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The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of research in immunology and its application in the clinical setting. The first part presents the most important discoveries that helped to elucidate the main physiological processes involved in the diseases and in this way helped to redirect research in immunology. Then, we describe an example of basic research related to the role of cytokines in the amoebic liver abscess, showing the work of several research groups in the world, with the aim of understanding the immune response against the parasite. This allows us to argue the relevance of immunological research within the clinical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]