deficiencia de vitamina D, estudios apoyan que su suplementación presenta un efecto antidepresivo e incluso reduce el riesgo de su recurrencia. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de deficiencia de Vitamina D y de depresión severa en pacientes del Hospital Psiquiátrico Julio Endara-Quito. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se plantea un diseño epidemiológico transversal observacional. La población corresponde a pacientes del Hospital Psiquiátrico Julio Endara-Quito con diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo, que acepten participar mediante un consentimiento informado. La muestra necesaria es de 167 pacientes. Se medirá concentración sérica de 25-OH vitamina D, serán catalogados como "Deficiencia" aquellos menores a 20 ng/mL. El grado de depresión se evaluará mediante el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, serán catalogados como "Severo" aquellos con puntaje superior 29. RESULTADOS: Alta prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D, con mayor frecuencia de presentación entre los pacientes con síntomas depresivos severos del Hospital Psiquiátrico Julio Endara-Quito. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Los trastornos depresivos son un importante problema mundial de salud pública, cuyo reconocimiento, en primera instancia, es labor de los médicos de atención primaria. Objetivos: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre eldiagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor en médicos de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Chiclayo durante el 2014. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversalcon análisis exploratorio de datos. Se realizó un muestreo tipo censal. Seevaluaron a 111 médicos de atención primaria,86de MINSA y 25 de EsSALUD de la provincia, mediante un instrumento validado, unidimensional. El análisis univariado y bivariado se realizó con el programa estadístico STATA v11.1. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos fue regular en 18 (16,2%) médicos; y bajo, en93 (83,8%). Ninguno tuvo un nivel de conocimientos bueno. Solo 23 (20,7%) recibieron actualización en salud mental en los últimos 4 años. No se encontró asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos y la variables sociodemográficas (p>0,05). Conclusión: El nivel de conocimientos en depresión mayor de los médicos generales de la provincia de Chiclayo fuedeficiente. Las intervenciones educativas sobre temas de salud mental en esta población podrían mejorar el reconocimiento y manejo de los pacientes con depresión mayor y otros trastornos mentales en atención primaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]