Search

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A comparative anatomical study of the different vertebral segments that form part of the vertebral column of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and the cat (Felis silvestris catus) was carried out. The spine is a set of bony structures that play an essential role in stabilization, balance and distribution of force in the body. Anatomically, the spinal column is subdivided into five portions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral and coccygeal portion. They present various characteristics that even differ between species. The importance of understanding the characteristics of the spine of minor animals is based on the fact that the pets receive the most attention in the veterinary clinic, where it is often necessary to carry out complementary tests or surgical procedures in the presence of an injury or illness. There is a variety of anatomical literature on vertebral segments in smaller animals, but not many authors describe direct comparisons between both species. The results of the current study demonstrated a series of anatomical differences that allow us to understand the particularities of each of these species, and that can be of clinical utility for veterinarians of small animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study consists of a comparative anatomical description of the vertebral segments of the equine species (Equus caballus) and the bovine (Bos taurus). The vertebral column corresponds to one of the main axes of support, balance and distribution of force of the body of all living beings. It is characterized by being made up of a series of bones called vertebrae, which are differentiated by segments: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal. Despite the existence of literature regarding the comparative anatomical study, it is not easy to have a text that allows a parallel understanding of the differentiations of the structures or systems under study between species. As a result of the present study, it was possible to identify the main anatomical differences already present in the classic literature of veterinary anatomy. However, I also observe a series of structures not described in a comparative way in the various texts of the specialty. In this way, I sought to contribute to the creation of an article that enhances comparative anatomy, and collaborates in the training of professionals in the veterinary or morphological area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to determine some aspects of the fishing biology, age and grown of Ctenopharyngodon idella during the 2018 annual cycle. One hundred specimens were collected from the Usumacinta River, Mexico. The gonosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes and condition factor (K) were determined. The age was estimated based on age rings counts in vertebrae and applying the von Bertalanffy growth model. Gonadal maturity stages were classified according to Nikolsky. The most frequent sizes were 60 and 70 cm TL. Males are smaller than females (Mann-Whitney, W = 2121.0 and 1094.5, p < 0.001). The length-weight relationship between females and males were statistically different (ANCOVA, F1,106 = 268.54, p < 0.001), and the general male-female proportion did not show differences (X²11= 16.88, p = 0.111). The species presents two reproductive peaks (April and August). The relative fecundity is 78 (±28.63) oocytes/g. The studied population was constituted by ages between 1 and 9 years, being the age 4, 5 and 6 the most frequent. It is concluded that the population structure of this species is composed by young specimens, probably due to high fishing pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sophia, Colección de Filosofía de la Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pre-Hispanic coastal sites in the Maya area are notable by their abundance on shark vertebrae, whose anatomical and taxonomic identification raises difficulties. A proposal for vertebral morphotypological categorization is provided to identify vertebrae of the order Carcharhiniformes. The morphology of the vertebrae of the genus Carcharhinus (C. leucas, C. limbatus and C. plumbeus), Galeocerdo (G. cuvier), Rhizoprionodon (R. terraenovae) and Sphyrna (S. lewini) are described in a comparative and detailed manner. This methodological contribution has potential for ichthyoarchaeological applicability in the Mayan area, as well as in those areas where these species occur, as it allows us to obtain recognition of the position of the vertebral column and assists in the accuracy of taxonomic identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wiski, a male mongrel dog (Pekingese breed) of four-year-old male, arrived for consultation. He presented paraplegia and signs of acute spinal pain. The initial protocol was to treat the emergency with fluid therapy, pain management and blood pressure control. Neurological examination revealed upper motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs, compromised proprioception and urinary function, severe pain at the thoracolumbar junction with a reduced panniculus