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Objective: to evaluate the impact of a group program of nutrition education implemented by community workers on food consumption, physical activity and cardiometabolic risk. Material and methods: a randomized trial by conglomerates was performed. The intervention group (n = 246) participated in a program of nine group sessions of nutrition education delivered by community workers and focused on giving healthy habits options and evocation of motivations. The control group (n = 183) received printed information on healthy eating and physical activity. At the beginning of the study and after one year of follow-up, anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile and glucose were assessed. A questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic data, food consumption and physical activity. Results: in multilevel regression models it was observed that the intervention group reported an increase in the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes, increased body mass index and its probability of increasing recreational physical activity was higher; in addition, it reduced its consumption of sweetened cereals, and decreased the probability of hyperglycemia compared to the control group. Resting heart rate increased in both groups, but the increase was lower in the intervention group. Conclusions: nutrition education guided by community workers can have positive effects on cardiometabolic risk, so it would be an alternative to traditional education focused on providing information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualización en Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to present part of a research study carried out within the framework of a master's thesis. The aim of the master's thesis is to study the motivational orientations of high school students with mild intellectual disability (MID) towards the learning process. The work intends to test the usefulness of 'private speech' (PS) to obtain information about the motivational characteristics of the participants. In order to achieve this, the content present in the PS emissions of the participants during the resolution of tasks with different load of cognitive demand was registered, described and analyzed. During the experimental sessions, the participants' PS emissions were registered and then coded to determine three different types of PS (irrelevant for the task, relevant for the task and PS with motivational content). Then, the PS emissions with motivational content were classified into categories and subcategories (using the classification system of Montero & Huertas, 1999). Following this classification, the information was organized according to the motivational orientation they expressed; as a conclusion, motivational patterns can be described. The results reveal that PS studies are a powerful tool to understand the motivational characteristics of adolescents with MID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria De Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research reports the results of an interview applied to primary school teachers who are offering distance education in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic, the information was sent by WhatsApp to 8 teachers. For the elaboration of the instrument, the aim was to define the objective: to know the challenges that the primary level teachers of the Francisco González Bocanegra Primary School, belonging to school zone 055, located in the Mochicahui Town Community, are facing. Municipality of the Fuerte, Sinaloa, once the suspension of face-to-face activities by distance activities was declared, a semistructured interview of 11 questions was designed from the above, of which 6 are closed multiple-choice answers in which more could be selected of an alternative, as well as 5 open questions. For the preparation of the research, the responses of 8 respondents were considered, being 100% of the interviewed population. Data on sex and age are presented, how many male and female students do you have in your group; type of problems they are facing to transform your teaching activities; From his perspective, what kind of problems are your students facing to continue the distance classes; percentage of students who responded to distance activities; the type of technological resources used for distance learning activities; the technological resources that they are interested in learning to use for their distance learning activities; the type of institutional support they require to carry out classes to distance; Through which medium would they like to receive information, followed by the group serving and a proposal to the institution to support distance teaching during the contingency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research was carried out in thirteen police schools, with the purpose of analyzing the motivational factors that influence on the choice of the career as patrolman of the National Police. We worked under a mixed approach, with a methodological design of "non-experimental" type, transversal and descriptive scope, using a stratified random sample of 400 students, of both sexes, where the average age of those evaluated was 23 years old. To collect the information, it was applied a questionnaire called "Motivational Factors that influence the selection of a police career", which consists of five axes, each with five items. The internal consistency of the scale is established by Cronbach's Alpha with a value of 0.749, which validates the reliability of the questionnaire. The data are analyzed using measures of central tendency. Likewise, a semi-structured interview called "Perception of the National Police of Colombia as an employer" was applied to 20 students, in order to triangulate the quantitative data with the qualitative information, allowing to establish that the main motivational factor of the young people who decide to join as a Patrolman is: Benefits to society (M = 99. 