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In Guanaceví, Durango, previous works describe a volcano-sedimentary succession referred to as the Lower Volcanic Complex. In this succession, Calpionella alpina, Calpionella elliptica and Tintinnopsella carpathica were reported in limestone strata considered to be from the Middle Berriasian. The locality of this find is imprecise, and no taxonomic evidence of the microfossils was provided to verify their presence in rocks of this age in western Mexico. The objective of this work is to offer taxonomic evidence of the fossiliferous assemblage composed of Chitinoidella sp., Crassicollaria sp., Crassicollaria massutinianna, Remaniella sp., and Tintinnopsella carpathica, from the late Tithonian to the early Berriasian, likewise, the precise location of the fossiliferous localities is given. The presence of the fossiliferous assemblage treated here, together with previous reports on the relatively close existence of Crassicollaria massutinianna, extends the distribution of calpionellids, from a Tethyan environment to the Boreal Pacific realm in western Mexico. The stratigraphic succession in which the fossils are found is formed, at the base, by polymictic and immature conglomerate, which gradually passes into sandstone, shale, and limestone, with tuff and andesite spills interspersed. The characteristics of these lithologies possibly represent a transgression, from continental facies to marginal coastal and deep marine facies, with volcanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The general characterization of the phytocoenosis of Monte Cristo is given and it is stated that this is the only place where Pinus cubensis grows on limestone derivated soils. The main objectives were the study of the plant communities as ecosystems conservation elements and the effects of climatic change monitoring. A study, by Braun Blanquet methodology, is presented of the association Alvaradoo arborescentis-Pinetum cubensis and its two subassociation: typicum and colubrinetosum that grow on limestone are described referring to their characteristics and ecological conditions. The following associations, that grow on ophiolites, are also studied: Gundlachio cubanae-Pinetum cubensis and Lepidaploo orbicularis-Pinetum cubensis; a characterization is given similar to the previous. Finally the floristic relation is analyzed with all the phytocoenoses described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Complutum is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Limestone rock has long been of great importance economics for society, due to its physicochemical characteristics that allow its use as input for the manufacture of covering, lime, cement, concrete and stuc. At the municipality of Manaure-Cesar, La Tomita sector outcrop limestones interspersed with shales, corresponding to the Lagunita Formation of the Cogollo Group. This research has as its main objective to know the geographical distribution of the Lagunita Formation, the chemical composition of limestones and their potential use as an industrial material. This is done using cartographic, stratigraphic and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence) techniques compared to the guidelines of Colombian Technical Standard (NTC) 5163. This concluded that in the village La Tomita the limestones texturally correspond to mudstone, wackestone and packstone according to Dunham 1962, with the presence of two species of foraminifera, Hedbergella Trocoidea Longoria and Heterohelix Moremani Cushman, that allow to establish a relative age of the Aptian to the Albiano; limestones are generally made up of SiO2 in 5.30%wt; P2O5 at 2.97%wt and CaO at 70.88%wt.; MgO at 0.98%wt, Al2O3 at 1.15%wt, SO3 at 1.98%wt, K2O with 0.35%wt, Cl with 0.19%wt, Fe with 0.29%wt, Sr with 0.24%wt.; Te with 0.01ppm, Cs with 0.016ppm, Ba with 0.03ppm, V with 0.018ppm and Ti with 0.038ppm%); and its primary utility is for the manufacture of cement and lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Limestone rock has long been of great importance economics for society, due to its physicochemical characteristics that allow its use as input for the manufacture of covering, lime, cement, concrete and stuc. At the municipality of Manaure-Cesar, La Tomita sector outcrop limestones interspersed with shales, corresponding to the Lagunita Formation of the Cogollo Group. This research has as its main objective to know the geographical distribution of the Lagunita Formation, the chemical composition of limestones and their potential use as an industrial material. This is done using cartographic, stratigraphic and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence) techniques compared to the guidelines of Colombian Technical Standard (NTC) 5163. This concluded that in the village La Tomita the limestones texturally correspond to mudstone, wackestone and packstone according to Dunham 1962, with the presence of two species of foraminifera, Hedbergella Trocoidea Longoria and Heterohelix Moremani Cushman, that allow to establish a relative age of the Aptian to the Albiano; limestones are generally made up of SiO2 in 5.30%wt; P2O5 at 2.97%wt and CaO at 70.88%wt.; MgO at 0.98%wt, Al2O3 at 1.15%wt, SO3 at 1.98%wt, K2O with 0.35%wt, Cl with 0.19%wt, Fe with 