reflex. Imaging studies (X-ray and CT) confirmed a Hansen type I disc herniation between the thirteenth thoracic vertebra and the first lumbar vertebra. A conventional approach for hemilaminectomy was carried out between T13 and L1 intervertebral levels. A first exploratory pediculectomy was performed on the left side of L1 vertebral pedicle, which revealed disc material in the cranial portion; hence a second pediculectomy was started at T13. Both pediculectomies were joined by hemilaminectomy. Disc material was removed from the vertebral canal and washed with saline solution to finish the synthesis of the muscular planes, thoracolumbar fasciae, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. Postoperative period involved total restriction of movement, antibiotherapy and anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapy. Urinary retention, associated to upper motor neuron signs, was treated with Diazepam exclusively during the first days. During the first 14 days, the animal showed no evidence of pain, sepsis or surgical complications. At 23 postoperative days, the animal recovered the motor activity of its pelvic limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The femoral nerve (NF) is the major branch (or ramus) of the lumbar plexus. It normally originates from the posterior divisions of the second to fourth anterior branches of the lumbar plexus (L2-L4). The psoas major muscle originates at the level of the T12 to L5 vertebrae, fuses with the iliacus muscle and then inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur. Normally, at the level of the lesser pelvis, the NF is found between the iliacus and psoas major muscles. In this paper we present a case where the psoas major muscle is related to divisions or splitting of the NF, this is a rare variation in the division and course of the NF in relation to the psoas major muscle. The NF was observed to divide into two branches above the plane of the inguinal ligament after its origin in the lumbar plexus. The NF on the left side was formed by ventral branches from L2 to L4, at the level of L5 the nerve is perforated by fascicles of the psoas major muscle. The lower division of the NF passed deep to the fibers of the iliopsoas muscle and the upper division passed superficial to the psoas major muscle and deep to the iliac fascia. After a path of 60.21 mm both divisions joined, after trapping iliopsoas muscle fibers just immediately proximal to the inguinal ligament to form the NF trunk. While the embryological causes of peripheral nerve variations date back to the fifth and sixth week of intrauterine life, the clinical expression of neuromuscular dysfunctions will appear several decades later. Thus, physicians in the areas of traumatology and neurology should be aware of such anatomical variants to better understand pain and syndromes associated with nerve compression and during surgical maneuvers in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aims to report an accurate set of osteometric data and identify morphological differences in the vertebral skeletal samples existing in the Amphitheatre of the Department of Human Morphology of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Colombia. Methodology: This is a descriptive study comprising the osteometry and morphological description of 164 dry vertebrae, by direct measurement with digital calibrator and manual gonimetry. Result: In total, the current study reports on 35 cervical vertebrae, 88 chest vertebrae and 41 lumbar vertebrae. Statistically significant differences were found for levels C3 to L5 in the Antero-Posterior and Medium-Lateral diameters of the vertebral body and for C3-T12 levels at the pedicular angle. Conclusion: The level and function of each vertebral region remains one of the main factors affecting the size and morphological characteristics of the different vertebral segments. For the establishment of standards and references, in addition to the morphometric and descriptive analyses of the sample, demographic information is required to establish the relationship between society and skeletal biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anuran family Rhinophrynidae today comprises a single species restricted to southernmost Texas and Central America. Three extinct genera allied to this family are known from the Jurassic (Rhadinosteus) and Eocene (Chelomophrynus, Eorhinophrynus), whereas the sole extant genus Rhinophrynus is known from the latest Eocene (Chadronian) of Saskatchewan and the Pleistocene of Mexico. We provide the first records of the Rhinophrynidae from the Oligocene of eastern North America. From two of the oldest terrestrial vertebrate sites on the Florida peninsula (1-75, early Oligocene; Brooksville 2, late Oligocene), we have identified one nearly complete and several partial humeri, two radioulnae, two partial presacral vertebrae, three partial ilia, and one femur that are all referable to the Rhinophrynidae. These specimens are similar in size to the Eocene Rhinophrynus canadensis, smaller than the extant R. dorsalis, and might be distinguishable from both by features of the ilium and humerus. The presence of