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Copyright of Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The taxonomic identification of species through analysis of the variation of orthologous DNA sequences, complement the information obtained with morphological characters. Cytogenetic studies indicate that polyploid taxa occur in the subfamily Opuntioideae, Opuntia ficus-indica, contributing to morphological variability in the individuals of a population, and influencing the correct identification of species. However, the lengths of the sequences in Opuntioideae are affected by the extraction of pure DNA. Different extraction methods were evaluated and modified, and a procedure was established to obtain good quality DNA, free of inhibitors for gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. The ratio A260/A280 and A260/A230 ranged from 1.6 to 2.1, revealing absence of contamination with the modified protocol for DNA extraction from cotton leaves. This method is inexpensive compared to those of commercial manufacturers and, therefore, can be applied in studies with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Tephrocactus is a genus of Cactaceae belonging to the Opuntioideae subfamily, with most of its species endemic to Argentina. It comprises bushes with lax branches formed by globose joints, which are often fragile and detach generating new plants. Clonal reproduction is associated with the occurrence of high ploidy levels in the genus. The aim of this work was to compare morpho-anatomical traits of the epidermis and underlying tissues of Tephrocactus taxa with different ploidy levels (2n = 22, 44, 77, 88, 242 and 319) and to evaluate them in a phylogenetic context. M&M: The epidermis and underlying tissues of specimens were studied by means of classical histological techniques. The morpho-anatomical variables were statistically compared and mapped on the phylogeny of the genus. Results: The stomatal frequency, the frequency of ordinary epidermal cells, the stomatal index, and the stomata length were determined and the underlying tissues (hypodermis) were analyzed with special reference to the shape, frequency and arrangement of druses. All the variables studied showed statistically significant differences among taxa. A positive relationship was found between ploidy levels and size of all types of epidermal cells and druses. Conclusions: The common ancestor of the group would have small stomata, an intermediate frequency of ordinary epidermal cells, and druses in their hypodermis. The characteristics of the epidermis and underlying tissues correlate with the level of ploidy in the Tephrocactus taxa studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Sierras de Famatina are an important area of endemism, where two representatives of Trichocereus coexist, whose taxonomic identity is discussed. Trichocereus. pseudocandicans is endemic, with colorful, diurnal flowers; while, T. candicans has a wider distribution, with white and nocturnal flowers. Taking these differences into account, we carried out a morpho-anatomical study of perigonium, gynoecium and fruit, making qualitative and quantitative comparisons. The objective is to generate new information for the genus, provide reliable taxonomic traits, and make inferences about its reproductive biology. M&M: We made temporary and permanent histological preparations of flowers and fruits, using classical techniques. In addition, we analyzed 43 morpho-anatomical variables, which were statistically compared. Results: The entities present similar morpho-anatomical traits but are differentiated by the color of the perigonium and the total size of the flowers. The following characters stand out: the style presents a stilar canal and transmitter tissue, the receptacle and the ovary wall are notoriously different but intimately fused, even after fertilization, circinate ovules, among others. Only 27.9% of the variables analyzed resulted in statistically significant differences, the flowers of T. candicans being slightly larger than those of T. pseudocandicans. Conclusions: The similarity found between the taxa reaffirms their high degree of kinship, and it is possible that T. pseudocandicans is a subspecies or hybrid of T. candicans. On the other hand, the different floral traits could be due to a high phenotypic variability, influenced by the particular characteristics of the Famatina Sierras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Cactaceae is an American family, very diverse in the western Andes. However, its diversity and distribution are not yet precisely known, as no exhaustive inventories or species records have been made in potentially biodiverse localities; therefore, this research seeks to determine the diversity and distribution of Cactaceae in the Cháparra Valley. Field visits were carried out from 2016 to 2018, covering the whole extension of the valley (coastal zone, valley zone and highlands), from 100 to 3500 m. Intensive searches were carried out, with botanical collections, geographical data collected (coordinates, altitude) and photographs taken. The taxa were identified with the aid of specialized bibliography. 