0.29%wt, Sr with 0.24%wt.; Te with 0.01ppm, Cs with 0.016ppm, Ba with 0.03ppm, V with 0.018ppm and Ti with 0.038ppm%); and its primary utility is for the manufacture of cement and lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coahuila Block has marine and continental rocks from the Paleozoic to the Recent, which outcrop in a vast region of northeastern Mexico. This work provides surface and subsurface data from confirm the presence of Nazas arc on this block. Stratigraphic sections describ the transgressive process of marine flooding on this block during the Aptian and a thick deposit of limestone, dolostone and evaporitic during the Albian and lower Cenomanian. The stratigraphic succession from the Upper Cretaceous is composed of the gradual passage among the Indidura, Parras, Cerro del Pueblo and the Cerro Huerta formations and the Soledad beds, all of them as foreland facies, with ~1000 m thickness, these rocks show a stratigraphic condensation on this block compared to similar stratigraphic successions in neighboring the Sabinas, Central Mexico and Chihuahua basins, which has thickness than more 2000 m same age rocks. In this work structural data are confronted with previous ideas that considered a soft deformation affected by normal-type faults. In the Coahuila Block three structural styles are distinguished: one of them closely related to broad curvature folds, other style composes by narrow and long folds with reverse faults, this style is restricted at the austral border of the Coahuila Block, which are tectonically cover for the Parras nappe, this nappe covers pre-Aptian marginal sedimentary facies of this block, both structural groups are closely related to the orientation of the structures of the phase that deformed the mexican Orogen. The third style is composed by acute folds with a stepped geometry and associated by structural complexes with roughly oriented north-south axes, with opposite vergences and diverse faults. This last structural style has not a defined extension or shortening component and their deformation possibly is post-shortening to the deformation of the mexican Orogen. The data presented define the southwestern geographical border of the Coahuila Block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siho is an archaeological site located in the Northern Maya Lowlands, where a number of grinding tools have been documented, mostly metates made with local limestone that has petrological characteristics (physical and chemical) which may indicate a particular geological origin. The statistical treatment of data extracted by X-ray fluorescence allows us to discern limestone materials from different geological formations, based on the quantity of silicon (Si) and/or calcium (Ca) in the sample. This data shows a link between the limestone of the Sihó metates and the rocks from the geological formation known as Carrillo Puerto located in the Yucatan peninsula. Furthermore, the comparison by mean thin sections between geological and archaeological materials has been useful to characterise and identify lithic materials used to fabricate the metates. The complementarity between both archaeometrical techniques, together with ethnographic, historical and archaeological documentation, provide us with information that suggests an immediate exploitation of the limestone rocks used to make the metates and brings us closer to a better understanding of the quarrying strategies practiced by the ancient Mayans of Sihó. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Limestone rock has been used since ancient times for different purposes due to its economic importance and physicochemical characteristics that allow its use as an input in the construction's industry, agrochemicals, smelting, glass and chemicals. In the Coohornical Mining Center Quarry, municipality of Distracción-La Guajira, limestones intercalated with shales outcrop, corresponding to the Lagunitas Formation of the Cogollo Group. The objectives of this research are to determine the geographic distribution of CaCO3 and MgCO3 concentrations in the Lagunitas Formation, to establish chemical characteristics and to classify petrographically by means of cartographic, stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical techniques (X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction). This led to conclude that, in the Coohornical Mining Center Quarry, limestones texturally correspond to mudstone and packstone, with presence of fossils such as bivalves, ostracods and gastropods, medium and fine sand size clastic grains, among the non-skeletal allochemicals there are peloids surrounded by a micrite matrix joined by discontinuous cement and intraparticular porosity; The geochemical results allowed identifying that the limestones are constituted by CaCO3 with a range 88.98%wt - 99. 