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Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Composting is the process of decomposition of organic solid waste by mixed populations of microorganisms under controlled conditions. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the addition of efficient microorganisms in different doses and the dynamics of their physical and chemical properties during the whole composting process. Four treatments T1 (0L EM/5L H2O), T2 (0.1L EM/5L H2O), T3 (0.5L EM/5L H2O), T4 (1L EM/5L H2O) with 110 days duration were evaluated. The results showed that the temperature control shows that the treatment with the highest dose of efficient microorganisms remained longer in the thermophilic phase, unlike the control treatment (T1), therefore a greater sanitization. As for pH, the treatments started with a slightly acid pH and later increased to 9-10 and then decreased to values of 9-8 in the treatments T2, T3 and T4. For EC, treatments T1, T2 and T3 presented values higher than 5.00 dS m-1, however, treatment T4 presented values of 4.78 dS m-1, which would be within the acceptable range according to different regulations. As for total organic carbon (TOC), a higher percentage of mineralization is evidenced in treatment T4 and a lower percentage in T1 with respect to initial carbon. In the case of total nitrogen, there is evidence of an increase in treatments T2, T3 and T4 with microbial inoculant over the control treatment, attributing this to the nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in the efficient microorganisms. Finally, it can be evidenced that CO2 emissions are an important parameter to identify the biological activity and stability of the compost, as well as the CO2 emissions produced by the transformation of TOC is directly proportional to the temperature. This shows that the incorporation of efficient microorganisms benefits the composting processes causing higher biological activity as a consequence; increase of temperature for an adequate sanitization, an increase of the TOC mineralization percentage, improvement of pH and conductivity conditions, an increase of the total nitrogen percentage and the stability of the final compost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The production of biofertilizer from biodigester effluents contributes to the change of approach in agro-productive systems, in function of the necessary energetic, ecological and circularity transition in the agricultural sector. The digestate obtained from biodigester effluents constitutes a biofertilizer with high nutritional value. On the other hand, the application of efficient microorganisms has been effective in the morphophysiological response of several crops. The combined use of both bioproducts and their effect on germination under salinity conditions has been little reported. Objective: To evaluate the effect of digestate alone and combined with efficient microorganisms on the morphophysiological response of the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa) in soils with and without salinity. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized experimental design (Statgraphics Centurion XVIII Software) was used, with three repetitions per treatment, in floating trays and in the field, with two lettuce varieties (Riza 15 and Fomento 95), using digestate and the commercial bioproduct Efficient Microorganisms. Results and Discussion: The application of digestate on the Fomento 95 variety allowed 80 % germination. A significantly positive effect of the digestate, alone and combined with efficient microorganisms, was obtained, reflected in the net assimilation rate, in soils with and without salinity. It presupposes the biostimulation of the response of cultivars under salinity conditions. Conclusions: The results suggest that both bioproducts can be used as biostimulants, as they promote the growth and development of plants such as lettuce in soils with and without salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente is the property of Revista Cientifica Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente, ASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion y Amazonia is the property of Investigacion y Amazonia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion y Amazonia is the property of Investigacion y Amazonia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Constructed wetlands are simple, affordable, and efficient “green” technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater that, compared to conventional systems, offer an environmentally friendly approach, have low costs, and high potential for application preferably in developing countries. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow wetlands bioactivated with efficient microorganisms in the removal of organic matter and other contaminants present in wastewater from the Chichí Padrón slaughterhouse. Materials and Methods: Four wetland systems were constructed, planted with Cyperus Alternifolius, using combinations of brown soil, limestone gravel, zeolite, and river sand as substrates. A 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time, activation with microorganisms, and the type on pollutant removal efficiency. Results and Discussion: The waste from the production process were characterized, and the historical values of the last decade were studied. