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This research is based on the interest in defining the content of Spanish amphorae used for centuries as containers for agricultural products that were exported from Spain to its American colonies. To do this, we have analyzed a series of fragments of botijas that were found in the colonial stratigraphic levels of the Historic Downtown area of Mexico City. These are 10 samples recovered within the framework of the archaeological excavations of the Templo Mayor Project of the National Institute of Anthropology and History. The results obtained have allowed us to establish that the content of these botijas was not always the same. We identified the presence, often combined, of plant origin products (probably mainly oils and wines), although in certain cases there were also products of animal origin. At the moment, we have not been able to define what the preferred content of each of these containers was and what the sequence was in the bottled products. However, we were able to confirm that it is possible to analyze glazed pottery, obtaining from them key information that will allow us to define the use of most of the vessels from the New Spain colonial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work offers a reading of the character Luis from the Novel of the Jealous Extremaduran by Miguel de Cervantes that connects him with the cyclops Polyphemus from Book 9 of Homer's Odyssey. This study of the elements of wine, music, Luis's blackness, and his mule, reveals a subtle association between both characters. In addition, a diachronic study of the myth of Polyphemus shows him to be in love with the nymph Galatea. Galatea's rejection of Polyphemus's love forces him to show his musical mastery, which he does by singing of his heartbreaks accompanied by his musical instrument. By these means, Cervantes introduces a literary and parodic imitation of Polyphemus, who now appears to be transformed into the eunuch Luis. This essay explores the literary adaptation that Miguel de Cervantes makes of a well-known mythical encounter which he offers to his readers in a hidden and humorous way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Boletín Económico de ICE is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research developed an analytical methodology for the analysis of total polyphenols in wines, using a flow injection analysis system (FIA) with amperometric detection, using an electrode modified with multilayer carbon nanotubes. For this purpose, the procedure for the elaboration of MWCNTs dispersions, using polyethylenimine as dispersing agent and its use for the modification of glassy carbon electrodes, was initially evaluated. The processing conditions were: 0.50 mg-mL-1 nanomaterial concentration, 0.25% (m/m) PEI, 2000 J of dispersion energy in PEI, centrifugation (2500 rpm; 20 min) and finally, redispersion in water applying 2000 J of energy. These electrodes show lower oxidation potentials, higher peak intensity and lower I/C ratios than the unmodified electrodes. Finally, this FIA methodology was developed incorporating the optimized electrode [GCE(PEI-Water/MWCNTs)], in order to detect and quantify total polyphenols, obtaining improvements in stability, reproducibility, greater sensitivity and possibility of selective detection of these compounds, in the analysis of white wines made with two types of grapes: Verdejo and Airén. This developed methodology could provide additional information from electrochemical indices, generating an alternative analysis to spectrophotometric studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine-growing areas of the Douro river have achieved a great commercial projection under the protection of territorial brands that guarantee their quality in global markets. However, the evolution of consumer preferences and the limits and contradictions of the production models in the vineyard and in the winery, explain the emergence of new differentiation strategies. This article analyses the case of the PDO, where the specificity of its main variety -verdejo- and the investments made to modernise the sector, generated an unusual economic and demographic dynamism in a region where depopulation was widespread. An accelerated growth of vine plantations and wine production and the commercial blockade resulting from COVID-19 have acted as a catalyst in the activation of singularisation strategies. Using participatory methods, the paper explores these processes of change and the role that landscape -as an expression of territorial and viticultural diversity-can play in the marketing of singular wines from La Seca. This municipality, located in the heart of the PDO, stands out for its winemaking tradition and business dynamism, being the most densely wine-growing area in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its history, and its socioeconomic and cultural relevance, viticulture is one of the most important economic activities in central Chile. Peasant agriculture participates in this market as a supplier of wine grapes and as a producer of wines of various qualities. However, given the high concentration of the domestic market, the deployment of non-competitive practices by the main actors and the regulatory weakness of the State, farmers have had to implement various associative upgrading strategies in order to reduce costs, increase quality, ensure competitive volumes and prices, and access dynamic markets. One of these associative upgrading strategies is the certification of winegrowers' organizations under the standards of the Fairtrade International system. Based on a comparative analysis of five case studies, corresponding to the set of Fairtrade-certified small winegrowers' organizations in Chile, this article analyzes the diversity of associative upgrading strategies and their economic results. Using interviews with key informants, the following issues are characterized: (1) business models and competitive strategies for each organization; (2) the upgrading strategies implemented; (3) industry forces; (4) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by organizations; and (5) the economic results obtained. This analysis makes it visible that the Fairtrade certification, along with other upgrading strategies, appears to be related to positive economic results for producers, allowing them to overcome the oligopsonic structure of the domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The second decade of the 20th century has been characterized by the reconsideration in linguistics on the role of the metaphor and the metonymy in the everyday language and in the specialized languages. Furthermore, the evolution of terminology made possible to leave behind the Wüsterian tradition, which considered these rhetorical figures as an ornamental element, and it has allowed to provide a new perspective of their role in the knowledge transmission. This paper is focused on the study of wine tasting discourse in a multifaceted perspective, considering lexical, morphosyntactic and pragmatic factors. Finally, this study concludes that wine tasting discourse is a language for specific purposes, whose primary role is to