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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo is the property of Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo - Instituto de Salud Carlos III and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To identify the profile and perception of dietary supplement users in the population of Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo, Peru. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted with subjects over 18 years of age residing in the cities of Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo, Peru. The study was performed in two steps. In the first step, personal interviews were held using structured and standardized surveys. In the second step, a structured survey was designed with open and closed questions related to the purchasing and consumption habits of dietary supplements. Results: Eight hundred ninety (890) people were interviewed, out of which 42 % reported to be dietary supplement users, being vitamins and minerals the most commonly used products. It was observed that these users had been taking daily doses of dietary supplements for 3 to 12 months. Additionally, it was found that family and friends served as a source of information on dietary supplements similar to the one provided by doctors and nutritionists. Conclusions: The results of this study conducted with a representative sample from Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo showed that a high percentage of the population was satisfied with using dietary supplements regularly. It is important to point out that there were no significant differences between the percentage of the surveyed population that used dietary supplements recommended by nutritionists and the one which used them on family and friends' recommendation. This suggests that it is necessary to improve nutritional habits with educational strategies on eating habits and adapt the use of dietary supplements to a balanced diet. These results could allow the population to use dietary supplements more effectively as a tool to reduce nutritional deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia Ergo Sum is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several chronic transmissible (e.g. AIDS) and non transmissible diseases like cadiovascular disease, are associated with oxidative stress (EOX) and dyslipidemia. Has been reported that Spirulina can reduce them, this has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models but scarcely in humans. Through a systematic review on last 5 years (keywords: Spirulina AND cholesterol, Spirulina AND oxidative stress) 8 intervention studies with humans were reported, finding that oral (1-10 g/d) subchronic (0.5-6 month) administration of Spirulina appears to have and hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect. However, no study was properly randomized and/or controlled and no biological mechanism was proposed to support these findings. The level of evidence and the absence of appropriate experimental designs do not allow validating Spirulina as a functional food for preventing dyslipidemic diseases and EOX, and hereby decrease the CVD. We do not found papers relating harmful effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hydrolysable tannins (HT) have been of scientific interest because of their nutraceutical potential. Both gallotannins (GT) and ellagitannins (ET) show different biochemical properties that result in various health benefits (eg anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial) for consumers, all associated with their antioxidant capacity (AOXc). Objective: To analyze the most relevant aspects (biochemical, nutritional/analytical and health effects) of HT reported in the scientific literature. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in several databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) and free-access repositories (Google Scholar) on HT, GT and ET. This information was further sub-classified into biochemical, nutritional and analytical aspects (narrative review) and health effects (systematic review). Results: The high molecular complexity and amount of hydroxyl groups (-OH) in both ET and GT, are responsible not only for a plethora of methods for extraction and purification but also for the several pro-and anti-physiological effects of them such as enzyme inhibitions, protein excretion stimulation, AOXc and anti-proliferative effects. Conclusions: The association of ET/GT with several macromolecules present in foodstuffs and the digestive tract, counteract the AOXc of these compounds but conversely allow the differential distribution of GT and ET to different target organs in such way that their health effects seems to be different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review and discuss the latest information on agroindustrial, functional and nutritional value of one of the most produced/consumed fruit crop in México: The mango.Methods: A search was conducted in several databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) and public repositories (Google Scholar) on Mangifera indica L. This information was further sub-classified into agroindustrial, nutritional, functional aspects and health effects.Results: One out of twenty mangoes consumed worldwide is Mexican. The variety "Ataulfo" variety is the most important crop. Minimal processing of its pulp (MP) generates peel (MC) and seeds as biowastes, which have nutraceutical potential. MP and MC are good sources of ascorbate, fructose, soluble (MP, starches and rhamnogalacturonans) and insoluble (MC, lignin and hemicelluloses) dietary fibers as well as functional lipids (MP). MP and MC are good sources of monomeric (MP) phenolic compounds (PC) such as gallic and protocatehuic acids and polymeric PC (MC) such as -PGG with associated anti-obesigenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-diabetic potential. However, these benefits are dependent on their bioaccessibility (release from its food matrix) and metabolic fate (bioavailability).Discussion: Mango is a valuable source of antioxidant compounds with proven health benefits. However, factors such as its variety, seasonality, pre and post-harvest handling, extraction of bioactives and some physiological barriers, can modify their nutraceutical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PROP phenotype (6-n-propylthiouracil) has been proposed as indicator of body mass index, adiposity and food intake. This relationship among variables is contradictory. No correlation has been found among the PROP phenotype, body indicators and energy consumption in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among PROP taster status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total body fat (TBF) and food intake. The PROP taster status was established using two scales: the nine-point scale and the general labeled magnitude scale. Dietary habits of participants were recorded online during 35 days. The classification by PROP phenotype varied according to the scale. No significant differences were observed between PROP tasters and PROP non-tasters, with both scales, in body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat and energy and macronutrient intake. The PROP phenotype was not an indicator factor of body weight, adiposity and energy and macronutrients consumption in young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the northern region, it is believed that there are more people with high size. However, continuous genetic mixing and the migration phenomenon seems to have affected the prevalence of high stature with low. Objective. Study food and socio-economic factors associated differential way to the high stature (TA) preschool children in Ciudad Juárez in comparison to low size (TB). Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional study in 295 children < 5 years of Ciudad Juárez. Results. The prevalence of TA and TB was 4.1 and 11.2, higher than the State average. With the exception of the proportion of parents of Chihuahua and have received food allergen in the first year, all the other variables (more negative nutritional deviations and household food insecurity but minor economic perception) justified the presence of low stature. Both the high and low size were associated with lower proportion of children fed exclusively to the womb. Conclusions. Socioeconomic factors and food studied seem to have influence on the stature of children, same that can be directly modifiable by the parents or the economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies on the state of health and nutrition of Mexicans with intellectual disability (ID) including those with Down syndrome (DS), are scarce. Objective: To analyze some physiological and social factors associated with the body mass of young people with ID from northern México. Methods: Body weight, height and other anthropometric values were measured in fifty seven young (17 ± 5 years) participants with ID (DS,16%) and at least one guardian. BMI (kg/m²), somatotype and nutritional status were established by three international standards and total blood glucose, cholesterol & triacylglycerides, were also analyzed. Guardian's socio-economic, household food insecurity and nutrition literacy status were estimated with validated questionnaires by direct interview. Results: Participants with SD were 12 cm smaller but subscapular skinfold (SECPS) was 6 mm thicker than that from other ID participants (p < 0.05). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 70 and 44%, respectively. Blood biochemicals were similar between groups, but 25% had dyslipidemias. Participant's BMI correlated (p < 0,01) with several anthropometric & adiposity indicators (r = 0,40 a 0,88 ), blood triglycerides (r = 0,48 ) and cholesterol (r = 0,44) and guardians & participants' age (r = 0,35). The spending in food correlated (p < 0.05) with participant's SECPS (r = -0.33). The circumference of the waist, hip, calf and PSECP, 89% of the variance of the BMI explained. Conclusion: The body mass of young people with DI from northern Mexico, is strongly related to the degree of body adiposity, dyslipidemias, and some socio-economic factors of their family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies on the state of health and nutrition of Mexicans with intellectual disability (ID) including those with Down syndrome (DS), are scarce. Objective: To analyze some physiological and social factors associated with the body mass of young people with ID from northern México. Methods: Body weight, height and other anthropometric values were measured in fifty seven young (17 ± 5 years) participants with ID (DS,16%) and at least one guardian. BMI (kg/m2 ), somatotype and nutritional status were established by three international standards and total blood glucose, cholesterol & triacylglycerides, were also analyzed. Guardian's socio-economic, household food insecurity and nutrition literacy status were estimated with validated questionnaires by direct interview. Results: Participants with SD were 12 cm smaller but subscapular skinfold (SECPS) was 6 mm thicker than that from other ID participants (p < 0.05). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 70 and 44%, respectively. Blood biochemicals were similar between groups, but 25% had dyslipidemias. Participant's BMI correlated (p < 0,01) with several anthropometric & adiposity indicators (r = 0,40 a 0,88 ), blood triglycerides (r = 0,48 ) and cholesterol (r = 0,44) and guardians & participants' age (r = 0,35). The spending in food correlated (p < 0.05) with participant's SECPS (r = -0.33). The circumference of the waist, hip, calf and PSECP, 89% of the variance of the BMI explained. Conclusion: The body mass of young people with DI from northern Mexico, is strongly related to the degree of body adiposity, dyslipidemias, and some socio-economic factors of their family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several self-report questionnaires have been used to evaluate various determiners of sports practice in young people, but very few have been applied to Mexicans. In this analysis, the questionnaire was administered to 222 subjects (13-25 years). We determined its internal consistency (Cronbach α), content validity (document analysis), construct (Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA) as well as that of the criterion. The latter, by its correlation (Spearman) with anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and physiological (VO2max). The results showed that the internal consistency is acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.68 to 0.85). Moreover, this questionnaire similarly responds to queries posed in surveys already reported (to find out the physical, educational, psychological and socio-demographic characteristics of physical/sports practice). The EFA showed 1, 2 and 3 factor structures with adequate Cronbach's α (~0.70) and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (~0.72) values. The practice of physical activity was associated with a lower BMI and higher VO2max. The questionnaire proved to be a valid instrument for investigating physical/sports habits and behavior in young people from northern Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Heart - Edición Española is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo analiza diferentes iniciativas ciudadanas que utilizaron la tecnología como herramienta de ayuda durante el terremoto ocurrido en Haití en enero de 2010. La autora pone de relieve las lecciones aprendidas en Haití sobre el uso de tecnologías, especialmente de comunicación, en acciones concretas, como localización de personas y redes de contacto a través de SMS.