13%wt, CaO with a range of 46.81%wt - 53.12%wt, P.P.C. 39.08%wt - 43.71%wt, SiO2 in a range of 0.41%wt - 0.83%wt, being the areas with the highest concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) located in the northern part of the quarry and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in the extreme southeast and center; compared with the guidelines of the Colombian Technical Standard (NTC) 5163, it was stipulated that its primary use is for the manufacture of cement and lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cataloguing and characterization of the Paleontological heritage of Majorca island contribute to unpublished stratigraphical record are useful to interpret and to order the post orogenic miocene registry. The documented serravallian record (continental and lagoon) is considered not being implied in the Alpine structure of the island (post tectonic record). A late Tortonian marine transgression (Neogloboquadrina acostaensis entry. TI Synthem) is registred on surface with conglomerates with Crasostrea sp. and limestone with Heterostegina sp according localization respect emerged relief. After stratigraphic unconfformity a new coastal tortonian marine cycle (TII Synthem) is documented. These new littoral sedimentation comprise marls and oyster, limestone with Borelis melo and Carbonate-Arrecifal Complex according emerged relief. The end of Tortonian periode (Tortonian/Messinian global climatic cooling) it manifested with a restricted lagoon record and erosive surface. The resulting paleoenvironmental diversity reinforces the stratigraphic ordering, signifying two restricted records (Serravallian, end Tortonian) followed by respective marine cycles (Tortonian. Messinian) and infralittoral tortonian Synthems (Tortonian I and Tortonian II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the relationship between the architectural renovation plans by the Popes and the outbreak of religious protest and the Reformation. It describes the personality of Ignatius of Loyola, very typical of his birthplace, and how it inspired the features of the religious order which he founded, as well as the influence that Ignatian spirit had on the Mannerist and Baroque architecture of sixteenth-century Rome. With the pastoral success of the Society having been consolidated, the paper explains how its superior generals decided to build a commemorative building in Loyola designed by an Italian who had never set foot in the town, and the difficulties later experienced by the local masters in interpreting and materialising the plan, whose laborious funding coincided with times of bankruptcy for the promoting entity, the Spanish Crown. It ends by considering the relations of the reverend fathers with the province and the vicissitudes of their hazardous and fluctuating presence in it, to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open pit mining leads to impacts on ecosystems and their biotic, abiotic and social components, leaving semi-arid areas for prolonged periods of time. This study carried out an inventory in order to understand the diversity and richness of birds at three sites: Belencito, Chámeza and Malsitio (Boyacá, Colombia), where open-pit mining is practiced in order to extract limestone. The samples were obtained from September 2018 to January 2019, and in each location an area of 1000 m2 and nine observation points with a distance of 500 m between each point were established. 50 species of birds were identified, including some migratory and endemic species. In Belencito the highest alpha diversity was recorded (q0 = 42 and q1 = 26.6 species), while in Chámeza the lowest diversity was recorded (q0 = 17 and q1 = 11.87 species). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limestone rock has long been of great importance economics for society, due to its physicochemical characteristics that allow its use as input for the manufacture of covering, lime, cement, concrete and stuc. At the municipality of Manaure-Cesar, La Tomita sector outcrop limestones interspersed with shales, corresponding to the Lagunita Formation of the Cogollo Group. This research has as its main objective to know the geographical distribution of the Lagunita Formation, the chemical composition of limestones and their potential use as an industrial material. This is done using cartographic, stratigraphic and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence) techniques compared to the guidelines of Colombian Technical Standard (NTC) 5163. This concluded that in the village La Tomita the limestones texturally correspond to mudstone, wackestone and packstone according to Dunham 1962, with the presence of two species of foraminifera, Hedbergella Trocoidea Longoria and Heterohelix Moremani Cushman, that allow to establish a relative age of the Aptian to the Albiano; limestones are generally made up of SiO2 in 5.30%wt; P2O5 at 2.97%wt and CaO at 70.88%wt.; MgO at 0.98%wt, Al2O3 at 1.15%wt, SO3 at 1.98%wt, K2O with 0.35%wt, Cl with 0.19%wt, Fe with 0.29%wt, Sr with 0.24%wt.; Te with 0.01ppm, Cs with 0.016ppm, Ba with 0.03ppm, V with 0.018ppm and Ti with 0.038ppm%); and its primary utility is for the manufacture of cement and lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memorias is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the main problems in mining areas is the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD), which has a negative impact on the environment and human health due to the high concentrations of potentially toxic elements. Several treatments exist that use different types of rocks and processes for the control of acid drainage; among them, limestone is an excellent neutralizer. Another neutralizer is carbonate with pedogenic origin; however, there are