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The Socratic debate has traditionally been described as a procedure through which the therapist attempts to change the irrational beliefs of their client through questioning and dialogue. From an analytical-functional research perspective, it has been defined as a verbal shaping procedure in which the therapist differentially reinforces protherapeutic utterances. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the discriminative stimuli emitted by the therapist with and without prompts and the responses emitted by the client based on their approach to the therapeutic goal. Sixty debate recordings from 18 cases, which were classified according to their level of effectiveness, were analyzed. The analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the rate per minute of each type of discriminative stimulus according to the level of debate effectiveness. There was also a strong association of the discriminative category with response options and of discriminative with the description of contingencies with the verbalizations approaching the therapeutic goal. It is concluded that some prompts to the discriminative stimulus may make it more likely to evoke target responses, and thus, clients may more efficiently access the verbal reinforcers presented by therapists, facilitating the verbal shaping procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alteridad: Revista de Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identification of technical Competencies required in different functional areas, by professional levels, allows selection and training processes to be addressed in a more effective and efficient way, contributing to the added value of the actions developed by the National Institute of Public Administration (INAP) and achieving the General State Administration (AGE) objectives. The objective of this paper are to propose a methodology to identify and define the technical competencies needed for a correct work performance, as well as to contrast its usefulness in detecting training needs for AGE workers. The methodology uses both focus groups for the making of profiles in the area of people management and questionnaires to detect learning needs. Application process of the functional analysis carried out and the results obtained are described. Specifically, the model of technical competencies in the area of people management for managerial, technical and support roles, and the training needs study results carried out in the area. Implications of the process are discussed, and improvement suggestions for the detection of training needs and training planning within the AGE are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of pottery production is a key element to analyse the transformation of the economic and social structures of human groups during the neolithization process as it is directly linked to their progressive sedentary and the formation of complex societies. In addition, the study of ceramic manufacturing traditions can provide essential information to understand the technological equipment, as well as the axes of cultural transmission of a society, although there are generally few studies that go beyond the analysis of ceramic morphology and/or typology. In this context, the use-wear analysis of the shell tools linked to the human occupations of the ancient and recent Neolithic in Cueva de El Toro (Antequera, Málaga) has been developed, including the artifacts associated with a pottery workshop documented in situ during the Subphase IIIB. The results obtained, from the development of a broad analytical experimental program, have confirmed that the shell tools were used, along with other technological elements, to carry out specific activities within the pottery manufacturing process. Finally, from a multidisciplinary perspective (taxonomy, taphonomy, experimental archaeology and use-wear analysis) it has been possible to reconstruct the chaîne opératoire of these tools, and establish a comparison on the role played in relation to the pottery production during the ancient and recent Neolithic in Cueva de El Toro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a corpus-based study of the Spanish phrase en plan (de) from a functional perspective. Overall, seven different functions have been identified, which can be grouped into two macrofunctions, namely the adverbial and the discursive values. Discursive uses are only recorded since the late 20th century, and they are more frequent in oral texts. The study also shows the variation between the prepositional phrase en plan de and the adverbial phrase en plan, which gains ground in the most recent texts. Finally, a more detailed analysis of the use of en plan (de) among Spanish teenagers in the early 21st century is also provided, since it is in this demographic sector where the use of the formula is more recurrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas de la Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (Version impresa) is the property of Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Use-wear studies began in the 1960s with Semenov's publication entitled Prehistoric Technology (1964). Since then, a great number of investigations have been carried out to elucidate subsistence activities based on the functionality of the artifacts. Unfortunately, in Mexico few studies have focused on this type of analysis (Elizalde & Mandujano 2000; Lewenstein 1990; Mirambell 1964). In the present study, 36 lithic artifacts associated with huntergatherer groups from Pleistocene-Holocene transition contexts (13130-12671 cal. AP) were analyzed microscopically with the aim of characterizing micropolishes and inferring functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista MAD is the property of Revista MAD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the