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The ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Asturias on June 10, 2024 resolves an administrative dispute regarding the denial of authorization for the Teixo Wind Farm in Taramundi. The appealing company challenges the decision based on a negative urban planning report, arguing that the installation of wind energy is of higher public interest. The Court determines that the municipal report is only binding on urban planning aspects and that the completion of the procedure for urban planning reasons is legitimate. The contested resolution is annulled and the procedure is ordered to be reverted to address deficiencies and consider the presumption of higher public interest for renewable energies. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Técnica Industrial: Revista Cuatrimestral de Ingeniería, Industria e Innovación is the property of Fundacion Tecnica Industrial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research study proposes a methodology based on data science to estimate the technical feasibility of implementing hybrid solar-wind power systems by calculating the plant factor, also known as capacity factor (CF). Data is gathered from the NOVALYNX 110-WS-18 weather station, between the years 2018 and 2020, to determine the energetic potential available for the Candelaria campus at the La Salle University (Colombia). A k-means data clustering algorithm, developed in Matlab, is applied over the following descriptors: time, solar radiation, wind speed, and temperature. The results show that the photovoltaic and wind power systems have a CF of 36.69% and 2.15%, respectively. It is concluded that it is technically feasible to implement a photovoltaic system at the La Salle University, but not a wind power system as it does not meet the minimum CF required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on two environmental legislations in Spain. Firstly, it presents Decree 46/2022, of November 24th, which regulates the administrative authorization procedures for electrical installations in Castilla y León. This regulation aims to simplify procedures and establish economic-financial requirements to ensure the viability of projects. Additionally, the process of competing wind farm projects is eliminated to promote equal conditions. Secondly, it mentions Order 64/2022, of October 21st, which establishes measures to promote energy communities in Navarra. This regulation seeks to promote the participation of citizens, local entities, and SMEs in renewable energy projects, recognizing their role in the energy transition towards a decarbonized model. [Extracted from the article]

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a threatened species, considered of conservation priority in Mexico, where prospection of new nesting territories, and nest studies are of importance. In this study, we identified a new nesting territory in the State of Jalisco, Mexico, and determined occupancy, number of nests and number of Golden Eagles. Observations were carried out in 2015, 2021 and 2022 in Cañón El Espía, at the Ojuelos de Jalisco-Lagos de Moreno border. In this period, we observed five Golden Eagles, including adults and immatures. Each year a breeding pair nested in the canyon, although the nesting pair in 2015 was not the same as that in 2021 and 2022. Nesting productivity was 0.333 fledglings/nest. We noted turnover of adult individuals replaced by juveniles that may indicate high Golden Eagle mortality, and could provoke the low productivity observed. Persecution by cattle ranchers and conflict with wind farms are two potential threats to Golden Eagles in this newly discovered nesting territory. Our findings are of relevance for conservation of the Golden Eagle in the state of Jalisco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy transition process is reflected in the transformation of landscapes. The progressive incorporation of increasingly more modern energy technologies opens debates in European countries related to their landscape integration and the social perception. In Argentina, the energy landscapes have not been relevant enough as to be a subject of analysis in the academic field. Based on the lack of antecedents, this exploratory paper aims at considering the landscape as a geographical analysis category about the past and present use of wind energy. The objective is to study the patrimonial worthiness and the socio-environmental challenges, as the result of the transformation of the landscapes, by the materialization of the energy transition. To achieve this, it applies a qualitative methodology and different space-time analysis scales. The work reconstructs the heritage legacy of the wind from old low-power facilities for milling, water pumping and electricity production that are revalued by society. It also makes a preliminary analysis of the emerging wind landscapes after the start-up of large wind farms in certain regions of the country. The new landscapes created by the installation of wind turbines produce very diverse reactions in communities, ranging from acceptance to social rejection, including neutrality or indifference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The judgment of the Superior Court of Justice of Madrid, dated November 24, 2022, refers to an administrative appeal filed by a company against the resolution of the State Secretariat for Energy. The company requested a prior administrative authorization (AAP) for a wind farm in Galicia, but the request was rejected because the guarantee receipt had not been submitted before the entry into force of a decree law. The court determined that the AAP request did not require the guarantee, but it did require the access permit, which could not be obtained due to a moratorium. In conclusion, the court dismissed the appeal and emphasized the importance of complying with legal requirements in the energy sector. [Extracted from the article]

The ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Galicia, issued on January 21, 2022, resolves an administrative appeal filed by three individuals against an agreement of the Consello de la Xunta de Galicia that approved a wind farm repowering project. The court dismisses most of the arguments presented by the plaintiffs, but declares the agreement null and void due to non-compliance with the deadline for the public information process. Other arguments related to the location of the wind turbines and the environmental impact are also addressed, concluding that the negative effects are moderate and will be mitigated with the corrective measures established in the environmental impact statement. However, there is a question as to whether the Natura 2000 regulations were correctly applied, as any project that may harm the integrity of the site cannot be authorized. It is argued that it should have been demonstrated that the modification of the wind farm would not affect the integrity of the Special Conservation Areas (ZEC) and the importance of preserving habitats of community interest, such as wetlands, is highlighted according to the Habitats Directive. [Extracted from the article]

We deal with a study of the impact, in the area of the isthmus of Tehuantepec influenced by Eolic projects, by evaluating the criteria of the ejidatarios (owners of small farms). For evaluating the impact a survey was developed using two-stage cluster sampling, without replacement an equal probabilities in each stage. The information was obtained by designing a questionnaire with a Likert scale, considering opinions on approving the impacts in environment, social and economic. An agreement index (IA) was constructed using the responses. IA was computed taking as reference the extreme and mean values, weighting was used by considering that responders with high qualifications (close to 10) have a high agreement; respondent with low punctuations express the contrary. The inferences are developed using point and interval estimations, after deducing approximate expressions of the error and its estimator. The estimations are analyzed for guiding the decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay addresses territorial tensions that emerged within negotiations related to a wind farm project aimed to be located in a rural setting in Río Negro province (Argentina). The project is promoted by a Chinese company and was accepted due to an Environmental Impact Assessment that missed to mention that there was a Mapuche community where the wind farm was intended to be located. Therefore, the community requested the development of a consultation process. In this process, different territorial logics were put into play, however within asymmetrical relations. The essay approaches these logics based on empirical evidence that was gathered through ethnographic fieldwork and archive research. The argument focuses on the territorial assumptions expressed in the Environmental Impact Assessment in comparison with those sustained by the community emphasizing on the different ways of understanding what land is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes a ruling from the Superior Court of Justice of Extremadura in June 2011 that annuls the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the installation of two wind farms. The ruling criticizes the lack of reference to the Environmental Impact Study submitted by the applicant company and questions the negative effects mentioned in the EIS. Additionally, it mentions the lack of specificity in the Conservation Plan for the Extremadura Bonelli's Eagle Habitat in relation to these installations. The annulment of the EIS does not imply the reversal of the procedure, but rather the Government Council must determine the environmental conditions for the project's execution. [Extracted from the article]

The High Court of Justice of Extremadura has confirmed the denial of authorization for the installation of a wind farm in the municipal terms of Oliva de Mérida and Valle de la Serena, in the province of Badajoz. The sentence is based on the fact that the installation of the park is incompatible with the determinations of the municipal planning, which classifies the land as non-urbanizable land of special protection. In addition, it is highlighted that state and community regulations establish that the generation of renewable energy prevails over the provisions of the planning. This decision is based on the joint interpretation of the applicable regulations in terms of land, territorial planning, electric power, and renewable energies. [Extracted from the article]

The article examines an administrative contentious resource filed against the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport of the Valencian Government in Spain. The Judgment concludes that the Wind Plan of the Valencian Community is a normative planning instrument and rejects the grounds for challenge presented. The need to balance environmental protection with other constitutionally relevant goods is highlighted. It is discussed whether Important Bird Areas (IBAs) should have a stricter protection regime than Special Protection Areas for Birds (SPA). In addition, the suitability of Special Plans to achieve the objectives of the Valencian Wind Plan is questioned. Courts usually weigh energy and environmental interests to determine whether the installation of wind farms is allowed. [Extracted from the article]