no studies evaluating its usefulness. The present work aims to evaluate experimentally the capacity of a carbonate pedosediment and a limestone to neutralize and retain the potentially toxic elements (PTE) of acid drainage from an abandoned mine. The study involved a chemical, mineralogical, geochemical, and micromorphological characterization of the two materials formed from calcium carbonates with different origin (pedosediment and limestone), with the aim of conducting batch treatment tests using pedosediment and AMD with ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:20 (solidg: liquidmL), limestone and AMD with the same ratios. The pH and electrical conductivity of the drainage were measured at the first hour and then every 24 hours until stabilization, which occurred at 259 hours with each neutralizer. The final pH values in both experiments changed from acid to neutral. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity was lower in treatments with limestone than in the pedosediment, especially in the ratio of 1:2.5, possibly associated with a higher salt content. Additionally, the chemical results in the AMD after the tests indicates a high retention of Cu, Fe, Ni, Al and Cd in the limestone and pedosediment relation 1:2.5. Zn retention was achieved up to concentrations below the maximum permissible limits. In contrast, in all treatments Mn is released from the solid phase, with a higher concentration in the limestone. The pedosediment is considered efficient in the neutralization and precipitation of the PTE. Results were better with the ratio 1:20, because 1:2.5 had higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl- that can be a problem of salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The San Marcos fault (SMF) cuts across Coahuila state along a NW-SE trend. This long-lived structure is part of a Middle Jurassic normal fault system, with a Late Jurassic reactivation, which constrained the deposition of Early Cretaceous red beds and carbonate deposits and was reactivated as reverse fault during Paleogene. The SMF coincides with the northwestern boundary of the Coahuila platform, with its best exposure at Las Palomas village. The Cupido Formation thrust over pelagic limestone, in a locality which was studied in detail and informally referred as Cerro La Bruja beds (CCLB). This unit correlates with the Eagle Ford Formation (EFF) in the Sabinas Basin to the north and with the Indidura Formation in the Parras Basin, to the south, all of Turonian age. The CCLB are involved in kilometer scale folding in both basins. However, these rocks are sub-horizontal in the Coahuila platform, where they were shortened only 400 m in the closest position to the SMF, showing chevron folds within a deformation wedge limited by a basal fault separating folded rocks from unfolded rocks underneath. Near the fault plane and along the thicker portion of the wedge, folds are tighter compared to the furthermost portion. Based on a detailed fold shortening analysis in the CCLB, a horizontal shortening of about 500 meters was estimated for these beds. If we assume that only one folding generation is present in the CCLB and that this shortening event was the result of the SMF activity, we propose a new method to estimate the minimum displacement on the frontal fault, which considers folds of CCLB and the fault plane inclination. A minimum displacement of 1300 m is calculated along the fault plane, showing consistency with estimations of at least 3000 m suggested by previous authors for the entire fault system. Fault displacement estimates have always been a challenge in structural analysis, and that is the reason why we consider that our new method has potential to become a valuable tool in fault kinematic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sections studied in the Sierra Banco de Lucero in Chihuahua and Sierra Las Azules in Sonora, are mainly made of micritic limestone and sandy limestone, with some intervals of interbedded shales. Both sections have very similar faunal associations. Both sections display some environmental differences resulting from fluctuation of the sea level, the direct lateral continuity of the two successions remains unresolved, these variations are reflected in the microfacies and also in minor differences in taxonomic diversity of microfossils. The microfacies shows that, the dominant environments in both sections range from pelagic open ocean, to slope and to basin, upper platform and lagoonal environments were identified only in the upper part of the Chihuahua succession. However, the Sierra Las Azules succession, represents deeper conditions with respect to the Banco de Lucero section. Both successions represent the interval comprised between the upper Aptian and the lower Albian, however, they are slightly diacronous; it is likely that the section in Sonora is slightly older than the Banco de Lucero section. Our field and lab data demonstrate the lithostratigraphic and chonostratigraphic affinities between both successions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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As part of the relics that possess different nations there is the built heritage that has significant historical, cultural and social values. Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries were built in the historic center of the city of Havana, many important buildings with stone materials originating in the Island. These buildings have undergone a process of deterioration over time by the action of different agents, chemical, physical, biological and environmental accelerated today by pollution from human activities. In the Faculty San Geronimo de La Habana is formed the Bachelor in Preservation and Management of the Historical and Cultural Heritage, with knowledge, skill and values necessaries for the preservation and management of historical and cultural heritage. Within the discipline The Heritage and its Conservation of the study plan of the career, the students obtain knowledge that integrates the cultural, artistic and historic fundamentals of built (and not built) heritage with basic concepts of experimental sciences, Chemistry among them. In the paper a case study is presented: the Convent and Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi to illustrate the importance of knowledge in chemistry of these professionals in the interpretation of phenomena of degradation and in recommending actions of conservation of stone materials used in the construction of the old buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to characterize the marmored limestone of Bottichino I deposit from the geomechanical point of view in order to update the parameters of the exploitation system. The parameters of the geomechanical classification of Bieniawski (1979) were determined as well as the cracking characteristics, obtained from the geological field survey and processed with the DIP V.5 software. Subsequently, the topographic updating of the deposit was modeled and the spatial representation of the main cracking systems in the three exploitation fronts was made, using the GEMCOM 6.5 software. As a result, the 3D spatial representation of marmored limestone blocks and the main directions of the cracks was obtained, identifying 3 families of predominant cracks, with natural block sizes from medium to large; the rock mass classified as good quality. Advancing directions of the mining front were defined by the determined geomechanical parameters and the recovery of monoliths was also bettered up when having a greater knowledge of the solid structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ingeniare is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work was developed in sugarcane areas of cuban vertisols of the north coast of the province of Villa Clara municipality of Sagua la Grande, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of phosphate limestone and their combinations with fertilizers and organic manure on the structure and quality of vertisols under sugarcane cultivation. An experiment with phosphate limestone levels and combinations with organic manure (compost, filter cake) and fertilizers (NPK) was carried out on a wasstrip-block design. A soil analysis was performed at the depth of 0-20 and 20 -40 cm 36 months after the application of treatments. Organic matter, stable aggregates, factor structure, permeability, T value, exchangeable cations, index soil quality and productivity of sugarcane were evaluated. Phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures manifested significant effects on soil structure both in the surface layer and subsurface with residual impact over time to 36 months. The results show the close relationship between phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures on soil quality index additive, yield of sugarcane and economic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay materials from two outcrops of the Moa region were analyzed to determine their potential use as supplementary cementitious material in the production of ternary cements based on limestone-calcined clay. The clays were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (EAA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (ATG). These methods revealed high aluminum in clays, moderate kaolinite content, a disordered structure and the presence of impurities. The solubility of aluminum and silicon in alkali and the compressive strength of LC3 systems is proportional to their content in clay, being higher for the one with higher kaolinite content and greater structural disorder (outcrop D1), although the clay of both outcrops may constitute supplementary cementitious materials in the production of ternary cements based clinker-calcined clay-limestone. The suitable thermal activation range for both clays is between 650 ° C and 850 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approximately 600 m interval of Cambrian strata is exposed near the town of San José de Gracia, Sonora, Mexico. This succession is divided into four formations, one of which is proposed here as a new formal stratigraphic unit: El Gavilán Formation, following the rules of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature. The new nomenclature reflects substantial lithologic differences, particularly in the middle Cambrian strata in comparison with other Cambrian rocks exposed in other parts of the state. The Proveedora Formation consists of bioturbated, fine-grained quartz arenite with ichnofossils; the Buelna Formation consists of interbedded