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved in the bioactivated S2 systems, for 96 hours, i.e. 96% for COD, 96.4% for BOD5, and 94% for fats and oils. Mathematical models describing the variable input-response variable relationship were also obtained, with high correlation coefficients (0.95-0.99). Conclusions: The use of subsurface flow wetland systems can be considered an efficient method for the treatment of wastewater generated in slaughterhouses, achieving high levels of pollutant removal and effluents compatible with the Cuban environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the uses of the so-called effective microorganisms (EM) is that of improving the nutritional status of cultivable soils. Therefore, in this study, the effect of ME in soil samples inoculated with ME grown in liquid medium (anaerobic ME) and in compost (aerobic ME) was evaluated. For the analysis of the percentage compositions of the chemical elements, morphology, and size of the particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) detector was used. Solanum lycopersicum seeds in soil samples with the 20% aerobic ME treatment (aem20%) presented the highest percentages of seed germination and the plants the longest lengths. These soil samples and that of a control soil were used for the SEM evaluations with EDX. The texture in these same samples was determined by the Pipette method. The percentage of carbon was higher and that of oxygen was lower in the soil aem20%, possibly influenced by microbial processes that require high levels of oxygen for their reproduction and biomass growth, increasing organic carbon levels. The analyzes by means of SEM with EDX confirmed the effect of the ME in the soil, in terms of texture and content of chemical elements. These results show that more studies at micrometric scales are required to evaluate the interactions of the soil-microorganism system and thus understand their effect on the biochemical and biophysical processes that occur in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the effect of incorporating efficient microorganisms (ME-AgroAmbiental) to the diet of pre-fattening (Yorkshire x Landrace) pigs on bioproductive indicators. Two hundred and seventy animals with an average age of 33 days were used. They were divided into three groups of 45 animals each. Each group had two replicates.Group 1 was used as a negative control, whereas groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with ME-AgroAmbiental six times a day for seven weeks, at concentrations of 5 and 10 %, respectively. Epidemiological indicators such as morbidity, mortality and recovery rate were calculated for gastrointestinal disorders during this stage. Furthermore, weight gain was recorded on a weekly basis and an economic balance was made between the cost of efficient microorganisms and the market price of the pigs. No differences were detected with respect to epidemiological indicators among the groups. By supplementing at 10 %, an average final weight of 27.73±0.945 kg and an average daily gain of 418.83 g/day were recorded, 15 % more than in the other groups (with significant statistical differences). Additionally, a profit of 55424.04 Cuban pesos was obtained. It is concluded that the inclusion of 10 % ME-AgroAmbiental in the diet of pre-fattening Yorkshire pigs does not prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders, but positively influences weight gaining indicators in a cost-effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La siembra del cultivo del tomate a través de posturas inoculadas constituye una alternativa ecológicamente aceptable que garantiza mayor crecimiento y reduce insumos externos. Con el propósito de incrementar el crecimiento y desarrollo de tomate, se realizó un estudio en un semillero tradicional con el objetivo de evaluar las diluciones más efectivas en el crecimiento de las plantas de tomate previamente embebidas las semillas en el inóculo microbiano (IM). Este experimento se condujo bajo un Diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Los datos fueron procesados a través del programa Statgraphics Centurión (versión 15.1). La imbibición de las semillas de tomate durante 15 minutos en 5, 10 y 15 mL L-1 del IM no provocó diferencias estadísticas entre ellas; existiendo una similitud expresada en los distintos momentos evaluados y para todas las variables en estudio, estimulando la altura de la planta, la longitud radical, el número de hojas, el diámetro del tallo y la masa foliar y radical. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación se demostró el efecto de las diluciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de tomate. No obstante, aun cuando las tres diluciones alcanzaron los mayores valores, para producir plantas en menor tiempo y con la calidad necesaria; la imbibición en 5 y 10 mL L-1 constituyó una alternativa que representa un ahorro en la cantidad del bioproducto a utilizar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out in a nursery at the Jibacoa Agro-Forestry Experimental Station. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the IHPLUS® bioproduct on seed germination and the development of coffee seedlings. A first experiment was in germinators where the viability and mean germination time of two variants were evaluated: seeds soaked for 24 hours 1- in water, 2- in IHPLUS® at 6%; In a second experiment, the development of the seedlings was studied in three treatments: 1- seeds soaked in water alone without foliar spraying of the IHPLUS® (control), 2- seeds soaked in water alone plus foliar spraying of IHPLUS®, 3- seeds soaked in IHPLUS® 6% plus foliar spraying. The viability and the mean germination time of the seeds tended to improve when they were soaked in IHPLUS® at 6%. The seeds soaked in IHPLUS® plus the foliar spraying of this bioproduct favored the best development of the seedlings with an increase in height, stem diameter, total dry mass and leaf area of 20%, 13%, 29% and 30% respectively compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ecuador, the Quininde and Puerto Quito sectors are recognized for their high production of Elaeis guineensis (African or oil