The article summarizes a ruling by the Superior Court of Justice of Cantabria that determined that the City Council of Santiurde de Reinosa had the legitimacy to challenge the agreements of the Government Council of Cantabria related to the authorization of two wind farms. The ruling argued that a joint environmental impact assessment should have been carried out considering the synergistic effects of the nearby wind farms. The Court concluded that the environmental impact assessment was incomplete and annulled the project. The article also discusses jurisprudence IV and proposes giving autonomous treatment to wind turbines in the analysis. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study is to analyze how people struggle against social backwardness in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, in response to the installation of wind farms in the region. We rely on the holistic analytical dimensions proposed by Social Metabolism to quantify biophysical interactions between society and environmental, while making use of Geospatial Information Systems and data produced by Coneval and INEGI regarding social backwardness. We conclude that, in the region, the perception of improvement in the social backwardness index has not increased with the presence of these megaprojects, given that they do not mitigate ecosystem impacts or social backwardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Desacatos is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, a sensitivity study of the downstream wakes produced by wind turbines for different stability regimes in the atmospheric boundary layer is presented. The analysis is made on an extensive measurement data set of one of the largest onshore wind farms located in the Patagonian region of Argentina. Data from periods before the construction and during production of the park are analyzed. The novelty of the approach is the analysis of the negative wake impact on production and its dependence on the different stability regimes in the day and seasonal cycles. The outcomes coincide with the trends reported by other authors, finding a notable decrease in the wake impact during unstable conditions. The smallest impact is found during the summer at midday hours, when typically unstable conditions appear. On the contrary, during stable conditions, which generally occur at night, the impact is higher. The typical behavior of the park is in general close to the neutral condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes the ruling number 140/2011 of the Administrative Court 1 of Lleida, dated May 3, 2011. The ruling challenges two decrees issued by the Mayor of the City Council of Vallbona de los Monges, which reject the review of the municipal construction license granted to "Acciona Energía, SA." for the construction of the "Serra del Tallat" wind farm. The ruling declares the nullity of the license and orders the demolition of the facilities and the restoration of the land to its original state. It is argued that the municipality lacks a general urban planning plan that considers the appropriate location of the wind farm. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Extremadura on June 28, 2011, in which it analyzes the appeal filed by the company "Instituto de Energías Renovables, S.L." against the denial of authorization for the installation of a Wind Farm in the province of Cáceres. The company questions the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that concluded that the project negatively affected the Natura 2000 Network and threatened bird species. The ruling highlights the proximity of the park to Natura 2000 areas, the presence of threatened species such as the black vulture and the Iberian lynx, and the existence of a Recovery Plan for the Iberian Lynx. Although it recognizes the economic benefits of the wind farm, the ruling concludes that environmental protection must take priority. [Extracted from the article]

The ruling of the National Court on February 23, 2011 addresses the conflict of access to the electricity distribution network between the company "Endesa Distribución Eléctrica, S.L." and "Enel Unión Fenosa Rentables, S.A." The decision declared in favor of Enel Unión Fenosa the right of access to Endesa's distribution network for the connection of two wind farms. Endesa argued that it was not obliged to submit capacity reports, but the court concluded that Endesa's denial was not sufficiently justified. The ruling highlights the importance of the right of access to distribution networks in the liberalization of the electricity sector. [Extracted from the article]