limestone and sandstone, with abundant trilobites of either the ?Bristolia mohavensis or ?Bristolia insolens Zone (Series 2?, Stage 4?); the Cerro Prieto Formation is a highly recrystallized oolitic limestone with fragments of ?Amecephalus arrojosensis at the base, suggesting the A. arrojosensis Biozone (Series 2?; Stage 4?); and the El Gavilán Formation consists of interbedded limestone and intensely fractured red shale, with abundant fauna of the upper part of the Mexicella mexicana Zone, Albertella highlandensis Subzone, Ptychagnostus praecurrens Zone (open shelf) (Series 3?, Stage 5?). The Cambrian rocks of Sonora were deposited in the occidental part of the North American craton during the early and middle Cambrian, when Laurentia must have been constituted by terrestrial masses near the paleoequator, aligned in an east–west direction, providing the right conditions for an abundant invertebrate marine fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unknown whether pH and cation exchange capacity protocols currently used are also suitable for monitoring limed soil acidity evolution. The objectives of this study were to analyze the diagnostic performance over time of current and potential pH tested in two acid soils of the Buenos Aires province, treated with different doses of basic amendments, using two dilutions and two cation exchange capacity and exchangeable bases protocols. The experimental units were 750 g pots maintained at 80-90% of soil field capacity; the incubation time was of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The corrector applications were equivalent to 0,750, 1.500 and 2.000 kg ha-1 of CaCO3 and CaCO3-MgCO3 respectively. Current and potencial pH were determined potentiometrically in a 1:2,5 water and 1:1 KCl relation respectively. Also cationic exchange capacity (CEC) with 1M NH4 acetate pH 7 as extractant and cationic exchange capacity not buffered (CICnb) with 0.2 M NH4Cl extractant at soil's pH were determined. The four protocols used to evaluate the pH were highly associated. The four pH measures were able to discriminate liming rates although the current pH 1:2,5 presented the greatest differences. However, actual pH measurements were more volatile than the potential pH, at any dilution. The results indicate that 6-month anticipation liming may be sufficient for sensitive crops in soils with similar pH to those studied here. None of the determination methods for the cation exchange capacity and the saturation of the bases resulted in a size increase before liming or to discriminate the effect of each rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a prototype waste heat boiler packed bed of limestone and coke, which simulates the capture of flue gases from the chimney of a vertical furnace for calcination of limestone and lime gain was designed. The use of these gases is intended to preheat a new limestone and coke material. These gases are usually driven environment with temperatures above 545 ° C. The recovery consists of two stainless steel tubes, one fixed and one mobile, the mobile is the recovery tube as such, the fixed tube serves to support the recovery (mobile tube) having an inner diameter of 0.096 m and a height of 0.25 m, the gas used is air represented by the fan RPM. The packed bed is limestone and coke in sizes of 1 and 1.5 cm, the temperature is the variable of interest was recorded using 4 thermocouples located at 4 different heights inside the boiler (1, 7, 13 and 19 cm) Data were entered into arrays in Excel 2010 Advanced Function of multiple linear regression. Excel identified two equations predicting the behavior of the temperature of the limestone and coke. It was found that the heat recovery is 43% limestone and coke is 53% in a time of one hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual del ambiente de las costas de Cuba. Los autores comentan sobre el impacto ambiental de las estructuras de hormigón armado en estas regiones. También se considera la relación de los áridos calizos en la durabilidad del hormigón armado.

On the hill in the municipality of La Paz, César, outcrop stratigraphic sequences of sedimentary carbonate rocks interbedded with thin shales and calcite veinlets belonging to the Cogollo group. In order to know the mineralogical composition of the outcropping limestone, paleoenvironmental conditions and industrial use, we proceeded to a study of surface geology, consisting of lithostratigraphic description of the exposed rocks, apiques and sampling site in a total of 6 samples (LP-1 LP-2 LP- 3 LP-4 LP-5, LP-6) along the hill, which were taken 4 to go forward for studies, two of this 4 sample were selected for petrographic analysis practiced in laboratories petrographic analysis and the remaining two for X-ray diffraction. The results of the studies allowed to establish that the hill were formed from two marine environments, one neritic and the other bathyal, thus giving rise to biomicriticas limestone, micritic and dismicritas quantitatively and qualitatively are composed of 95% calcium carbonate, silica 0.6% amorphous and others 4.40%. The NTC 5163 (ICONTEC) translation rules to the standard ASTM C 51-02 and NTC 4915 (ICONTEC) equivalent to reference ASTM C 911-99, these limestones are suitable for the manufacture of cement and stone