A nivel nacional, el foco se incrementa en las experiencias de desarrollo de niños pequeños (desde el nacimiento hasta los ocho años). Veinticuatro diócesis y archidiócesis en grandes zonas metropolitanas participaron en una encuesta con el objetivo de identificar el alcance y la índole de los servicios ofrecidos por las Escuelas católicas y los programas católicos de beneficencia a los niños pequeños y sus familias. Completaron la encuesta seiscientas setenta escuelas católicas y cien programas católicos de beneficencia. Los resultados clave sugieren que las escuelas católicas y los programas católicos de beneficencia están comprometidos en un sinfín de servicios para la primera infancia y actividades educativas para niños y familias. Ambas entidades proveen educación y servicios directos a niños y están comprometidas en el apoyo a las familias mediante una variedad de iniciativas, y disponen de planteamientos complementarios así como distintivos. Se identificaron oportunidades en las escuelas católicas y en los programas católicos de beneficencia. Se resaltaron las ventajas potenciales del aumento de colaboración entre las escuelas católicas y los programas católicos de beneficencia con otros para cumplir de manera comprensiva con las necesidades variadas (y a veces extensas) de los niños pequeños y las familias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the distribution of microorganisms and the enzymatic activitiy at the level of soil fractions aggregates would contribute to a better understanding of the ecosystemic services of the soil. The objective of this work was to determine if two of the most relevant microbial groups, fungi and bacteria, and the biological activity of the soil measured as a respiratory profile induced by substrates and / or the activity of extracellular enzymes, were modified by differential tillage systems, and if that modification was reproduced at the microaggregate level of the soil. Two agricultural farming practices were compared: no-tillage and conventional tillage. The studies were replicated in soils of two different environmentally sites of the Pampean region. The samples were wet sieved, obtaining the following fractions of aggregates: 2000-63, 63-20, 20-2 and 2-0.1 µm. The abundance of bacteria and fungi was estimated by qPCR, finding different abundances according to the size of the aggregates. The physiological profiles at the community level were differentiated according to the aggregates size independently of the tillage management and the sampled site. On the contrary, at the level of aggregates, the enzymatic profiles were differentiated more by soil tillage than by the size of the fraction. These results allow us to suggest that soil ecosystemic services are the result of an integration of the physical structure at the level of aggregates and their own biochemical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different no-till agricultural managements related to crop rotation over soil phosphatase kinetics parameters, Vmax and Km, using grassland soils as references. Treatments were replicated sampling during summer and winter in four productive fields at different locations along a 400 km east-west transect in the central Argentinean Pampas, through successive cropping cycles within two years. The quantity of soil phosphatase estimated as Vmax show significant differences between agricultural practices. Opposite seasonal dynamics of phosphatase activities were found between grassland soils and monocropping agricultural soils while crop rotated. Soils dynamics were more similar to grassland than to monocropping ones. Regardless of the location and treatment, Km values did not show differences, but clearly show a seasonal response. A positive correlation was found between phosphatase activities and microbial biomass, but microbial biomass could not fully explain Vmax values since an estimation of specific activity on the basis of microbial biomass still show the differences between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main function of the adipocyte is lipid storage when there is a positive energy balance and lipid release when there is and energy deficiency. One characteristic of obesity is an increase in the number and size of adipocytes, which implies pre adipocyte (PAD) differentiation. The adipose tissue (AT) has its origins in the prenatal stage and may continue to expand during adulthood from precursor cells since mature adipocytes cannot multiply by cell division. This study provide updates on the events that occur during the origin and differentiation of PAD, the factors involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and mechanisms that regulate physiological functions of AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are common comorbidities in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); treatments with gluten- and casein-free (LGLC) diets or prebiotic/probiotic supplements may reduce the severity of GIDs. Objective: to integrate and discuss the evidence on the effectiveness of LGLC diet therapies and prebiotic/probiotic supplements on GIDs in patients with ASD. Methodology: the guidelines for the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) were used. Participant characteristics, dietary interventions, prebiotic/prebiotic supplementation, effects of interventions on GIDs, risk of bias, and safety of treatments were analyzed. Results: fifteen investigations were analyzed; the prevalence of GIDs among patients with ASD was high (58 %; range, 27-83 %). In more than 20 % of the patients managed with LGLC diets or supplements GID severity decreased (mainly constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain). Increases in the counts of beneficial bacteria and a decrease in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria were reported after supplement use. However, all these investigations had significant methodological biases. Conclusions: although reductions in the frequency and severity of some GIDs have been found, the effectiveness of these treatments has not been proven yet. Given the methodological differences in the investigations, the design of rigorous studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of these treatments on gastrointestinal health in patients with ASD is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]