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The article analyzes the environmental history of the arid ecosystems of lower southern California, Mexico. Proper cultivation of the land was introduced by Jesuit missionaries and ranchers in the 18th century to the indigenous populations, sustains the author. The sustainable use of natural resources and the use of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern oases culture by the Indian population is discussed. The consequences of the perforation of wells for extension, soil exhaustion and the overuse of land and water between 1950 and 1990 are addressed by the author.

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