transmit objective information in a highly subjective process as wine tasting, which is characterized by terminological gaps. In order to avoid these gaps and to create specialized terms which could be shared by a community of users, wine tasters make use of metaphorization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It is intended to open a debate on two different issues: the landscape of Puerto de Menesteo in the time of Strabo and the possibility of the winery of Puerto de Menesteo in the current Sierra de San Cristóbal being walled. In the first case, the interpretation of Strabo’s text made by Pepa Castillo and Pilar Iguácel on the situation of the island cited in the passage which mentions the communication between Puerto de Menesteo and Asta is questioned. The second theme focuses on the design of the complex excavated in the Sierra de San Cristóbal as a wine production unit (winery), its parallelism with the Alt de Benimaquía (Denia, Alicante), and the possibility that it is walled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the origin and evolution of the production and commercialization of wine in Arequipa, taking as a documentary basis the purchase and sale manuscripts and the municipal agreements to regulate its marketing and means of transport. From the interpretation of the purchase and sale clauses two stages are reconstructed: the wine brought from the Iberian Peninsula and the wine produced in the Arequipa valleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The TOE (Technology Organization Environment) model is described and correlated with the intention to adopt information systems in micro, small and medium-sized companies in Guadalupe Valley, Mexico. The sample was based on 25 companies, with the result that some factors of the TOE model have a positive relationship with the intention of adoption according to the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The importance of analyzing the factors that influence the adoption of information systems lies in the need for companies to have these systems in order to increase their productivity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to present the Arabic edition and Spanish translation of the second and last maqāla of Kitāb fīl-sharāb, or Treatise on wine, by al-Rāzī. The treatise is organized into two sections: the first is a description of the benefits and harm caused by drinking wine, while the second presents the different types of wines. This second section is the subject of this paper. The manuscript used in this undertaking is manuscript number 5240 of the National Library of Spain, a miscellaneous volume containing eleven treatises of varying lengths, whose themes revolve around medicine, pharmacology and dietetics. In its entirety the treatise studied comprises over fourteen folios (fols. 73r-86v) while the part that concerns us here is between fols. 82r-86v. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research study is to determine the most influential variables in wine sensory quality by applying artificial intelligence techniques. The variables examined included one dependent variable (quality) and 10 independent variables: volatile acidity, citric acid, residual sugar, chlorides, total sulfur dioxide, density, pH, sulfates, and alcohol. A total of 300 records were obtained from a database and the most influential variables were statistically selected to structure a file. This file is analyzed using the J48 algorithm (Weka Platform) by cross-validation training. The results show that, with over a 95% effectiveness, the most influential variables in the quality of wine are: alcohol, pH, sulfates, citric acid, and the proportion of alcohol and sulfates. It is concluded that controlling these 4 variables is sufficient to improve wine quality. However, it is necessary to conduct further research by expanding sampling spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Puerto de Santa María is one of the main producing cities of the Marco del Jerez [Sherry Triangle] wines. Since the late 18th century, it gained an increasingly remarkable position in the wine sector, which attracted many entrepreneurs who, willing to participate in the business boom, set up their wine houses in the city. This was the case of Pedro Lacave and Juan-Pablo Echecopar, two merchants established in Cádiz who, towards the middle of the 19th century, set up a commercial house in El Puerto to specialise in the wine trade. This paper includes their arrival in the city and the process of setting up their commercial company, as well as an analysis of exports, in order to understand the level of development of their commercial activity. The results show that the role of this type of entrepreneur was essential for the development of the wine industry in the region, and the study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the Economic History of the area towards the middle of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text approaches the recovery of industrial environments from influence-centered perspective, which both the natural landscape and the productive activity have on the configuration of the contemporary identity image of intermediate cities. The case of Sanlúcar de Barrameda is studied in depth to support the hypothesis that the landscape and industrial background of a given territory are responsible for setting its future challenges and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish model of geographical food quality certifications shows signs of exhaustion. The recent changes question its function as a mechanism to protect territorial rents, forcing to analyze the practices of the actors in the value chain with new approaches. Focusing on the analysis of the Protected Designation of Origin "León", the objective of this work is to interrogate about the determinants of the generation of value in a post-industrial economy. The central importance of certain mediations between production and consumption, that systematize, connect, interpret and validate local knowledge was verified, which present a deficient behaviour that negatively affects the improvement of the quality and the value of the wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Arginine is quantitatively one of the most important amino acids in grape musts and wine. Arginine concentrations in grape juices range from a few hundred mg ml)1 to 2, 4 g l)1, depending on grape variety, soil, viticultural practices and fermentation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie II, Historia Antigua is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role played by synergies between wine culture, territorial identity and tourism may be crucial for rural development. This research focuses on the perception and experiences about this topic by the local actors in the territory of the Denomination of Origin Ribeira Sacra (NW Spain). The research relied on twelve in-depth interviews. The wine culture, along with its landscape and heritage, favors the consolidation of tourism strategies. The synergies between the world of wine, identity and tourism generate values that are essential for rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]