06%) (n = 396), where the most representative items are "I know that with my profession I can contribute to others" and "I feel, I belong to this institution and I am proud of it", demonstrating that social factors are the most influential in the decision of the students to join to the police force in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mastering individual cognitive processes and using learning strategies improve the performance of higher education students. We investigate learning among university students attending to gender through an EVAAU questionnaire. This instrument, validated by expert judgment and confirmatory factor analysis, consists of 31 items. Responses are evaluated based on a Likert scale according to the degree of agreement with the statement and grouped into a 5-dimensional factor structure that affect learning outcomes of university students responsible for 67.31% of the total variance. The results reveal significant differences between genders, where the dimension Educational and learning resources has greater incompatibility of equality of means, and the Organization of time is the most valued. The findings highlight the importance of learning study techniques before pursuing a degree, and how motivational factors and teacher involvement influence academic performance. This information can contribute to teachers' planning and knowledge of university students' learning processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the main barriers or obstacles that disabled individuals overcome to achieve entrepreneurship. Methodology: We developed a case study using life experiences of three subjects who have managed to be entrepreneurs after suffering a disability. We used a qualitative approach, through open interview, addressing categories of entrepreneurship and disability; developing the following topics: social, individual, and motivational factors, barriers and limitations. Results and Conclusion: Our results indicate that the main factors or motivations that lead a person with a disability to be entrepreneur are: religious beliefs, the perseverance, and the social and family networks. Also found as characteristic in common perception and analysis of the situation from an entrepreneurial perspective. As barriers and limitations can be highlighted: inequality, lack of opportunity, skepticism to diversity, physical, cultural and economic barriers, and lack of inclusive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Video-Simulation how a new pedagogical method has been scarcely used. We pretend to evaluate the utility and satisfaction with methodology used in the learning of the motivational interview technique through video-simulation. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study (2015) in students of 4th nursing course of Nursing School La Fe (Valencia, España). The scores obtained were measured, and the reliability of the questionnaire (Cronbach Alfa), through a factorial analysis. Results: Average age=23.6 ± 4.5 years. Cronbach Alpha = 0.91. The factorial analysis identified two dimensions explaining 32.4% and 32.1% of the variance (64.5% total variance). 70.6% of the students are quite or totally in agreement with the fact that the video-simulation allows them to improve substantially the learning. Conclusions: Students showed a high level of satisfaction with the learning methodology implemented. It is an effective learning method, that they consider useful to improve the skills in motivational interviewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article studies the feasibility and acceptability in a clinical trial of the impact of the motivational interview (mi) on inactive diabetic (diabetes mellitus) patients' adherence to physical activity (pa). This trial included thirty participants; sixteen received mi with telephone reinforcement for four weeks, the remaining received conventional care. pa, body mass index (bmi), blood glucose level and self-efficacy in pa were measured. The intervention group showed significant improvement in the pa (p<.05) and blood glucose level (p<.05). Taking into account the change in bmi for a large scale study, the calculation of the sample varies between 710 and 950 patients. For smaller-scale studies, taking into account the change in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (met), blood glucose, and self-efficacy, the sample calculation ranges between 34 and 272 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze changes in body mass index (BMI) in a group of obese patients after a nurse-based intervention to promote changes in their lifestyle through low- calorie diet, exercise and behavioral therapy. Method: quasi-experimental study with a non-probabilistic sample of 32 patients whose inclusion criteria were healthy patients, with autonomy for activities of daily living without dementia. The intervention was based on a nurse-based intervention to promote changes in their lifestyle and was subsequently evaluated by the decrease in BMI. Results: The mean value of the BMR was 34, 2 at the beginning of the study. After the nursing intervention there is a progressive decrease in BMI which was statistically significant after 6 months of treatment, which resulted in an mean value of 32,7. That is, a reduction in BMI of around 4%. Conclusions: personalized nursing intervention and intensive follow-up favor good acceptance or accession to the program and allow us to observe changes in the lifestyle of patients which is essential for controlling obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic diseases are responsible of both the death of 36 million of people per year, and its associated to 71.8% of heath expenses. Therefore, it is necessary to look for effective procedures in order to avoid added difficulties. In this work, the use of the motivational interviewing will be analyzed, intervention that consists of increasing the personal motivation of the person to obtain a positive change of his behavior. Methodology: Search within the most important databases of health sciences and exhaustive selection of the articles with higher scientific evidence. Results and discussion: Motivational interview is effective to increase the adhesion to treatment of people with chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports pre-post test results on two groups; the purpose is to enhance therapeutic adherence (TA) of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) patients. The sample included 11 patients in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, being served at a public hospital in México. All patients were administered two tests in order to assess their lifestyle and therapeutic adherence. Also pre and post intervention glucose levels were obtained. The intervention consisted of six 40-minutes individual meetings based on motivational interviewing. Seven out of the eleven patients in the intervention group changed their TA level. The pre and post intergroup glucose levels of the experimental group showed statistical differences (p≤ 0.05). We concluded the intervention was effective to increase the TA in DM2 patients. However, it is important to understand that women, due to personal and cultural considerations, face more difficulties to reach a good level of AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychologia is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and Objectives: Changing unhealthy behaviors: Diet and physical activity are key to treating obesity. The objective of this study is to determine whether an intervention group motivational intervention group by nurses