case study of a man treated for alcohol addiction, bulimia, and a generalized lack of control. The results obtained show full compliance with the objectives established for the intervention. The aim of this article is to explain, in a case of such complexity, which were the underlying processes that allowed for the therapeutic change to take place in such a small number of sessions. From this analysis it is hypothesized that some of the factors that could explain this success are related to the adaptation of the intervention techniques, such as the therapist' discourse, and to the client's dispositional and functional variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implementation of electronic government in Spain, specifically in local councils, is described. We tackle an array of questions about how this process is being carried out. We analyse whether recommendations given to the public sector by European and national rules and regulations are leaving behind several well-defined stages which should be previously solved. We are referring to the organic-functional aspects before looking for technical solutions and technical paths towards implementing metadata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explored the effects of motivating operations on the self-harming behaviour of a 42-year-old woman with intellectual disabilities. Functional analysis showed that her behaviour was maintained by positive social (attention and tangible) and automatic reinforcement. A multielement design was used to explore presession effects (access to attention and attention deprivation) on the frequency of the behaviour. The results showed that when access to attention was presented to the participant, the frequency of the behaviour decreased, suggesting the action of an abolishing operation. In conclusion, the use of preventive strategies to treat problem behaviours are emphasised, as well as the need for a functional assessment to understand the nature of these behaviours and to design intervention plans aimed at minimizing such behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze in detail a Spanish historical nineteenth-century invention used for mineral extraction: the Emilina machine. In particular, three-dimensional modeling is performed using software parametric (CATIA v5) of each of the elements of the set. Also, after obtaining the 3D model, a functional analysis using techniques of Computer Aided Engineering has been performed, based on the analysis of the von Mises stress and displacement, ensuring that the highest stress concentrations occur in the principal axis, the radii of the pulleys, the upper cable of the main drum, the connection between the secondary shaft and the main drum and the wood support structure, and that the highest concentration of displacements on the steering wheel of the steam machine, in the main shaft on which it is coupled and in the pulleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews what information needs to be gathered to carry out the functional analysis of a clinical case, what the scientific characteristics of this information are, how to integrate available information, and how to graphically represent clinical judgments to make treatment decisions. Functional analysis is the integration of important, modifiable, causal variables and causal relations associated with a client's behavior problems and intervention goals. We present a clinical case to illustrate the applications of behavioral assessment methods and to show how data obtained in the assessment process can be integrated into a functional analysis. Functional Analytic Clinical Case Diagrams (FACCD), which are causal diagrams of a functional analysis, are also introduced. The functional analysis and FACCD are designed to efficiently communicate the functional analysis to others, as an aid in teaching case formulations, and to assist in selecting the most beneficial intervention focus with a client. The functional analysis is a dynamic, hypothesized, idiographic clinical case formulation. The validity of a functional analysis can be confined to particular settings or contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgenderism is an emergent phenomenon. Thus there are few psychological assessment instruments. The aim of this paper is to show to the community of practitioners of clinical psychology and social intervention a tool in order to facilitate this task. A brief introduction to the phenomenon of transsexualism and psychological evaluation in this field is made. This almost always focuses generally on the diagnosis or other personality variables (like personality traits, depression, anxiety...). Later, the main problems that may happen while the transsexual processing are addressed. These problems are a real or potential source of psychological conflicts. Then, the behavioral assessment which is largely forgotten in this area is briefly described. Finally it's proposed a new tool. The main result is the Interview Guide for the Functional Analysis of behavioral sequences (IGFABS). It's concluded with the need for more behavioral assessment in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Calderoniano is the property of Anuario Calderoniano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a functional analysis of the therapist's verbal behavior in a typical anxiety case is presented. Once all therapeutic utterances to be reinforced and anti-therapeutic utterances to be extinguished were listed, the extent to which the therapist's utterances had played a role in effecting the desired change in the client's verbal behavior was analyzed. In order to do so, four of the fifteen recorded sessions from the treatment were observed, and the occurrence of the desired operant chains was noted. After this, it was concluded that the