The Matarraña region is formed by 18 small municipalities of Teruel with a clear territorial identity closely linked to its landscape and culture. The firts objective of this work is to expose the uniqueness of its tourism product within the framework of a territorial strategy and from the perspective of the different social agents. A second objective derives from the unexpected eruption of two factors that pose a new scenario: a wind farm project for large wind turbines and the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, the perception and response of the citizens is surveyed with the hypothesis that these changes may interfere with the strategy proposed by the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work addresses the current situation of apparent conflict of interests between the installation of wind farms as a strategic and environmental commitment in the European Union's energy policy and the protection of environmental values in the spaces and environments of the Network Natura 2000, usual places where they are located due to the technical characteristics of wind energy. The normative evolution of the environmental assessment regime of the repercussions of wind farms in the places of the socalled European ecological network is analyzed in detail, from the Habitats Directive 92/43 / EEC until its incorporation in the current Heritage laws 42/2007 Natural and biodiversity, and 21/2013 of environmental evaluation, as well as the recent judicial pronouncements of the various instances until reaching the Supreme Court, and that have resulted in contradictory sentences on the installation of wind farms both in their doctrine and in their judicial decisions which also represent a worrying change in the application of the principles of legal certainty and technical discretion of the Administration. The Public Administrations competent in the authorizations of wind farms as well as the electricity companies promoting them are confused to the cancellation of authorizations of relevant wind farms in operation, sometimes also applying, based on an a priori trial, an erroneous doctrine related to the "fragmentation" of parks against their own environmental and electrical regulations, and without the judicial bodies clearly marking the path of how the "adequate environmental assessment" of them should be implemented in practice. The legal reason for all this is the existence of numerous "undetermined legal concepts" in the application to wind farms of the provisions of the evaluation regulations on the Natura 2000 Network, offering in the present work interpretive solutions to each of them and proposing the necessary unit of judgment of the judicial organs in order to the necessary compatibility of both constitutional assets and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The solution for the two of the main problems that must be solved in the first stages of the wind farm project: the park structure and its profitability. A mathematical model developed from the parametric method is applied, which allows determining quickly and with acceptable precision the capital cost through relevant technical parameters. The model was calibrated through a database representative of the Latin American countries that make the most use of wind energy. Was applied to define the best appropriate structure of the project of five parks in the province of Chimborazo, Republic of Ecuador, reaching the conclusion that the number of machines, their powers and heights of the towers, are the three parameters that determine the cost of the park, and that at the same time, are those that define the energy produced and profitability, so a cost model that integrates these variables, is an important tool when applying economic-financial validation criteria such as Net Present Value, the specific cost of energy, the life cycle cost and others [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present work was to define the quality parameters and exploitation in low intensity irrigation system under production conditions in "La Rebeca" farm, contributing in a better management of water for agrarian use. For the field evaluations the methodologies use was UNE 68-072-86 in 1986 and ISO 15886-3 in 2004, were also determined the Uniformity Distribution according to Merriam and Keller in 1978; Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen of 1942; Discharge efficiency like Tarjuelo in 2005 indicates, the percent of irrigation areas were also calculated. The obtained results show that the wind in the farm has great incidence in the deterioration of the irrigation quality parameters, reducing the effective radio reach of the sprinkler in 0,90 m with respect to the project. In the triangular covering mark the best results in Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen are obtained with 90,46%; Uniformity Distribution of 84,20% and the best irrigation percent area with 61,22%, confirming the effective of this setting mark for the study area and others with similar characteristic of high wind speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents a proposal for stochastic simulation to determine the investment uncertainties and the uncertainty cost of operation for a wind power plant. Taking as a study object a hypothetical wind plant in Cabo de la Vela, in La Guajira, Colombia, with the same characteristics as the current Jepirachi plant of EPM, where the probability density function of the net present value of the project is found, and the probability of project profitability. Additionally, the uncertainty cost for the operation of the plant is determined depending on the different monthly scenarios of the primary energy (wind speed). This cost approximates a quadratic function that serves as a cost element in the problem of economic dispatch considering renewables. Finally, the results obtained and future developments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of Mexico has encouraged the establishment of wind farms, arguing that they are a form of clean energy (partially true). The government's implementation strategy has favored transnational corporations over the original communities, who are losing control of their territories, which these companies have occupied, engendering ecological, social, political, and cultural damage. On the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a significant portion of the original population has organized to resist and reverse this process, calling for an inclusive and participatory public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to publicize the expectations and assessments of the population of Santo Do-mingo Ingenio, Oaxaca regarding the wind industry settled in the municipality. The methodology is based on quantitative and transversal fieldwork, through which the general public perception and economic, environmental and transparency issues associated with this project are collected. The results indicate divided positions regarding the acceptance of the wind industry, a large sector of the population does not support the installation of more wind farms, most of the inhabitants do not perceive an improvement in their economy and in the whole process of installation, a lot of opacity prevailed. As this industry is going to grow much more, it is concluded that these projects are accompanied by consultation and transparency actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the natural variability of wind and heavy reliance on local atmospheric conditions, it is necessary to conduct thorough wind resource assessments to determine how much energy can be generated at a given site [1]. Usually it requires advanced high resolution multi-scale models capable of simulating onshore wind farms installed on complex terrain. For this purpose, an enhanced numerical method was devised and adapted in the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model MC2 of Environment Canada with imbedded Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) capabilities for wind simulations over steep topography [2-3]. This implementation has been validated numerically by modeling the neutrally stratified wind for typical flat and mountainous terrain. From these tests it has been found that the new multi-scale method delivers very good results when compared with other models which use intensive computing methods [4-5]. This advanced method now has the ability to solve multi-scale structures using a new wind initialization and time discretization schemes that allow more stable and accurate numerical modeling in the presence of high impact topography [6-7]. The resulting model can be used to assess the wind resource at local, national and regional scales, ensuring a significant error reduction due to overestimation of the wind in mountainous areas. These advancements in wind modeling provide better tools for detailed studies required for planning and installing wind farms on cliffs and ridges, where a natural acceleration of the wind is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this sentence from the Superior Court of Justice of Murcia, the lawsuit filed by Parque Eólico los Pedreros against the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia and the company Energías Renovables de la Región de Murcia is dismissed. The lawsuit was based on the authorization granted for the construction of a wind farm whose wind turbines would negatively affect the plaintiff's energy production. The court concluded that it could not be proven conclusively that there was a decrease in the performance of the wind turbines in Parque Los Pedreros due to the proximity of the wind turbines in Parque Los Reventones. There is no regulation on safety distances that has been violated. [Extracted from the article]