rhinophrynids during the Oligocene provides the first indication of change in the anuran fauna on the Florida peninsula during the Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first cervical vertebra establishes a synovial joint with the occipital condyles, without having a fibrocartilaginous disc. This joint articulation is important for the functional anatomy of the neck, because in addition to supporting the weight of the head in humans, it allows movements of flexion, extension and lateral inclination. The first cervical vertebra is known in the Terminologia Anatomica and the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria with the name of Atlas [C1]. The name Atlas, assigned to the first cervical vertebra, was taken from one of the titans of Greek mythology condemned by the god Zeus to support the world with the hands, head, and shoulders, so in figurative terms said vertebra is the one that sustains the cranial world. It is surprising that in the official book of the Terminolgia Anatomica and in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria this eponymous is maintained by a simple tradition, constituting a shameful contradiction that must be corrected and eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica is the property of Revista Argentina de Antropologia Biologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A review is made of the various methodological approaches of specialists in ichthyology and archeology regarding the analysis of bone and cartilaginous fish remains. The review is the process of taxonomic identification and quantification, emphasizing the remains of shark vertebrae, indicating the recommendations of the specialists. Bearing in mind that there is a proliferation of analysts of fish remains in our environment, the risk of bad taxonomic identifications and the misuse of the correct methodology, observations are made that are based on the guidelines of the specialist in ichthyoarchaeology, whose purpose is that future professionals in archeology, biology and other related fields, do not comment on the same mistakes and therefore distort interpretations on the history of pre-Hispanic fishing and the correct reconstruction of exploited marine ecosystems, the analysis of trophic chains and the study of fishing technology in pre-Hispanic times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The distance from the skin to the epidural space is a key element in the lumbar puncture technique, specifically when it has to carry out an epidural block, this in order to spare the patient one of the most frequent complications of the procedure, and are even cause of action for the anesthesiologist, the dural puncture. The published literature so far and from different sources around the world describes the distance between 3-7 cm, with variations according to author and nationality of the study population. The present study addresses this distance using MRI. Objective. To compare with other reports resulting from radiation measurement in Mexican population. Materials and methods. Patients Central Military Hospital, so they obtained MRIs of lumbar male and female patients, 18 to 75 years old, studied in 2011 in the Central Military Hospital in order to carry out the measurement occasion of the study and feasibility angle. Were excluded from the study which showed resonances those structural abnormality in the patient anatomy. Results. The average distance P-EP was 5.428 cm. with a standard deviation of 1.582 cm. The feasibility angle averaged 15.54° with a standard deviation of 6.14°, indicating that the average measurement obtained from patients in the Central Military Hospital in the parameter is considered normal for the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualizaciones en Osteología is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Osteologia y Metabolismo Mineral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of two diets (live food and dry diet) and two different populations of Rhamdia quelen from Argentina (pampean and northeastern area) on performance and skeletal deformities in fish larvae, according to a 2x2 factorial design, was evaluated. At the end of the trial (20 days post-hatching), skeletal deformities were diverse and affected all regions of the vertebral axis. In neither case, these anomalies had an impact on final weight of larvae. The northeastern biotype presented the highest percentage of skeletal abnormalities (72.3%) and lower survival. A high incidence of fused and compressed vertebrae (affecting 22.2 and 19.4% of the larvae, respectively) was observed. Statistical analysis showed that fusions were not affected by the biotype or feeding treatment. However, in the case of compressions, interaction between diet and biotype was found. For this kind of malformations, live food treatment shows not difference between biotypes, while larvae fed dry diet had the highest frequency in the northeastern biotype. These results indicate that to prevent the incidence of bone malformations in R. quelen larvae both factors must be considered (biotype and diet). The differential bone and cartilage staining could be a