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This study investigates the historical maritime route between Zhangzhou and Manila during the 16th and 17th centuries, exploring the monsoon-driven commercial navigation in the South China Sea. It examines in detail the nautical terms and orientation methods used by Chinese sailors, as well as the units of time and distance employed in navigation. The route from Zhangzhou to Manila is reconstructed, analyzing various historical documents and maps, including the Dongxiyangkao and the Shunfeng xiangsong. Variations in the duration of the journey according to meteorological conditions are discussed, and descriptions of the route in different historical sources are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudos em Comunicação is the property of Labcom / Universidade da Beira Interior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sino-Iberoamerican Interaction / Interacción Sino-Iberoamericana is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the field of pragmatic-discursive research, discourse markers are increasingly attracting the interest of linguists. As the number of scholars engaged in linguistic research between Spanish and Mandarin Chinese increases, several works on discourse markers of a contrastive nature are coming to light, most of them focusing on comparing certain groups of markers in both languages and examining their didactic application in the classroom. As this line of research continues to flourish --and there are still many aspects to be discovered--, many discourse markers, due to their polyfunctional nature, deserve an individual and deep analysis. The present work aims to carry out an approach to bueno and 好 (hao), a couple of discourse markers of great utility in both languages that manifest certain semantic-pragmatic similarities, focusing on their forms and functions based on the most relevant intralinguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Better outcome prediction could assist in reliable classification of the illnesses in neurological intensive care unit (ICU) severity to support clinical decision-making. We developed a multifactorial model including quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) parameters for outcome prediction of patients in neurological ICU. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed neurological ICU patients from November 2018 to November 2021. We used 3-month mortality as the outcome. Prediction models were created using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on QEEG parameters, APACHEII score, and clinically relevant features. Additionally, we compared our best models with APACHEII score and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The DeLong test was carried out to compare the ROC curves in different models. Results: A total of 110 patients were included and divided into a training set (n=80) and a validation set (n = 30). The best performing model had an AUC of 0.85 in the training set and an AUC of 0.82 in the validation set, which were better than that of GCS (training set 0.64, validation set 0.61). Models in which we selected only the 4 bestQEEGparameters had an AUC of 0.77 in the training set and an AUC of 0.71 in the validation set, which were similar to that of APACHEII (training set 0.75, validation set 0.73). The models also identified the relative importance of each feature. Conclusion: Multifactorial machine learning models using QEEG parameters, clinical data, and APACHEII score have a better potential to predict 3-month mortality in non-traumatic patients in neurological ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as an important and common cause of epilepsy since antiquity. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is usually associated with drug resistance and poor surgical outcomes, thereby increasing the burden of the illness on patients and their families. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of VNS for refractory PTE and to initially evaluate the potential predictors of efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively collected the outcomes of VNS with at least a 1-year follow-up in all patients with refractory PTE. Subgroups were classified as responders and non-responders according to the efficacy of VNS (-50% or <50% reduction in seizure frequency). Preoperative data were analyzed to screen for potential predictors of VNS efficacy. Results: In total, forty-five patients with refractory PTE who underwent VNS therapy were enrolled. Responders were found in 64.4% of patients, and 15.6% of patients achieved seizure freedom at the last follow-up. In addition, the responder rate increased over time, with 37.8, 44.4, 60, and 67.6% at the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups, respectively. After multivariate analysis, generalized interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were found to be a negative predictor (OR: 4.861, 95% CI: 1.145-20.632) of VNS efficacy. Conclusion: The results indicated that VNS therapy was effective in refractory PTE patients and was well tolerated over a 1-year follow-up period. Patients with focal or multifocal IEDs were recognized to have better efficacy after VNS therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Small intracranial aneurysms are increasingly being detected; however, a prediction model for their rupture is rare. Random forest modeling was used to predict the rupture status of small middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms with morphological features. Methods: From January 2009 to June 2020, we retrospectively reviewed patients with small MCA aneurysms (<7mm). The aneurysms were randomly split into training (70%) and internal validation (30%) cohorts. Additional independent datasets were used for the external validation of 78 small MCA aneurysms from another four hospitals. Aneurysm morphology was determined using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Prediction models were developed using the random forest and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 426 consecutive patients with 454 small MCA aneurysms (<7mm) were included. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that size ratio (SR), aspect ratio (AR), and daughter dome were associated with aneurysm rupture, whereas aneurysm angle and multiplicity were inversely associated with aneurysm rupture. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) of random forest models using the five independent risk factors in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts were 0.922, 0.889, and 0.92, respectively. The randomforest model outperformed the logistic regression model (p = 0.048). A nomogram was developed to assess the rupture of small MCA aneurysms. Conclusion: Randomforestmodeling is a good tool for evaluating the rupture status of small MCA aneurysms and may be considered for the management of small aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A creditor whose credit right is guaranteed by a personal guarantee could see its credit position worsen not only in case of a structural change of the debtor, but also when it is of the guarantor. However, while the current regulations sets forth creditor's protection mechanisms in cases of structural change of the debtor where universal succession takes place, the applicability of those protection mechanisms in the event of a structural change of the guarantor is not obvious. This study aims at arguing in favor of the recognition of the right of opposition of creditors who are beneficiaries of guarantees upon a structural change of the guarantor, as well as pointing out some other resources that might be available to such creditors vis-à-vis the guarantor (or the debtor) in a case of universal succession in the absence of protection mechanisms provided by the law for such a case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of aDResearch ESIC: International Journal of Communication Research / Revista Internacional de Investigación en Comunicación is the property of ESIC Business & Marketing School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The teaching and learning of foreign languages in China do not escape the influences of the traditional Confucianist system. To study this phenomenon, it is necessary to distinguish between Confucian philosophy and Confucianism in order to identify the cultural substrate that prevents the teaching system from adopting an open attitude to the communicative approach. This article shows the originality of Confucian philosophy and the keys that lead to the reinterpretation of certain limitations and induce the exploration of cultural aspects that do not conflict with the foundations of communicative teaching. The objective is to analyze the primordial elements of Confucian philosophy, its deviations and the guidelines of a communicative teaching established in the higher courses for the teaching of Spanish in the Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To review the varieties, therapeutic uses, and medicinal characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations for treating hair loss, and to provide a reference for research and development of new drugs. Methods: For this review, literature from the last 50 years pertaining to the treatment of hair loss via TCM were collected mainly from China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Wanfang Data Resource System database. Information on Chinese traditional patent medicines and ethnomedicines for treating hair loss was drawn from books. Results: A total of 322 preparations were identified, including 135 preparations made by medical institutions, 108 Chinese traditional patent medicines, 60 preparations produced by doctors themselves, and 19 ethnomedicines. The forms of dosage included decoctions, pills, capsules, tablets, granules, tinctures, liniments, and powders. These preparations are traditionally used in the treatment of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. A total of 400 medicinal materials were used in preparations, including 339 from plants, 40 from animals, 14 from minerals. The most commonly used Chinese medicinal materials in order of frequency were Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Conclusion: TCM preparations for treating hair loss are abundant in variety. They are mainly decoctions, and primarily botanical medicinal materials. Most of the preparations are composed of Chinese medicinal materials for 'toning the kidneys' and 'nourishing the liver'. They are used mainly in the treatment of seborrheic alopecia and alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]