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Introduction: The discharge of hospital wastewater leads to the establishment of microorganisms from human biota in aquatic ecosystems. This is risky, as there is the possibility of horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from bacteria to other bacterial strains in the aquatic ecosystem and the environment in general, contributing to the expansion of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the therapeutic ineffectiveness of these medicines. Objective: To demonstrate the environmental risk due to discharge of wastewater from a hospital into an urban river in Santa Clara, Cuba. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were isolated from sediment and soil from the banks of the Bélico river and their resistance to parenteral antibiotics for intra-hospital use employed between 2015 and 2019 was determined. If positive, the environmental risk of these medicines in terrestrial surface waters was estimated, and the resistance of in-hospital strains was assessed. Results and Discussion: All isolated bacterial strains were resistant to at least one of the parenteral antibiotics for intra-hospital use employed in the period under study. All antibiotics were environmentally risky in terrestrial surface waters. There was a high antibiotic resistance of the strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Conclusions: The discharge of untreated wastewater into the Bélico river led to the establishment of bacterial strains which can have a negative impact on the environment, including human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of [i2]: Research & Innovation in Architecture / Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio is the property of Universitat D'Alacant and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and it could affect any organ, the most common form is the pulmonary tuberculosis. It is transmitted by particles produced from smear-positive individuals coughing, sneezing or speaking. Is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the region of the Americas and Colombia, becoming a public health problem that threatens the progress to control it. The purpose of this research is to determine the sociodemographic, environmental and clinical factors associated with the development of tuberculosis in household contacts of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in the city of Medellin. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted, under a observational cross-sectional and retrospective analytical design in household contacts of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in the period January - July 2015 epidemiological field research. They were considered household contacts if residing in the same household of the case. The dependent variable was the development of tuberculosis in contacts. A univariate analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages. For bivariate analysis, the chi-square test of independence of Pearson and Fisher exact test with a level of statistical significance less than < 0.05 was used. Prevalence ratio with confidence intervals of 95 % was calculated. Results: 3614 household contacts of 925 TB cases are studied, with an average contact rate of 3,9 cases, were found 57 (1,6 %)contacts who developed tuberculosis, 5,6 % were respiratory symptoms and 92,8 % were healthy contacts were found. There was statistically significant association between with lack of lighting (RP: 2,3 IC: 1,2-4,4), lack of ventilation (RP: 2,2 IC: 1,3 -3,5), overcrowded housing (RP: 3,0 IC: 1,5 - 6,1), antecedent of HIV in contacts (RP: 73,3 IC: 10,5 - 509,8), and the development of tuberculosis in household contacts. Conclusions: The antecedent of HIV, the lack of lighting, lack of ventilation and overcrowding in the residence are associated with the development of tuberculosis in household contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is a convenience to describe the history across evolution of the work, because it plays a role in origin and maintenance of human societies. Then, the practice occupational medicine would become important in the development of the humanity. However, like any knowledge, it has several contents that evolving in the time. Occupational Medicine so called Occupational and Environmental Medicine, is a main science inside Occupational Health. The present article tries to define concepts of Occupational Medicine, Occupational and Environment Medicine and Occupational Health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]