useful tool for precociously detection of skeletal malformations during early developmental stage in R. quelen larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first components of the dorsal vertebrae, were arches (neural and interneural) and ventral (haemal and interhemal) that relied on the notochord, the next step was the formation of two centers (intercentro and pleurocentro), which served to fix and support the arches. Many fish have dorsal and ventral ribs. In birds cervical ribs are reduced and vertebrae are fused, the first thoracic ribs are floating and the majority present processes allowing muscle fixation and reinforce the chest wall. Mammals have ribs on all thoracic vertebrae, the majority are true. The sternum is a structure of endochondral origin, fish, turtles, snakes and lizards have no sternum. Airborne fowl are provided with a large sternum prominent ventral keel. Development of the axial skeleton: The notochord and ventral neural tube express Sonic hedgehog (SHH) that induces the ventromedial portion of somite to become sclerotome and express the transcription factor Pax-1, which controls the formation of cartilage and bone that constitute the vertebrae. The expression pattern of Hox genes in vertebrates is what determines which type of vertebral structure is to be formed. The appendicular skeleton comprises the pectoral girdle consists of dermal and endochondral skeletal elements, holding the pectoral fin and pelvic girdle, consisting only endochondral elements that sustain pelvic fin. The forelimbs and hindlimbs of tetrapods are built on the same pattern, differing in three regions: autopod, zeugopod and stylopod. Appendicular skeletal development: Is formed from somatic lateral mesoderm and the apical ectodermal ridge. The lateral mesoderm receives somatic myotome and dermatome cells to form the outline member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cervical stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal or the intervertebral foramina at different anatomic levels, secondary to pathologic processes of the vertebral elements. Surgical management is used when conservative management fails. The anterior and posterior approaches are the most frequently used ones, and the surgical options resulting from these approaches are: anterior cervical diskectomy plus fusion, anterior corporectomy plus fusion, laminoplasty, laminectomy and arthroplasty. Material and method: This is an ambispective study conducted in 195 patients with a diagnosis of cervical stenosis who required surgical treatment at our hospital from January 1995 to January 2007. The neck disability index questionnaire was applied, as well as the Nurick scale. Descriptive statistics was used with frequency and percentage measures. Results: The review of the National Rehabilitation Institute electronic records from January 1st 1995 to December 31st 2007 showed that 195 patients underwent surgery for cervical stenosis. Females were predominant. The most affected age group was 46-55 years. The most frequently affected level was C5-C6. A significant improvement was seen in the neck disability index due to pain and the Nurick scale. Conclusion: According to world literature, mean age of patients with cervical stenosis is 57.2 years, and the most compromised levels were C4-C5 and C5-C6. Improvement was evident according to the neck disability index and the Nurick scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of patients with spine conditions has grown exponentially in recent years leading to an increase in the number of cases requiring surgical treatment. Currently vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach represents the most commonly used technique to treat any type of vertebral disorder. The morphometric characteristics of vertebrae, particularly the pedicle, determine the size of pedicular implants, including width and length, as well as the shape and direction of the screw and its ideal angulation at the time of introduction. Knowing these characteristics is important to prevent injuring important adjacent structures and to decrease the postoperative complication rate. In recent decades numerous studies on the morphometric characteristics of the vertebral pedicle have been conducted in different populations to determine its real dimensions by means of direct measurement and imaging methods. These studies have concluded that there are significant differences in these measurements among the different ethnic groups, races, genders, ages and the vertebral regions studied. This paper analyzes the different morphometric studies of the pedicle and all the other vertebral elements studied in Mexico and the rest of the world and explain the importance of their knowledge and surgical application for the correct development of vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To increase our knowledge of the morphology of the genus Cetopsorhamdia, a redescription of the type species C. nasus is presented. External morphology, configuration of the skull, complex vertebrae, free vertebrae and associated structures, pectoral and pelvic girdles, dorsal fin, and caudal skeleton are