trained by expert psychologist, complementary to the usual intervention is more effective than the latter in the treatment of overweight and obesity in relation to weight reduction percentage and the persistence over time of the reduction achieved. Methods: A multicenter randomized clinical trial of intervention in overweight and obese patients. Randomization of the intervention by health areas (ZBS). Two groups located in different centers separated, one of which will receive motivational intervention group (study group) and the other routine monitoring (control group) were established. Variables: Sociodemographic, results: percentage of patients reduced by 5 % of its weight and maintenance over time, anthropometric assessment, assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory data. Results: 696 patients were studied; 377 control and 319 study group. In both groups the weight down in each of the visits. The mean percentage weight reduction stood at 1% for the control group and 2.5% in the intervention group (p -value = 0.009). 55.8% of patients reduced the weight in the control group and 65.5% of the study group (p -value = 0.0391). 18.1% of the control patient lost more than 5 % by weight, in the intervention group, this percentage increased to 26.9%; statistically significant ( p -value = 0.0304). For the 10% target no significant differences at 2 years were detected (5% vs. 8%). It was found that after two years the BMI in the control group an average 0.9 kg/m2 and 2.4 kg/m2 was reduced in the study group ( p -value = 0.0237). Conclusion: based motivational group intervention program can improve anthropometric and lifestyle parameters in obese patients treated in a primary care center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychologia is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate an intervention based on motivational interviewing to promote enhance in therapeutic adherence (AT) in children with HIV / AIDS. The method was to evaluate the five factors AT, implement an intervention based on motivational interviewing and evaluating the AT again. Data were analyzed using a paired samples t test. The results showed t = 2294 with a significance of 0.035, which indicates that there statistically significant differences in pre and post evaluation assesses the AT. In seven cases there was an increase in AT. Eleven continued at the same level, in two cases the score was high from the pre. Despite the increase in AT, no patient achieved optimal adherence, more than 95%. We conclude that, although the intervention was effective in half of the caregivers, there are many variables that prevent children from reaching the level of AT required, including low education of primary caregivers, lack of support of the nuclear family and extensive and high poverty levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies show that when using motivational interviewing (MI) added to standard treatment, in order to increase motivation, treatment outcomes improve. The aim of this study was to examine whether smokers who receive an intervention with MI before a cognitive-behavioral psychological treatment to quit smoking they improve adherence and treatment effectiveness, and they reduce the risk of relapse at follow-up compared with smokers who only receive cognitive-behavioral psychological treatment for smoking cessation. We compared the effectiveness of adding or not MI to a psychological treatment to quit smoking in a sample of 58 smokers (46.6% men and 53.4% women). The experimental group received 2 sessions of MI before the beginning of the 6 sessions of the psychological treatment, while the control group received only 6 sessions of treatment. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in adherence to treatment, and treatment outcomes at the end of treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. We conclude that intervention with MI does not produce better results compared to the application of cognitive-behavioral psychological treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Azarbe is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la entrevista motivacional en conjunto con una intervención cognitivo-conductual grupal. Participaron 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de una institución de salud pública. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos de manera intencional en dos grupos: uno que incluye una sesión de entrevista motivacional individual y el otro una sesión educativa individual. Ambas sesiones se realizaron antes y después de ingresar al tratamiento cognitivo-conductual grupal. Para analizar estadísticamente las mediciones de hemoglobina glucosilada, colesterol y triglicéridos pre, post y seguimiento, se aplicó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas, y asimismo la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon para identificar diferencias significativas entre los puntajes pretest, postest y seguimiento dentro de los grupos educativo y motivacional de las variables depresión, ansiedad, autoeficacia, insatisfacción y calidad de vida. Se pudo observar que ambas intervenciones generaron cambios importantes en el control del padecimiento, ya que se detectó una disminución en los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada en casi todos los pacientes. Sin embargo, hubo un incremento de la misma durante el seguimiento en ambos grupos. En relación a las variables psicológicas, estas mostraron un mayor beneficio, importante clínicamente, en el grupo que tuvo la entrevista motivacional. Los datos permiten concluir que ambas intervenciones propiciaron cambios conductuales que mejoraron el control glucémico, teniendo la entrevista motivacional un mayor efecto positivo en los aspectos emocionales de los pacientes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By way of a quasi-experimental study it was attempted to determine whether motivational interviews as a nursing intervention were effective in promoting self-care amongst patients with heart failure in a fourth-level hospital in Bogotá, between January and May 2012. Two self-care assessments, a base one and a later one after the implementation of motivational interviews and telephone monitoring (15 days after the first assessment) were carried out among a sample of 21 patients. The degree of improvement was then calculated according to the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS), which considers three categories: compliance with the therapeutic regimen, capability of adaptation to the disease and looking for help when symptoms aggravate. Applying the non-parametrical signed-rank test, which is centred in the median, we obtained a probability of 0.0207 (less than 0.05), and it is thus to be inferred that the motivational interview as a nursing