palm) as a contribution to the socioeconomic development of the region. However, the soils are acidic, the climate is humid with heavy rainfalls, which causes the removal of nutrients from the soil and heavy metals, limiting the proper development of the crops in their early stages of growth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of integrated soil management on the production of Elaeis guineensis cultivation at three farms, Nueva Esperanza, El Recreo and La Comuna. Amendments were applied, 20% magnesite, 2 kg around the crown in each plant with a diameter of 1.80 m, in the root area, in addition to beneficial microorganisms Bacthon, Tricho-D and Micosplag and the total production and performance was evaluated during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, compared to the year 2013 where no type of soil fertility management was performed. The results indicated that integrated soil management was a feasible alternative to improve the yields of this important crop. By applying efficient amendments and microorganisms, the edaphic properties and therefore the production and yield of Elaeis guineensis were improved. Differences in production levels and yields at farm level were verified, resulting in El Recreo and La Comuna with higher and similar values and Nueva Esperanza with lower results, attributed to the ecological characteristics of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of autochthonous efficient microorganisms (AEM) on the cultivation of Lycopersicum esculentum Milll (tomato) variety "Río Grande". The experiment was conducted in San Gabriel, Apurímac, Peru. The factors studied were doses (12.5, 25 and 50 cc) and application frequencies (7, 14 and 21 days); a randomized complete block design was used, with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 3 + 1, with three repetitions. Plant height, number of flowers, leaf area, number of stems, root weight and yield in g/plant were evaluated. The results showed that the dose of 25 cc of AEM applied every 14 days, contributed to a higher height (39 cm), higher number of flowers (37 flowers), higher leaf area (24 cm2), higher number of stems per plant (5 stems), higher weight of the root at harvest (59.67 g) and higher yield (1713.69 g/plant). This suggests that the application of biofertilizer can be an important alternative to fertilize crops such as tomatoes, reducing the use of chemical synthesis fertilizers and increasing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: los probióticos son una opción favorable para el potenciamiento productivo animal Objetivo: evaluar ganancia de peso (GP), mortalidad (M) y cambios morfométricos en microvellosidades de intestino delgado (ID) y grueso (IG) en pollos de engorde, frente adición de probióticos en el agua. Métodos: en el Instituto universitario de la Paz, se siguió a 240 pollos de engorde de línea Cobb, en condiciones adecuadas para el crecimiento; desde el día 7 hasta el 42 se adicionó de dosis de probióticos, organizándose 4 tratamientos con 60 pollos cada uno, divididos en 3 réplicas con 20 animales; el T0 sin adición, T1: comercial recomendada, T2: recomendada doble; T3: recomendada triple. Los datos para % de M, tabulados diariamente; GP, datos de peso cada 7 días a todos los animales hasta día 42. Al final del estudio al azar 10 pollos de cada réplica sacrificados al azar por método tradicional, para el estudio histológico, siendo un total de 120 pollos por los 4 tratamientos, extrayéndose un corte de 1 cm por 1 cm, porción media de ID y una porción en la parte inicial del ciego, preservadas en formaldehido al 10 %, enviadas y procesadas en histopatología de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. La lectura de las placas se llevó a cabo con óptico micrométrico. El análisis de datos estadística paramétrica, T student, descriptiva, ANOVA y Tukey. Resultados: altura de vellosidades ID, diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) entre T0: 511,11 μm; con T1: 773,33 μm; T2: 797,33 μm y T3: 793,33 μm, ancho de vellosidades no mostró diferencias (p < 0,05); T0: 118,44 μm; T1: 109,11 μm; T2: 126,33 μm y T3: 120,11 μm. En IG, no hay diferencias (p < 0,05), T0: 122,8 μm, T1: 131,2 μm, T2: 144 μm y T3: 163,20 μm; en el ancho no hay diferencias (p < 0,05), T0: 49,00 μm, T1 46,53 μm, T2: 48,60 μm y T3: 52,20 μm. GP se observó diferencia (p > 0,05) entre T0 y T1, en el caso de T0: 1936,9 gr, T1: 2120,9, T2: 1975,6 gr y T3: 1974,6 gr. La M, los siguientes %: T0: 21,7 %; T1: 8,3 %; T2: 11,7 %; T3: 11,6 %. Conclusiones: los probióticos son una buena elección para mejorar los parámetros productivos y biológicos de los pollos de engorde generando producciones limpias cuidando el bienestar animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out at Los Valero farm, located in Cabaiguán municipality of Sancti Spíritus province, with the purpose to determine the morphophysiological and productive parameters of the pepper crop under the effect of different foliar biostimulants. A randomized block design was used with five treatments: (A) FitoMas - E, (B) Biobras - 16, (C) Efficient Microorganisms, (D) Liquid Worm Humus, (E) Control and three replicas on a Pardo Sialítico sin Carbonatos soil. The morphological variables (height of the plant, number of branches, leaf area, fresh mass and dry mass), the growth indexes (Foliar Area Index, Foliar Area Ratio, Relative Growth Rate, Absolute Growth Rate, Net Assimilation Rate) and yields. It was demonstrated that Efficient Microorganisms and FitoMas-E reached the best morphological parameters in the different variables under study. Efficient Microorganisms obtained the best physiological growth indexes surpassing FitoMas-E with a gain of 0.348 g day-1. The highest yield was obtained with the Efficient Microorganisms reaching to 21.10 t ha-1, above FitoMas-E with yields of 18. 