described in detail. A diagnosis for the species, based on comparisons with other valid species in the genus, is proposed. A previous description is discussed, and the position of the genus within the family Heptapteridae and sub-clade Nemuroglanis is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knowledge of the morphometric anatomy of cervical pedicles is essential for the safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws during instrumentation of the cervical spine. Screw placement in the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae is considered as a safe practice, unlike the cervical vertebrae due to the risks involved. There are few reports on this technique. The little available information comes from populations different from the Mexican population. Knowing the measurements of each cervical vertebra will provide proper screw orientation and selection at the time of screw placement. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study in subjects who presented at the outpatient and emergency services. Patient's in whom a CAT scan of the cervical spine was ordered as part of the work-up protocol, from April 1st 2010 to October 31st 2010, were included. A morphometric anatomic study was undertaken using the CAT software. In a saggital view: a) Saggital angle, b) Saggital diameter. In an axial view: a) Work distance, b) Cross-sectional angle and c) Cross-sectional diameter. Results: The following measurements were obtained for each segment from C2 to C7: mean, standard deviation, range and minimal and maximal values. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Appropriate preoperative planning prior to cervical transpedicular instrumentation is essential to achieve greater accuracy during screw placement. The information obtained allows performing the procedure. As a result of this, a report based on out center's experience may be disseminated thus sharing our technique with the medical community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neck region of the Llama (Lama glama) has several structural and functional particularities in comparison to the same region of other domestic mammals. Among them, it is noticeable a distinctive venous circuit whose description is the purpose of this study.In order to perform the study, the veins of the neck of ten adult, male, wool type llamas were dissected with conventional technique. Previously to dissection, the veins were filled with a repletive substance.The authors describe the morphology of a venous circuit in which external jugular vein (v. jugularis externa), vertebral vein (v. vertebralis), and intervertebral veins (vv. Intervertebrales) are the main participating vessels. The distinctive feature is the fact that the metameric anastomoses between the forenamed veins leads to a jugular-vertebral by pass.The existence of venous shunts provides a circuit of collateral circulation, diverting the blood mainly towards the external jugular vein. Grazing habits and the length of the neck suggest that the vascular structure previously described facilitates the venous return, contributing to the regional blood stream control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualizaciones en Osteología is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Osteologia y Metabolismo Mineral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vertebral osteonecrosis is characterized by the presence of the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon. It is a relatively uncommon disease and although it may be caused by different pathologies, the most frequent cause is posttraumatic. The explanation for the presence of intravertebral gas is not known completely. We present the case of a 74-year-old patient who after suffering a vertebral tvaumatism, to complain of intense vertebral pain. A simple radiological study, CT scan, and magnetic resonance confirmed the presence ofintravertebral vacuum phenomenon. We studied this radiological sign and then commented on its evolution after percutaneous vertebroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Canine disc disease can be cervical or lumbar-thoracic. Disk injuries are most common between a T11-L12 inter spaces. A syndrome is observed frequently in chondrodistrophic and small races, such as Dachshound, Beagle, Caniche, Shitzu and Maltese. It is classified by veterinarians in two types of disk degenerations: they are Hansen type I and type II protrusions. Objective. To introduce a new method that allows a diagnosis of a canine disk disease by the use of magnetic resonance. Materials and methods. A magnetic resonance was used by veterinarians for a final diagnosis in a disk injury in a Beagle that also had a disease related with a Euthyroid Patient Syndrome. Results. A definite diagnosis of a lumbar herniated disk was confirmed by the use of magnetic resonance. Results of a blood chemical, a thyroid hormone analysis and a patient's clinic history show a syndrome compatible with that of the euthyroid patient. Conclusion. A magnetic resonance can be a certain method for a definitive diagnosis for disk injuries in small animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La