aggregate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Agave gracielae sp. nov. from the states of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí is described. This species has characteristics that include it in the Striatae Baker group. Within this group it is related to A. dasylirioides Jacobi & Bouché, A. petrophila García-Mendoza & E. Martínez and A. rzedowskiana P. Carrillo, Vega & R. Delgad. The species is found on limestone rocky outcrops in oak-pine wood or montane rain forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, two large sedimentary basins in northeastern Mexico, the Sabinas basin and the Monterrey through, accumulated thick clastic sequences. Two examples of these clastic sequences are the Patula Arkose (Early Cretaceous) and La Casita Formation (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous), which were petrographically and statistically analyzed in this study. The Patula Arkose, a feldsphatic arenite (Q54F38L8,-with a confidence level of the 99 %), was deposited into continental blocks with trends to continental transition (Qm54F41L5, 99 % of the confidence level).The petrographic characteristics and the mineralogical relationships suggest that the source rocks of the Patula Arkose were mainly low-grade metamorphic rocks (pelitic or psammitic schists), granite or granodiorite, limestone and sandstone. La Casita Fomation is composed of lithic arenite and feldesphatic arenite (Q52F27L21, with a confidence level of the 99 %) deposited in a dissected arc or a continental transition area (Qm52F64L14, with a confidence level of the 99 %). The sandstone petrography of La Casita Formation in the Monterrey trough shows a very complex provenance that implicates medium to high grade metamorphic rocks, andesite, rhyolite, limestone, sandstone, and shale sources. A multivariate statistical analysis of the main components, and the application of binary diagrams of petrographic index with additive and centered logratio transformation (alr and clr) confirmed the source rocks composition, suggesting that: i) the Patula Arkose is richer in low-grade metamorphic fragments, which are probably related with the Ouachita Mountains with 99 % of confidence level, and with granitic or granodioritic rocks of Permian-Triassic age; ii) La Casita Formation has affinity with the Paleozoic Las Delicias volcanic arc, Permian-Triassic and Early Jurassic arcs, and with medium to high grade metamorphic rocks that were possibly part of the Novillo Complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose formally the Chivillas Formation, as a key litostratigraphic unit to decrypt the sedimentary record of Cuicateca basin. Its type locality is along Barranca Las Salinas creek northeastern ward Tehuacán, Pue., where the rocks are virtually without deformation. Chivillas Formation consists of basaltic flows frequently with pillow structure and siliciclastic deposits of turbidite currents and debris flows, on a very thick volcanosedimentary succession cut by dikes of similar composition. Estimate a total thickness of more than 4,875 m. Chivillas Formation is assigned at Barremian based on the maximum age of detrital zircon within sandstones, this age is consistent with previously reported fossil content. We recognized 16 facies into five classes: conglomeratic, sandy, fine, calcareous and igneous, which are grouped as eight facies associations: A) Medium-grained turbidites, B) Coarse-grained turbidites, C) Fine-grained turbidites, D) Structureless sandstones; E) Debrites clast supported, F) Debrites matrix supported; G) Synsedimentary disharmonic folds and H) Lavas and pillow lavas. From the recognized facies associations, we interpreted an environment of submarine fan deposit. The volcanic rocks of Chivillas Formation are alkaline mafic to intermediate, geochemical affinity MORB or OIB, with common lead isotopic values similar to values of enriched mantle, the isotopic signature Pb/Pb of lavas suggests a source from lower crust. The sandstones studied are graywackes composed mainly of monocrystalline quartz, mylonitic polycrystalline quartz, mosaic polycrystalline quartz, perthitic microcline, and some plagioclase; very abundant siltstone and limestone lithics, and fewer volcanic and metamorphic lithics, similar to granite or granulite gneiss; the clasts are angular to subrounded. The clasts into conglomerates are of limestone, sandstone (cross-stratified) and gneiss. These lithologies are typical of the Sierra de Juárez mylonitic Complex and Oaxaca Complex, and its sedimentary cover. Only few volcanic lithic in sandstones and some levels with pyroclastic falls were observed. The sandstones have their source on continental blocks, specifically from inner craton or uplifted basement, so we can assume that came from Oaxaquia. The presence of Pan-African-Brazilian zircons indicates a source from Gondwana; probably, they were transported by complex river systems within an advanced step on the rifting process of Gulf of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate soil liming and the potential of inoculation of a multistrain with propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the development and accumulation of P. halepensis Mill phosphorus, grown in an Andisol, it was evaluated, in a greenhouse, the application of lime to raise the soil pH from 5,3 to 5,5; 6,0 and 6,5; with and without the addition of mycorrhizae. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and the soil liming to pH of 6,0 to 6,5; led to a further development of seedling, measured in dry aerial weight, stem diameter, height, and root volume, as well as phosphorus accumulation by plants, compared with the control (with no agricultural liming and without inoculation with AMF). Liming stimulated the percentage of colonization, regardless inoculation with AMF. The field validation of the liming treatment to pH 6,5 and AMF inoculation promoted 95% survival of trees with an average increase in height and stem diameter of 22,1 cm and 5 cm, respectively, during an evaluation period of five months. The greenhouse and field results suggest the benefits of liming and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal as effective practices for the commercial establishment of P. halepensis in Andisols in the state of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work presents an evaluation of the effects of increasing limestone additions in obtaining a manganese flux on the composition of the weld metal deposited by submerged arc welding. The limestone was added maintaining the MnO/SiO ratio of the flux oxide system constant. As a result of an increase in basicity the thermodynamic activity of the MnO increased while that of the SiO2 decreased, contributing to the transfer of Mn to the deposited metal and reducing the transfer of silicon, sulphur, phosphorus and carbon remain basically invariable. With this, it is possible to use a wire with low manganese content during submerged arc welding of low alloy steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the analyses performed on the decorative cornice limestone of building 5N2 in group A at Río Bec are presented, with the finality of determining the causes, mechanisms and effects that weathering promotes. These processes haven't been well studied for the southeast of Campeche, the region in which the archeological zone of Río Bec is located. Knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary for the subsequent conservation of the prehispanic buildings of the region. The stones of the cornice presented different conservation states; therefore, samples were taken from each of the disintegration states identified in field. These samples were studied in thin section, and by scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction. The results show many weathering features due to chemical processes; among the most notorious is the transformation of micrite to acicular crystals. These effects are similar to those that take place in edaphologic contexts that present calcium carbonates associated with water, decaying organic matter, fungus and roots. The composition of the rocks in conjunction with the archeological context and other environmental factors determined the different states of disaggregation found in the limestone of the cornice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of MedULA is the property of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work has as objective the evaluation and selection of indicators of quality of soils in representative areas the Central's Region of Cuba. Alitic and Ferralitic soils (Acrisol, Lixisol) of Topes de Collantes, Cambisol éutrico and Cambisol ócrico of the Municipality of Santa Clara and Manicaragua were included respectively, the soils, Ferralsol ródico of the Municipality of Remedios, Sagua la Grande, Santo Domingo and Corralillo, Hydromorfic soils from Sagua la Grande. (Gleysol mólico, Gleysol vértico) The degradation of soils is the principal problem from the impact to the environment, which are evident in the Region in study. Some carried out studies showed that for the control of these processes it is required of the selection of indicators of quality. In the evaluation of the soil quality it should be considered the integration of physical, chemical and biological variables. The analyzed database contains studies in experimental conditions of field and production, as well as the long term control and its relationship with the yield of the cultivations. The methodology applied permitted the selection of quality indicators with respect to the soil type and environmental factors of the region. The soil quality evaluation can be expressed through indicators and the soil quality diagram, and under the study conditions alternative soil amendments can be proponed to improve soil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heliopsis suffruticosa is described from the Sierra de Sombrerete, in western Zacatecas, Mexico, growing in pinyon woodland on limestone. It differs from other species in the genus in having suffruticose habit, narrowly lanceolate to linear leaves with entire to sparsely serrulated margin, and peduncles gradually enlarged towards the apex, a combination of characters shared with some species of Zinnia. A key to distinguish among the Mexican species of perennial Heliopsis is presented. As other Heliopsis species, H. suffruticosa roots contain alkamides, in this case five diacetylenic conjugated next to a group methyl in the omega position, isobutyl alkamides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]