23 taxa were recorded, 18 of which are endemic to Peru and two exclusive to Arequipa. In terms of distribution, Cactaceae are found from 170 to >3000 m. In the coastal zone, six taxa have been recorded, ranging from 170 to 700 m. The valley zone, which ranges from 300 to 3000 m, has 17 taxa, with the greatest diversity in the 1500-1800 m range. Finally, the upper zone, which is above 3000 m, has four taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinopsis chamaecereus cv. “Aurea” is an ornamental cactus whose achlorophyllic condition limits photosynthesis and it must be grafted onto another cactus in order to survive. For its commercial use, propagation systems such as in vitro plant tissue culture are required. The purpose of this research was to establish a protocol for in vitro regeneration of Echinopsis chamaecereus cv. ‘Aurea’ plants from areolar segments. Explants were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (6% v/v) and colloidal silver (0.048%) and sown in MS medium with benzylaminopurine (4.4, 8.8 and 13.2 mM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (5.3, 10.7 and 16.0 mM). The experimental design was completely randomized with 20 repetitions per treatment and the experimental unit was an explant in each flask. Shoots and callus were formed at 30 d with 13.2 mM benzylaminopurine and 5.3 mM naphthalenacetic acid; 12.6 shoots per explant and 3.01 g of fresh callus tissue were obtained. In the multiplication stage 55 shoots were regenerated per explant with 13.2 mM benzylaminopurine and 5.3 mM naphthaleneacetic acid. Callus were not morphogenic and did not survive. With this in vitro regeneration system, it is feasible to generate “Aurea” plants for the production of micrografts and massive multiplication for conservation and commercial purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of storage time and six scarification treatments on seed germination of Ferocactus townsendianus. Two treatments based on sulfuric acid (H2SO4), two with hydrochloric acid (HCl), one with water and one as control group, were compared using a linear model with repeated measurements over time and orthogonal contrasts. H2SO4 and HCl increased germination (P <0.05) in relation to the control, in seeds with 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 years of storage, H2SO4 being generally better, this treatment also increased germination (P <0.05) of the seeds with 11 years of storage. The rest of the seeds did not show differences (P <0.05) between the treatments. The water treatment had zero germination. It is concluded that treatments with H2SO4 and HCl are recommended to break seed dormancy with storage times between 1 and 11 years, the response with H2SO4 being better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Exploratoris: Revista de la Realidad Global is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The selection of new genotypes of forage spineless cacti is essential, mainly due to the limited number of existing materials, for this the evaluation of the physiological aspects can be an important criterion to consider. In this context, an experiment was carried out from January to November 2016 at the Benjamim Maranhão Experimental Station, belonging to EMEPA-PB in the municipality of Tacima, state of Paraíba, Brazil, objectifying to evaluate the quantum yield and water use efficiency of forage spineless cacti genotypes in the Brazilian Semiarid. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block with 6 treatments, corresponding to the genotypes V07 Negro Michoacan, V14 California, T03 Raio Vigor, T42 Amarilla Vach, FR Direkteur e F16 Oreja de Elefante, all of Mexican origin, originating from the EMEPA germplasm bank in three replicates, with 20 plants per experimental unit. The evaluated variables were chlorophyll a fluorescence initial, maximum and variable, in addition to the variable/initial fluorescence ratio, potential quantum income, efficiency of rainfall use, water accumulation and cultural hydric footprint. The genotypes V07 and V14 were more efficient (P <0.05) in the photochemical activity of photosystem II, potentializing its photochemical activity, expressing also greater efficiency in water use, being recommended for cultivation in the semiarid region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cerro del Muerto Natural Monument Protected Natural Area (PNA) is located in the municipalities of Aguascalientes and Jesus Maria within the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. The official PNA management plan reports that 8% of its flora belongs to the family Cactaceae; however, such document does not include a species list. The draft of the management plan registers 14 Cactaceae taxa. Both documents mention the presence of species registered under the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010; however, there is no physical evidence that supports this information. This work presents a floristic list of 17 taxa found at the Cerro del Muerto Natural Monument and Protected Natural Area, of which three are included in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, as well as the appropriate reference to the herbarium specimens as evidence that supports the provided information. In addition, and to reach a wider audience, an electronic identification key that allows an easy determination of the cacti found at this PNA is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present