perspectiva biopsicosocial se centra en la interacción entre las variables biológicas, psicológicas y médico-legales de los pacientes que se enfrentan a una enfermedad crónica. Se considera que dicha perspectiva es el abordaje más integral y heurístico para la evaluación psicológica del enfermo con trastornos vertebrales. La valoración tiene lugar en tres etapas, desde los índices globales de tensión emocional a la evaluación de diagnósticos más específicos de psicopatología. La etapa 1, el cribado inicial, utiliza instrumentos psicométricamente válidos para determinar el grado de tensión emocional del paciente. La etapa 2, la entrevista psicosocial, indica si es necesario realizar pruebas psicológicas adicionales. La etapa 3, la evaluación prequirúrgica, valora a los pacientes en los que se contempla una intervención quirúrgica. Esta evaluación por etapas proporciona resultados basados en la evidencia, ayudándonos a identificar al paciente que podría ser especialmente rebelde a una determinada intervención terapéutica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en el tratamiento y complicaciones de las fracturas toracolumbares. Se presenta detalles sobre como evaluar un paciente con la fractura y la técnica quirúrgica en tratar el paciente. También se incluye información sobre el uso de los instrumentos quirúrgicos.

Abstract: An incomplete skeleton from Puesto Morales (Neuquén Province, Argentina) is described as a new species of sauropod, Zapalasaurus bonapartei. The unit that yielded the holotype of this dinosaur is the Piedra Parada Member of the La Amarga Formation, whose age is regarded as Barremian-lower Aptian. Several characters are interpreted as autapomorphies of Zapalasaurus bonapartei: cervical vertebrae with a lamina uniting the prezygapophysis and the zygapophyseal portion of the postzygodiapophyseal lamina, cervical vertebrae with the diapophyseal portion of the postzygodiapophyseal lamina reduced, cervical vertebrae with poorly developed spinoprezygapophyseal laminae, mid and posterior caudal vertebrae with anteroposteriorly elongated neural spines, whose anterodorsal corners are higher than their posterodorsal ones, and caudal centrum length doubles over first 20 vertebrae. Zapalasaurus bonapartei is considered as the sister group of the other diplodocoids (excluding Haplocanthosaurus). Diplodocoids were abundant in the Early Cretaceous, becoming extinct by the early Late Cretaceous. The record of Zapalasaurus bonapartei shows that, at least in the Neuquina Basin, basal diplodocoids were more diverse than previously thought. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The effects of vitamin A palmitate (VAP; 2.7, 27 and 165 mg/100 g diet), β-carotene (βC; 1, 9 and 50 mg/100 g diet) and retinoic acid (RA; 2.8, 28 and 166 mg/100 g diet) on the incidence of deformities in red sea bream (Chrysophrys major) larvae were examined using zein-based micro-bound diets during 15 days. Growth (final body weight, weight gain and total length) and survival rate were affected by the increasing supplementation of these compounds. The abnormalities observed in the larvae included the compression or apparent fusion of the segments in the notochord and mouth deformities. Compression/apparent fusion of the segments was detected mainly in vertebrae of the hemal zone, affecting the total length of larvae. Incidence of these deformities increased with increasing levels of VAP, βC and RA in the diets, but a significantly higher percentage of affected vertebrae was observed in the larvae fed the diets containing RA. The effect of βC was unclear in the present experiment, since only the highest concentration caused significant incidence. The results of this study show that dietary vitamin A may be related to the vertebral deformities in red sea bream larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In spine the term spondylolisthesis is the slip of a vertebra on another in anterior later sense or laterally from its previously normal position in most of the cases the lack is in the "pars articularis" and can being of congenital or acquired origin. Objective: To carry out a clinical valuation in patient posoperative in our hospital, with posterior lumbar instrumentation with spondylolisthesis diagnosis, likewise, to compare the pre and postoperative symptoms. Methodology: It is carried out observational, longitudinal, retrospective, descriptive and opened study in a period from january to july 2001 including six patients with spondylolisthesis to capture in consultation external. Results: To the two months of the posoperatory all the patients maintain the muscular force 5/5, with decrease of the lumbar painful symptomatology and of pelvic members. It didn't improve the sensibility in a patient at level of member pelvic right presented preoperative and until the four month of the posoperatory. The surgical technique used in the hospital for the handling of the lumbar spondylolisthesis has demonstrated to be and appropriate form to diminish the symptomatology, without muscular deficit and with conserved sensibility, with scarce secondary complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study on vertebral bodies from a porcine corpse was performed by simulating a percutaneous biopsy in order to fill the vertebral body with methyl methacrylate (MM) to increase its resistance. Material and methods: In vertebral bodies from a corpse and a pig, previously X-rayed in lateral and tangential PA, MM was applied to a dilution of 1 to 1.5 in an amount of 3 ml in a corpse and 2 ml in a pig. Compression tests with a universal Instrom machine were carried out, recording data through a computer every millimeter of shortening, with the result of a vertebral corpse requirement of a 28 kg load to deform the vertebral body in 1 mm with respect to its height (witness), comparing it to the one that was applied MM, which required 62.4 kg to deform the vertebral body in 1 mm (this demonstrates a 2.23 times increase in resistance). In the case of the pig weighing 146.5 kg, it increased up to 207 kg to deform the vertebral bodies in 1 mm (resistance increase equal to 2.23 times). Conclusion: This study is very useful to support the thesis of filling vertebral bodies with MM in case of metastasis or osteoporosis, since the 3 ml application to a dilution of 1 to 1.5 increases its resistance in 2.23 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the hypothesis that there is no published study reporting a proper method for the result assessment of thoracic-lumbar fractures treated through anterior via, it was analyzed the publications found from the last twenty years. The objective was to propose a result evaluation method when treating these fractures through anterior via. Material and methods: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study on a patient series diagnosed as presenting thoracic-lumbar fractures that required surgical treatment through anterior via. Thirty-four articles from the last twenty years were reviewed. Every article was reviewed along with the patient descriptive data, technique and each article variables. Results: From the 34 reviewed articles, 29 reported sex and 32 patient's age. Twenty-nine articles indicated the fracture classification. In regard to fracture classification, 3 articles do not specify and 8 another ones do not describe them completely. Preoperative neurological condition was reported in 32 studies. Following time was reported in 27 articles. Complications are informed in 27 articles. The period going from the traumatism to the surgical treatment is mentioned in 15 articles. Discussion: The results of the present study demonstrate that neither the same variables nor the same measurement methods are included in the reviewed literature. Since there is no standardization in variable inclusion and the reported measurement methods when treating thoracic-lumbar fractures, it is not possible to verify them and that makes their application very difficult. Conclusion: Required variables to report articles studying thoracic-lumbar fractures treated through anterior via are proposed in order to have a complete, trustful and homogeneous analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative postcranial characteristics, number of osseous elements, and their intrapopulational variation are described for a sample of 60 Glossophaga morenoi. There are 267 postcranial elements in 70% of the specimens examined. Deviations from this quantity are due to variation in number of vertebrae and associated ribs. Because of their high degree of morphological similarity in skull characters, species of Glossophaga have been considered as sibling species. Postcranial features reflect this trend. In general, postcranial morphology of G. morenoi closely resembles that of G. soricina, the only other species for which detailed postcranial information is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work analized of the pH variation, at the level of the 12a dorsal vertebra for the U. E., 9 a dorsal vertebra for Kosher cuts and all the diferent cuts (nine at total) obtained from the front quaters bovines. For determination were used cooled quaters of bovines, convention Israel - Argentina (7 °C in 24 Hs.) and back quartes maturated in traditional form (24 at 48 Hs. at the temperature of camera between 2 °C and 4°C). It was determinated the pH in the cuts after the entrance to despostes and sukequently at find rinse, they were not observed variations at the values obtained. It was made several determinations for aplications atatisticmethods to many samples, normal distribution (Gauss). They were observed pH variation from cooled cuts (Israel) and maturated cuts (U. E.) near 0,3 upH. In someone cuts the pH is not constant, there observed the flexor muscles in shin, neck and shank base a greater pH., (more than 6 upH); the congelation and descongelation no make variations. As the result of pH in not constant in every cuts, the defference deppend at the considerated muscle very important in shin, neck and shank were the flexors muscle in accord depending of the activity and or relation between conectiv tissue, the ph meditions were not minor at 6 uph, independently of cooled or maduration procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]