Decree 7/2011, of January 20, modifies Decree 32/2006, of March 27, which regulates the installation and operation of wind farms in the Canary Islands. The objective of this modification is to improve the storage systems of wind energy to make it less fluctuating and sensitive to atmospheric conditions. Changes are introduced in the criteria for wind installations connected to the electrical grid for research purposes and in energy storage systems. In addition, new regulations are established for electrical protections in wind installations. The Decree came into effect on February 8, 2011. [Extracted from the article]

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This article analyzes the conditions for the implementation of wind energy in airport facilities, considering safety and requirements according to international standards related to free airspace for aircraft can enter and leave it in a safe, also known as the aeronautical easements. Other particular aspects of an airport are also analyzed, such as marking and signaling, the affection of the environment, the quality of the electric supply, the characteristics of the wind resource and the economic constraints. With such data, this paper seek to lay the technical precedents that an engineer should consider to design a wind power facilities in airports, due to existing papers do not focus on the great potential of this type of locations for wind facilities because of the special conditions that have this type of transport infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At many countries there is great areas where wind resource are very grateful but the electrical network is weak. At these areas the network capacity could be a limit to exploitation of wind resource. There are two main problems related with the associated power of wind resurge and the network weak. First, it is related with steady state voltage level: when demand is low the voltage level could increase more than permitted limits if the energy production is high. The second problem is related with flicker voltage: the wind resource is not constant and the disconnection of the wind turbines could cause flicker voltage more than permitted limits. In Cuban electric system the presence of weak network is normally and different problems like hurricanes or work this electric system require to divide on electric subsystems with possible high contribution of wind generation. The preliminary analysis at one zone of Cuban's archipelago from the point of view of wind penetration is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Order of February 23, 2011 approves the Operating Regulations of the monitoring committee for the implementation of industrial development projects associated with wind farms in Galicia. This committee, under the Ministry of Economy and Industry of Galicia, is responsible for monitoring and overseeing actions related to awarded wind farms, especially in terms of investment and employment. It is also responsible for requesting information from developers, proposing modifications to industrial plans, establishing inspection procedures, and proposing the revocation of awards in case of non-compliance with associated obligations. The regulations come into effect on March 9, 2011. [Extracted from the article]

This contribution gives up-to-date information on the use of wind generated electricity worldwide. It also describes the most immediate investment plans in the increase of wind as an alternative, non polluted energy source in Europe, as well as in the Latin America region. Based upon recent studies, carried out by the author, the paper assesses the wind energy potential for electricity generation in Colombia. At the end, some comments are made on developments and wind energy use in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present paper values a Wind Farm as a Compound Real Option. By combining the different uncertainties, we evaluate the volatility of the project. The value of the project is calculated using binomial lattices including Market and Private Risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]