the catalogue of the Cactaceae family of the department of Arequipa, Peru; for which we made field trips between years 2010 and 2016, from 0 to above 4500 m of elevation, we obtained data from national and foreign herbaria, reviewed specialized literature, observed images of the types (HSP, F, B, K, ZZS, HEID, US and U) and consulted specialists. It consists of 56 non-cultivated taxa, grouped into 2 subfamilies (Opuntioideae and Cactoideae), 7 tribes and 20 genera. The most representative taxa correspond to Cumulopuntia (11 spp.), Corryocactus (7 spp.) and Loxanthocereus (6 spp.); 21 of these taxa are endemic and the most diverse of them are Cumulopuntia with 6 spp., Loxanthocereus with 3 spp. and Corryocactus with 3 spp. The taxa are listed in alphabetical order and for each taxon is indicated the scientific name, synonyms and basionyms, bibliographic references, habit, ecology, altitudinal distribution, specimen voucher, departmental distribution, provincial distribution and conservation status. In addition, a dichotomous key is presented for the genera of Arequipa and the taxonomy and distribution are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years, the fruit cultivation in Colombia has positioned as an option for growth and agricultural reactivation, within these the yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) which is a wild, native cactus in the Andean region has become an important sector for the economy of Boyacá. The current investigation seeks to identify the genetic diversity in producers municipalities the province of Lengupá. For that, were selected 12 yellow pitahaya materials it was characterized with seven markers RAMs. A total of 154 bands with molecular weights from 300 to 1450 Kb were generated. A similarity coefficient of 0,60, two groups of very lax manner were formed. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 15 to 22 for the AG and CA primers, respectively, in general, the variation found with all markers was high with percentages of polymorphic loci ranging between 76% (TG and CCA) and 98% (CT). The average heterozygosity value of 0,34 was much lower than reported in other studies of genetic diversity in Cactaceae, but more higher that founded in pitahayas since now in Colombia using the technique RAMs. Therefore, genetic variability exists in yellow pitahaya materials from province of Lengupá, which can be exploited in breeding strategies seeking the identified of elite materials that responses to the market needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity of naturalized species of the genus Opuntia (Cactaceae) used by the people of Northern Córdoba (Argentina). Agriculture understood as cultivation and domestication of plants constitute a practice orientated by botanical knowledge of different cultures. The study of plant diversity, cultivated and domesticated by a community is useful for understanding the underlying interests around them. In Argentina, particularly in Córdoba, there are few ethnobotanical research works about the relationship established between human groups and Cactaceae. That is why, in this study, an ethnobotanical research was conducted white creole inhabitants in the north of Córdoba. Methodology consisted of open and semistructured interviews, field exploration and herbarium material collection. We identified seven different kinds of “tunas", which have been collected from natural ecosystem and currently undergo domestication process. Six of them belong to the botanical species Opuntia ficus-indica (4 to form ficus-indica: “Amarilla", “Cordobesa", “Italiana" and “Salteña"; and 2 to form amyclaea: “Colorada" and “Blanca"), and the seventh belongs to the botanical species Opuntia robusta (“Cuaresma"). Plant uses declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yellow pitahaya Selenicereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Moran is an exotic fruit with an interesting market potential both domestically and internationally. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic variability that exists in the municipalities that produce it in the province of Lengupá with a morphological characterization of 25 genetic materials using 27 descriptors, of which 18 were quantitative and 9 were qualitative, for the phylloclades and fruits. The principal component analysis determined that the main morphological characters discriminant of variability are: rib width (RW), height of the undulations between successive areolas in a rib (UH), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FWI), length of the longest apex bract (LAB), equatorial bract length (LEB), fruit weight (FW), peel weight (PW), pulp/peel ratio (PPR), soluble solids (SS), fruit shape (FS). The heirarchical cluster analysis resulted in four groups that corresponded to where the materials were collected. Genetic diversity exists in the yellow pitahaya which must be used in the breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Corryocactus dillonii Pauca & Quip. (Cactaceae) is an endemic of the lomas formations is here described, Arequipa, Peru. Is characterized to present young yellowish spines, short central spines and yellowish infundibuliform flowers. A taxonomical key for the species of Corryocactus from the Arequipa region; moreover, a comparative table of closely related species, the IUCN conservation status, and an geographical distribution map for the species of Corryocactus from Arequipa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some aspects of morphology, taxonomy and nomenclature about Monvillea phatnosperma (K. Schum.) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae), a species native from the north of the 'Great Chaco' and adjacent areas, are considered. M. phatnosperma var. arenasii var. nov. is described and ilustrated in replacement of Monvillea kroenleinii R. Kiesling -nom. inval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the northwest of Córdoba, taxa of Cactaceae represent an important resource that contributes to the subsistence and daily life of local people, being winter particularly hard for people's life and animal production, and it is almost impossible to grow rain-fed crops all year round. The aim of this work was to recover and systematize local botanical knowledge, emphasizing the diversity of cactus taxa used, associated management practices, and valorization of these plants by residents of the study area. Here we report a list of 13 native and naturalized taxa, with their vernacular names and their uses. We recorded 12 types of uses and six management practices. Finally, we found that locals valued cacti as important or very important for their usefulness as a subsistence resource (forage and food) and for their ornamental value (aesthetic and economic). Therefore, the botanical knowledge of some people on these taxa represents useful future information for the entire population and for persons dealing with management and conservation plans of arid environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of taxonomy and conservation status of three cacti inside of the Trichocereeae tribe of the Cactaceae family is presented: Cleistocactus acanthurus subsp. faustianus (Backeberg) Ostolaza, Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg and Mila nealeana Backeberg, located in Umarcata hill and Orobel Valley, in the lower basin of the Chillón River. Plants correspond to collections made between 2003 and 2004 as part of a larger research project on the Cactaceae of Lima. Data on the taxonomic characteristics of plants and their location and condition were recorded. Cleistocactus acanthurus subsp. faustianus, decumbent cactus that reaches 40-45 cm in height, is located in Chillón, Rímac and Santa Eulalia valleys (Lima) and is in Endangered (EN) status. Espostoa melanostele, columnar cactus reaching between 1.3 and 2 m high, is located from Saña (Lambayeque) to Pisco (Ica) valleys and is in Near Threatened (NT) status, while Mila nealeana, cespitose cactus reaching 8-10 cm tall, endemic to Lima, is located from Cañete to Fortaleza valleys and is in Endangered (EN) status, according to D.S. N°046-2006-AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Four species of cacti found in the Cerro Umarcata, Chillon River Valley, Canta-Lima arid ecosystem were studied. Phenological patterns for flowering and fruiting were recorded for Espostoa melanostele, Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. aureispinus, Melocactus peruvianus and Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora between October 2006 and September 2007. Eight phenological stages were identified. For flowering, "Wilted Flower" and "Aborted Flower Bud" were the most common phenological stages. For the fruiting phenophase "Mature Fruit" was observed at low frequency during the study. Temperature was positively correlated with the frequency of "Wilted Flower", "Developing Fruit", "Mature Fruit" and "Dehiscent Fruit". Relative Humidity was positively correlated with the "Flowering Bud", "Open Flower", "Developing Fruit" and "Immature Fruit". phenological stages [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cactaceae is a representative group of the national flora of Mexico that faces conservation problems due to overexploitation and illegal trade at the national and state levels. In this paper the present distribution of three cactus species protected by Federal Law (Ferocactus histrix, Mammillaria bombycina and M. perezdelarosae) occurring in the state of Aguascalientes is updated and their potential distribution estimated using ecological niche modeling techniques. Most populations of F. histrix were found in the western half of the state of Aguascalientes at elevations between 1750 and 2473 m, in canyons of difficult access or low hills. The populations of M. bombycina were located in southwestern Aguascalientes at elevations between 1847 and 2417 m, in canyon walls and in horizontal terrain close to the cliffs. Finally, populations of M. perezdelarosae were located in the southwestern and central regions of the state on exposed bedrock at elevations between 2024 and 2417 m. This study contributes to our knowledge of the distribution and the populations of all three species, which may be used for future reintroduction and conservation efforts of these species in the state of Aguascalientes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New state records for one species of Cactaceae and two species of Solanaceae from México are presented. Mammillaria mathildae, a narrow endemic species known only from limited populations around the capital city of Querétaro, and Physalis longiloba and P. waterfallii are endemic species known only from Jalisco in western México and Michoacán, are recorded for the first time from Guanajuato. The three species were previously known only from the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, and Querétaro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture desorption isotherms for yellow pitahaya fruits were studied at 15, 25, and 35 ° C using the gravimetric method for a 0.111-0.901 water activity range. Experimental values were adjusted by using the GAB, Henderson, Smith, Oswin y Chung y Fost models. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) was determined using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The results showed that yellow pitahaya fruits exhibit type III adsorption isotherms and that the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) is temperature-dependent. For the same water activity value, the EMC decreased when temperature increased. The GAB model presented the best fit to the experimental values. The Qst dropped from 61.43 a 45.11 kJ/mol when the EMC increased from 0.08 to 0.56 g water/g dry matter, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammillaria cielensis (cactaceae), a new species of cactaceae from "el cielo" Biosphere reserve (RBC) in tamaulipas, mexico, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to M. zublerae repp., differing from this species in the size of the stem, the rounded form of the apex, the smaller tubercles, the areoles with white wool, the more numerous and somewhat shorter radial and central spines, the colour and size of the fruits, the shinier and larger seeds, with heavily pitted and slightly reticulate testa, and larger hilum. Its known distribution is restricted to pine oak forest in the RBC, in the southern part of the state of tamaulipas, mexico. a comparison with related species is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this scientific note I analyze two new paradigms in the Cactaceae recruitment and establishment. The first one is related to the facilitation effect given by "nurse objects" (rocks) compared with "nurse plants", which could be enhanced in places where fog deposition and dew formation are highly frequent phenomena. The trophic biology of the rock-colonizing cactus is the second paradigm. Recent studies have discovered and isolated bacteria living into (endophytic) and outside (in the rhizoplane) cactus roots which are responsible for rock weathering and nutrients release. Research on the "hidden" water gains driven by rocks and bacteria isolation and inoculation to cactus seedlings are very important topics in the endemic cactus populations' restoration and recovering plans in arid environments of the Andean western slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the study on the taxonomy and conservation status of two cacti, Melocactus peruvianus Vaupel and Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora (Werderm. & Backeb.) Ostolaza, from Umarcata Hill and Orobel Valley, in the lower river basin of the Chillon River. Plants were collected in February and July 2003, and February, May, August, and December 2004, recording data on taxonomic characteristics, as well as location and condition. Melocactus peruvianus is a solitary globose cactus, from 7 to 17 cm tall, distributed from the borderline between Peru and Ecuador to Arequipa in Peru, and its conservation status is Vulnerable (VU). Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora is a columnar cactus, from 1.3 to 4 m tall, endemic to Peru, distributed in the departments of Ancash, Lima and Ica. Its conservation status is Least Concern (LC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new species of Monvillea (Cactaceae, Cactoideae) is described for the North border of Argentina, at the Humid East Chaco. It is highly possible this species exist also in Paraguay. A key to differentiate the Argentinean species is provided. It is added a detailed note about the validity of the genus Monvillea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of Rebutia are distributed from northwestern Argentina to southern Bolivia (Cochabamba to Tarija). Five species grow in Argentina, including the type species of the genus: R. minuscula. The phenotypic diversity, very variable within the species of Rebutia, promoted the publication of numerous specific and infraspecific names, leading to considerable confusion in nomenclature, synonymy, and distinctive characters of its species, particularly for R. minuscula, whose delimitation overlaps with that of R. wessneriana. The aim of this work is to reevaluate the circumscription of R. minuscula. Exo-micromorphological characteristics of natural populations growing in the upper mountain forest and high-grasslands of Catamarca, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy provinces, were analyzed. Data were documented with illustrations and photographs; information of geographic distribution is provided as well as ecological and phenological observations. Synonyms are included and the nomenclatural types for some of them are established. Rebutia wessneriana is considered as subspecies of R. minuscula and a new combination and a new rank is proposed: Rebutia minuscula subsp. wessneriana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes pollen characteristics of Rebutia deminuta, R. fabrisii var. fabrisii, R. fabrisii var. aureiflora, R. fiebrigii, R. marsoneri, R. minuscula subsp. minuscula, R. minuscula subsp. wessneriana and R. padcayensis to provide data that allow species delimitation. Pollen samples were collected in different mountain localities of northwestern Argentina. Observations, counts and measures of pollen grains were carried out under optical (MO) and scanning electron microscopy (MEB). Results show that Rebutia is a stenopalynous genus; pollen grains are apolar or isopolar, radiosymmetric, medium-sized (32-55 µm), circular to subcircular; tricolpate or pantocolpate; with textate, perforate and nanoechinate exine. Differences among taxa are discussed, and a palinological key is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment to determine the survival of Melocactus peruvianus Vaupel and Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. aureispinus (Rauh & Backeberg) Ostolaza plantlets under different solar expositions was carried out. It was found out that the small plants survive more healthfully under shade conditions. These results reinforce the hypothesis that field observed recruitment is favored by the beneficial action of nursing plants (a plant that provides protection to its own seedlings or those of another species against heat stress, water or nutrients deficiency and herbivores) in the first years of development. Cacti and stones serve as nurses at the Chillón river valley due to the lack of a well developed shrubs layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A phenology study of the Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora cactus was conducted at Umarcata hills, located in the lower Chillon river basin, Lima, Peru. Fifteen fully grown plants were randomly selected and marked in order to evaluate their phenological status through the different seasons over a year period. Observations were registered monthly from October 2003 to September 2004. Correspondence analysis was used to hypotesize about the pattern sequence of the cactus plant phenophases. Results indicate that two well marked phenological variables are present: Flowering between November and April, and fructification from May to October. Phenology appears as an irregular event, with eight phases. The phenophase of flowering buttons (November) was present more frequently (59.44%) across the whole year; followed by inmature fruits (35.36%) in May and September; aborted buttons (32.78%) in December, February and March; mature fruit (27.78%) in August; dispersion and total flowering (12.78%) in July and April; dead flowers (10%) in January; initiating fruits (6.77%) in October and vegetative stage (8.33) in June. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key and descriptions of Stenocereus species with brown areoles are presented based on the revision of herbarium specimens, field observations, and intensive field collections. The species of Stenocereus with brown areoles are seven and can be distinguished from other species of the genus up to day known in their glandular trichomes conferring a dark color to all their areoles and in their distribution centered in western Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La familia Cactaceae en Colombia se encuentra distribuida en ambientes de zonas secas. El bosque seco en Colombia posee las condiciones adecuadas para esta familia, donde se han reportado un total de 27 géneros y 83 especies (este valor si es real para bosque seco), la mayoría están presentes en los valles interandinos; a pesar de esto, en la Región Caribe (zona de gran extensión en bosque seco), no cuenta con muchos estudios para esta familia o son casi nulos [1, cactaceas de santamarta]No obstante, en otros departamentos como en Sucre, donde el bosque seco se distribuye en los Montes de María con una extensión de 2.578 Km2, no existen estudios resportados hasta la fecha, que permita conocer la diversidad de esta familia. Por lo que se realizaron estudios para determinar las especies que conforman la cactoflora del Bs-T en los municipios de Chalán y Morroa del departamento de Sucre (Montes de María). Para esto se realizaron recorridos ad libitum (Guillermo Reina) en los relictos de Bs-T; donde a cada individuo se le registró datos de georeferencia, tipo de hábitat, presencia o ausencia de espinas, color de las mismas, y otros caracteres que se puedan perder en el secado. Posteriormente se llevaron al herbario HEUS para su prensado, secado, identificación y respectivo montaje. Despues de haber realizado expediciones y recorridos en las zonas de estudios se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados logrando identificarlas siguientes especies; Pereskia bleo, Pereskia guamacho, Rhipsalis baccifera, Pseudorhipsalis amazonica, Hylocereus costaricensis, Acanthocereus pentagonus, Epiphyllum phyllantus, Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia cochenillefera y Opuntia caracassana. Estudios como estos demuestran la gran importancia de estudiar a esta familia ya que debido a la perdida del habitat por la ganadería, estas especies se encuentran en riesgo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]