intervention is effective. According to the EHFScBS' three parameters, a general increase in self-care was observed, from medium to high. Motivational interviews brought the participants to implement activities that favour self-care, which allowed them to determine by themselves what was or was not beneficial to their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology is the property of Editorial of the University of Almeria (Spain) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tobacco consumption is a world-wide public health problem that has been associated with different types of cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, alterations in the reproductive system, dental problems and some eye diseases. In Mexico the National Survey of Addictions (2002) reported that 26.4% of the urban population between 12 and 65 years and 14.3% of the rural population are smokers. The Secretary of Health indicated that more than 53000 people died from diseases related to tobacco consumption. The consumption of tobacco stands among the ten first causes of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. In this sense, smoking is considered as one of the main public health problems in Mexico. Several organisms and institutions have undertaken actions in an attempt to solve it, such as the development of educative programs directed to the general population and programs to help smokers to quit this habit. Some of the main strategies to reduce cigarette consumption include nicotine replacement therapy, therapy not based on nicotine (antidepressants, some opiate antagonists and anxiolytic drugs), psychological programs, and the combination of some of them. Regarding psychological treatments, behavioral and cognitive behavioral techniques for smoking cessation hold empirical evidence about their efficacy for reducing the abuse of substances. In Mexico, psychological, nicotinic and non-nicotinic treatments to stop smoking are used. Nevertheless, the methodological and theoretical grounds of the psychological interventions are not wellestablished and there are no specific data about the changes in the consumption pattern after the application of the interventions and whether the effects of the treatment stay through the time. Specifically, the information about the efficacy of the brief interventions on smokers in the Mexican population is scarce. Although different studies have demonstrated that the brief motivational interventions are more effective to reduce the abuse of different substances than intensive interventions or no interventions at all, the techniques are not widely used in the treatment of tobacco consumption in Mexican population. With this evidence, the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) developed the Brief Motivational Intervention Program to treat smokers. The Brief Motivational Intervention is based in the Social Cognitive Theory, the Prevention of Relapses Model, in techniques of motivational interview and self-control techniques. Therefore, the goal of the present research is to evaluate a brief motivational intervention program for smokers. In order to achieve this aim, 10 individuals between 19 and 55 years old participated in the program; five individuals showed low nicotine dependence and five severe nicotine dependence according to the Questionnaire of Fagerström Tolerance. There was a public invitation and the participants consent to participate voluntarily in the «Center of Psychological Services» belonging to the Psychology Department, UNAM. The motivational brief intervention program for smokers consists of six sessions: an admission session, an evaluation session and four treatment sessions of one hour each. All of them were carried out individually based on the following theoretical and methodological components: social cognitive theory, techniques of motivational interview, techniques of self control and prevention of relapses model. The program was evaluated doing a comparison of the consumption pattern during and after the application of the brief intervention, and contrasting the level of self-efficacy before and after the application of the brief intervention.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the management style of the Spanish advertising agencies. For this purpose, it explores the way in which the dimensions that define the nature of this concept arise in the sector chosen. The analysis begins with the definition of management style as concept followed by an exposition of its main functions and its fundamental dimensions. Then, the paper presents the methodology used to verify how these dimensions appear among managers as well as the results obtained during the fieldwork. Such methodology includes the achievement of in-depth interviews, with the help of a questionnaire of semi-structured questions, and the descriptive analysis of qualitative and quantitative information obtained from those interviews. The revision of these aspects enriches the study of management at the advertising agencies since it contributes to understand why certain actions have as a consequence one particular kind of relationship between directors and collaborators or another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: En España, los últimos estudios de prevalencia desvelan cifras de un 26,1% de los niños con sobrepeso y un 19,1% de los niños con obesidad. El principal problema con el que nos encontramos en el tratamiento de la obesidad, es la adherencia y el mantenimiento en el tiempo. Objetivos: Valorar si existen diferencias significativas en la adherencia al tratamiento pautado en la consulta de nutrición entre un grupo de niños en los que se ha llevado a cabo una intervención, basada en técnicas de entrevista motivacional, y otro grupo de niños en los que no se ha realizado dicha intervención. Material y método: El presente trabajo fue diseñado como un ensayo experimental prospectivo y con grupo de control aleatorio. Resultados: El análisis descriptivo de la muestra, desvelo resultados acordes con otros estudios en cuanto a los factores de riesgo responsables de la obesidad infantil. Aunque en los dos grupos de niños se produjo una disminución en los valores antropométricos entre el inicio del estudio y el final del mismo, la prueba de Friedman nos indicó que la diferencia fue significativa sólo en el grupo control, no siéndolo en el grupo de la intervención. Conclusiones: Es posible que los niños hayan sido empujados a acudir a la consulta de Nutrición por los padres, sin haber sido ellos participes de la decisión. La falta de motivación en los niños para afrontar el cambio, ha podido influir en los resultados y la intervención que pretendía ser un refuerzo haberse transformado en algunos casos en un factor de estrés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]