24 t ha-1 and of the Control with yields of 8.90 t ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research was to determine the morphophysiological and productive returns, with the use of FitoMas-E® biostimulants and Efficient Microorganisms (ME) and the combination of these in the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Municipality of Fomento, Province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. An experimental block design was available randomly and with three treatments and 4 replications, the doses used in the FitoMás-E was 1 L ha-1 and in the case of (ME) it was 1.5 Lha-1, in the case of the combination FitoMás -E + (ME) was applied according to the corresponding doses of each biostimulant used and the main morphophysiological and agroproductive parameters of the crop were determined. It was found that the combination of efficient microorganisms and FitoMas-E® resulted in the treatment with the highest values achieved in the morphophysiological parameters evaluated, with Net Assimilation Rate (TAN), Relative Growth Rate (TCR) and Absolute Growth Rate (TAC).) superior to the rest of the treatments, at the same time this treatment was the highest performance achieved, at 1.39; 1.8 and 2.8 t ha-1 to the ME, FitoMas-E® and control treatments, respectively. Keywords: EFFICIENT MICROORGANISMS; PERFORMANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Efficient Microorganisms (EM) are a combination of beneficial microorganisms of natural origin that have been widely used in agriculture, in the preservation of the environment and natural resources, as probiotics and for the treatment of solid and liquid waste, with the aim of improving the production, controlling odors and processing waste in pig and cattle farms. CENPALAB has developed the capacity to obtain this natural product, so it was necessary for its registration, to carry out toxicological studies. The evaluation of acute oral toxicity was performed in female Cenp rats:SPRD and the skin sensitization test in Cenp:HARTLEY guinea pig of both sexes. The studies had a Control group and a treated group with EM (EM-AgroAmbiental). The rats were observed individually for 14 days and the body weight was determined with a weekly frequency. The guinea pig received 3 separate induction applications for 7 days and a challenge application after 14 days. All applications were made by patching for 6 hours. At 24 and 48 hours after the removal of the patches, the observation of the site was made to determine whether or not reactions occurred. All the guinea pigs were weighed weekly. Both studies concluded with a 100% survival, without detecting signs of toxicity or skin reaction (in guinea pig). Single-dose oral administration of EMs did not produce toxicity in Cenp:SPRD rats and the substance can also be considered as non-sensitizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of this work is the implementation of a natural treatment with low environmental impact. The objective was to evaluate effective microorganisms for the removal of hydrogen sulfide on activated sludges of the industrial wastewaters. For the experimental part of the research a biofilter was built with effective microorganisms, activated sludge and filter material. 21 liters of activated EM were inoculated on sludges for over 3 weeks, controlling parameters such us pH, temperature, humidity, oxygen and sunlight, guaranteeing the optimal conditions for the develop of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid and yeast. Sampling of wastewater was carried out in the closest manhole to the point of discharge of the sewage system of La Iberica and for its analysis at the biofilter output, taking a sampling with three repetitions each week, for 21 days, to know the initial, intermediate and final concentration of H2S and the removal percentage reached during the treatment. Research findings showed that the effective microorganisms increased the microbial load of the endogenous microorganisms in the sludge, obtaining a better growth of the biofilm and achieving the reduction of the H2S concentration from 3.68 mg/L to 0.45 mg/L, reaching a removal percentage of 70.35%. This work analyses that to a greater retention times, a better performance of the effective microorganisms is given. The use of effective microorganisms in the removal of H2S is profitable since the time of action is short and the costs of application are low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Efficient microorganisms have been reported as an alternative to solve hydric contamination problems, because they can use polluting compounds existing in waters as a carbon source and energy for their metabolism and growth. For that reason the present work had as objective to determine physical, chemical and microbiological changes, that take place in wastewaters after Versaklin product application (constituted by those microorganisms) in 10 points located in Güines ditch, Mayabeque, Cuba. For accomplishment of the study, after Versaklin inoculation, samplings were collected at 0 h, 24 h and 48 h. After those studies it was possible to conclude that the best removal of different parameters took place at 24 h after the Versaklin application, almost eliminating the presence of microorganisms typical of polluted waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was carried out in an organoponic belonging to the University of Matanzas. With the aim to evaluate the biochemical and productivity responses of carrot (Daucus carota L.) after the application of native microorganisms four treatments were analyzed (control, native microorganism's bio-preparations with doses of 4 mL m-2, 8 mL m-2 and 10 mL m-2, the ME were sprayed on 20, 40 and 