therapist's performance is consistent with its aims, in that the clinical interaction is modeled as a verbal shaping process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This observational, descriptive, transversal study sought to establish prevalence, frequency, risk factors and university context features in a private University in Bogota, Colombia, all associated to smoking in the University population (n=973) in 2008-2009. Results suggest confirming that experimenting with these substances is related to environmental variables such as availability and ease of Access, besides positive valuing practices towards smoking, exhibited by the participants' reference groups. We noticed that, whilst it is true that smoking may have been learnt before being a part of the University community, the University itself is a social reinforcement context, which encourages the excessive following of behavioural rules. It means that University context promotes social behaviour modes that lie under control of a history of correspondence between rules and natural contingencies in social interaction, as noticed by all groups when they pointed to social factors as the element with the most weight when deciding to smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The identification (and the structural and functional characterization) of genes which can be legitimately regarded as involved in the regulation of the development of the neuronal substrate of the "language organ" is crucial for a comprehensive neurobiological depiction of the language faculty, but also for the elucidation of the etiology of different inherited language impairments, as these genes, when mutated, can also be plausibly considered as casual (or risk) factors for the appearance of such impairments. Different molecular techniques have been developed for cloning and molecularly characterising the so-called "language genes". Nevertheless, the real significance of their output is heavily constrained by methodological caveats and shortcomings. Besides all kind of problems related to the very way in which the phenotype (a starting point for these cloning techniques) is defined, categorised, and delimited, most relevant of them concern the foundations themselves of such techniques, but also the genuine relationship which holds between genes and language, which can never be regarded as a direct causal link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an analysis of the research on engraving techniques used at Piedra Museo archaeological locality in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Particular focus is given to the petroglyphs, which provide valuable archaeological information on the characteristics of ancient hunter-gatherer societies.

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Any comprehensive neurobiological depiction of the language faculty (but also the elucidation of the etiology of different inherited language impairments) demands, among other things, the identification (and the structural and functional characterization) of genes which can be properly regarded as involved in the regulation of the development of the neuronal substrate of the "language organ". Such genes can also be plausibly considered as casual (or risk) factors for the appearance of such impairments. Different molecular techniques have been developed for cloning and molecular characterising the so-called "language genes". In spite of their noteworthy analytic yield, the real significance of their output can only be truly apprehended when methodological caveats and shortcomings are also considered. One of the most significant concerns the way in which the phenotype (which is a starting point for these cloning techniques) is defined, categorised, and delimited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the cultural practices analysis of a group of private and public schools students, some of them ascribed to the Red de Jóvenes por la Paz (Youth for Peace Network) and their pairs not ascribed to the Red. Methodology included the functional analysis based on the multisource information (from 12 students, some of their teachers, and some NGOs members), and multimethod evaluation (interviews, field diaries, and cine forum). Results are presented through the diagrams and cultural practices analysis proposed Mattaini (1996, 2001a), where contingencies related to youth practices are detailed. The analysis permitted to conclude that peace behaviors were similar in female and male, with some differences related to motivational conditions; the way how some initiatives identified and named as Peace spaces is discussed, in terms of how they should intentionally focus and aboard the issue, with its complexity, and recognizing youth as its conceptualizing and acting-out actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the validation process of a case formulation protocol, based on the theoretical perspective of Behavior Analysis, in order to contribute to the development of a case formulation model aimed to organize the information coming from evaluation, to reduce clinical judgment bias, and to orient the clinical intervention towards a coherent and consistent way with the analysis categories belonging to the field of Psychological Wellbeing. Validity was defined as a function of the use of a single case design with a time series methodology and the internal validity of the formulations, based on criteria of consistency among the categories and the descriptive and explicative hypotheses, and among these and the intervention plan. The clinical formulation process was finished with six cases, taking the intervention efficacy as the validity criterion. Results point to the high level of inference and hypotheses based on clinical judgment rather than on empirical evidences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)