60 days, respectively). The experimental design employed was a complete randomize block. The yield and its components as well as the biochemical parameters total soluble protein, carbohydrates and reducing sugar were measured. The obtained results suggested that the native microorganisms had a positive effect on the yield and its components in carrot plants, where 10 mL m-2 was the most effective dose, increased 0,72 kg m-2. The contents of soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugar and soluble proteins were also increased in a maxim value of 3.35 mg mL-1, 17.6 kg m-2 and 8.05 kg m-2 respectively, with the application of the studied bioproduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion y Amazonia is the property of Investigacion y Amazonia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research was done in the intensive-farming areas of the Cooperative of Credits and Services “Ramón Ruiz del Sol", in Los Arabos, Matanzas. The objective was to evaluate the application effects of effective microorganism (EM) and Trichoderma harzianum on the main growth indexes of onion seedlings (Allium cepa L.) during nursery stage. Six treatments were studied ( control, organic matter at 24 kg.m-2, T. harzianum at 30 g.m-2, Effective Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at the moment of sowing and 15 and 30 days after the germination of the seeds, organic matter at 24 kg.m-2 + T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after germination of the seeds, and T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after the germination of the seeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design. 55 days after seed germination, the height of the seedlings, number of leaves per seedlings, diameter of the false stem, root length, as well as the fresh and dry weight of the radical system and the foliate area were evaluated. The results proved that the Effective Microorganisms (EM) and T. harzianum application improved the production of quality onion seedlings. The treatment 5 (organic matter 24 kg.m-2 + T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after germination) had better results in the evaluated variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed the evaluation of different formulations of compost from crop residues of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), using four T1: 24% dolomite lime, T2: efficient microorganisms (EM), T3: The combination of EM and dolomite lime and T4: traditional composting, which served as reference for the formulas mentioned. 1m3 the composting were built in bamboo and under plastic cover emissions. Manure samples were taken at 8, 40, 48 and 56 days, which were sent to the laboratory. Data were recorded internal temperature of each battery twice a week, humidity, temperature and precipitation, additionally conducted a dump each week. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences between treatments or replicates (p> 0,05), but there are variations in the T2 values for variables such as pH, organic matter, ICC, percentages of N, P, K , Ca, Mg, in some cases with values to the NTC 5167, despite not include alternative sources of nitrogen to improve the composting process and the product that this is achieved. Simultaneously performed cost analysis for each of the formulations, where you can choose any of the fertilizers obtained for each treatment. Additionally positive correlations were found between these variables and environmental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia's coffee is characterized by its organoleptic quality, but the humid beneficiary process constitutes a problem because of the amount of water used and the pollution generated by products as solid waste and wastewater, creating ecological imbalances and health problems. This project was intended to test the effectiveness of the wastewater treated with coffee leachate from coffee pulp inoculated with efficient microorganisms (EM), used as biosupplie for the production of radish Raphanus satívus and cucumber Cucumis sativus. Some tests were carried out to evaluate the appropriate biosupplie volumetric dosage that presents the best productivity rates in radish. Five treatments with three repetitions were made. Once the ideal dosage was determined, it was compared with a synthetic chemical fertilizer in an experiment of three treatments and three repetitions in cucumber. The results show that the most suitable dosage of wastewater treated with ME as biosupplie to be used in radish and cucumber was 30 cm³ L-1; likewise, significant differences in cucumber production when compared the biosupplie with control group were found. It is expected that the use of efficient microorganisms could be an environmentally sustainable alternative for decontamination of water and improving the agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was carried out at "La Dignidad" greenhouse, in Matanzas municipality. The main goal was to assess the agrobiologic impact of Efficient Microorganism (EM) under special growing conditions. We evaluated the efficiency of two EM inoculums, prepared by two local agroecological farmers, on cabbage growing (Brassica oleraceae, L.), KKCross variety. An experimental design of at random blocks was used, with 5 treatments: control, EM preparation by farmer Omar González at 2 mL /m2 and 4 mL /m2, EM preparation by farmer Hernán Hernández at 2mL /m2 and 4 mL /m2. Inoculums dosages were sprayed 10 days after transplantation and further applications were applied at regular time (12-15 days period). All treatments based on EM, showed economic improvements comparing to the control. The dosage of 4 mL /m2 from González EM preparation showed the best result among treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]