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In this work, we take plantation studies as our starting point to reread Fernando Ortiz's Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar. Our analysis encompasses three aspects: firstly, we examine the most relevant lines of interpretation of the Counterpoint..., particularly, those derived from the notions of transculturation and counterpoint, with the aim of providing continuity and further discussion within the vast and enriching critical tradition that accompanies the text. Secondly, we propose to read certain moments of Ortiz's book from the perspective of plantation studies and the scalability model proposed by Anna Tsing for living amidst the ruins of the Anthropocene. In particular, we are interested in observing its flaws, those small fractions of territory that host non-scalable practices, fostering transformative diversity in social relations. Finally, we speculate about the neobaroque inscription of Ortiz's essayistic work as an alternative practice of transdisciplinarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hermenéutica is the property of Hermeneutic - Revista Digital de Arte, Critica y Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid expansion of industrial agriculture in rural Bogotá has led to a reduction in the diversity of plants cultivated by peasant families. This generates transformations in livelihoods and biocultural relations, affecting local environmental knowledge and practices for the use and management of agrobiodiversity. Although several studies have documented the presence of agrobiodiversity niches, such as orchards and peasant gardens that persist amid homogenized landscapes, there is a need to expand the identification and analysis of the multiple cultural and agroecological functions that characterize them. This study aims to identify local environmental knowledge linked to orchards and gardens in terms of their functions and contributions to the conservation and recovery of agrobiodiversity. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six key local informants and twenty-five peasant households, including ethnographic observations and eth-nobotanical walks. Based on the information obtained, the agrobiodiversity niches were characterized in terms of their functionality according to the daily experiences of their caretakers. Eight agroecological functions, 249 common names associated with the same number of plant species, and knowledge about uses and management were identified. Finally, the possible articulations of the niches with the surrounding landscapes and water spaces were analyzed to understand their potential contribution to territorial transformations and to the connectivity of the rural ecological structure of Bogota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of the production of cocoa in the province of Manabi (Ecuador) is presented, together with its development possibilities with the introduction of a sustainable cultural revaluation policy. Cocoa producers generally carry out their activities in rural areas and urban peripheries where living conditions are often precarious; each productive unit (farm) has an approximately extension of five hectares, and 90% of their maintenance is carried out by the family. The objective of this research was to identify the different groups of producers, based on their motivations, for the production of cocoa in the north central area of Manabi, Ecuador. The work comprised two stages: (1) exploratory, where data from official bodies was processed on the ARC GIS software; (2) field work, in which a Likert scale questionnaire was used. The sample is made up of 196 cocoa producers. The research design is flexible, with a quantitative and qualitative approach; exploratory in nature. There are two large groups of producers. The first set of producers related to the simple commercialization of cocoa and the second set of producers that shows a significant appropriation of the product as a reflection of the local culture. A positive context is glimpsed for initiatives around agricultural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desacatos is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plurentes is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Románicos is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the Mayans, the subjectivation of things is essential in their philosophy of inhabiting the territory, where they are all subjects; therefore, their vernacular architecture also assumes this perception on bringing the house to life. To arrive at this precept, a research project was developed that sought to understand the processes of transferring knowledge to tie (build) their vernacular architecture, in a study that involved methodologies of both the area of architecture and anthropology. While surveying architectural data, this process of life of the Mayan houses was noticed, which, on mainly being made from short-lasting materials, have a given lifespan but, at the same time, new houses are being tied, that will come alive when they are inhabited by new families. This makes the vernacular architecture of the Mayans ephemeral. The knowledge to tie-up has also been used to create another much more ephemeral architecture: The "tablados" (bullrings) for bullfights. On these "tablados" being linked to the patron saint, they only exist for one week, forming an ephemeral cultural landscape typical of the Mayan populations of the Yucatan Peninsula. This ephemeral quality is an essential characteristic of the Mayan vernacular architecture, but they are also a vital part of their existence on being the scenarios to learn about construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analytical perspective on the social management of water from the following categories: complex societies, water landscapes, population dynamics and landscape changes in rural territories of Risaralda, Colombia (townships of Combia). The research processes that support this article are framed in rural territories, mainly the processes of population and changes in the social, cultural and natural landscape that refer to clean water and management of community water systems which are considered a type of social organization for governance of water and as a social strategy of adaptation to global warming in the context of the Global Environmental Change (CAG) and the current Climate Change (CC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TST - Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones is the property of Asociacion Iberica de Historia Ferroviaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The provinces of Chaco and Formosa (Argentine Republic) have been shaped by the action of three mega alluvial cones, which are responsible for the topography, the runoff design and, consequently, the distribution of riverbank forests. The objective of this work is to apply Digital Elevation Models to generate runoff models which would determine the influence areas of the Gran Chaco mega alluvial cones in the distribution of jungles and forests in the Eastern Chaco within the Argentine territory. The results of the surface runoff models were compared with the forests and forests distribution in the Eastern Chaco, which had been obtained from Landsat images. By applying the Digital Elevation Models and their subsequent comparison with the distribution of forests, it was possible to determine the influence of the Otumpa hills in the regional geomorphology, and therefore the areas of influence of each mega alluvial cone and its influence on sediment deposition and forest distribution. It was determined that although mega alluvial cones are the main landscape shapers, the emergence of the Otumpa hills is mainly responsible for the depressed areas in the south of the region and the consequent distribution and density of jungles and forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to understand and evaluate the levels of anthropic transformation on the vegetation cover in the landscapes of Chiapas, Mexico. To achieve this goal, a pressure index was applied to the map of the physical-geographical landscapes of the Chiapas State, in a 1: 250 000 scale. The results indicate that low category occupies 29% of the surface area of the state; the high class 27%, the medium level 26%, the very low category 16%; finally, the very high level covers 2%. The high category is located in plains, piedmonts and valley landscapes in warm humid and subhumid climate. The low class is located in mountains of tectonic-intrusive, tectonic-acumulative and tectonic-karstic origin, in temperate, semiwarm humid to subhumid, and warm humid climates. The trend scenario is worrisome, because the high level could represent in the short term 53% of the surface area of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, tal y como establece el artículo 27 del Estatuto de Autonomía de Galicia en los apartados 3 y 30, tiene competencia exclusiva, respectivamente, en materia de ordenación del territorio y del litoral, así como de normas adicionales de protección del medio ambiente y del paisaje en los términos del artículo 149.1.23 de la Constitución Española. El artículo 37.3 del mismo estatuto establece que las competencias de ejecución en la Comunidad Autónoma implican, entre otras, la facultad reglamentaria correspondiente. El Instituto de Estudios Territoriales fue creado por la Ley 6/2007, de 11 de mayo, de medidas urgentes en materia de ordenación territorial y costera en Galicia, como consecuencia del mandato legal del artículo 31 de la Ley 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre de ordenación del territorio de Galicia, al mismo tiempo que dispuso su adscripción a la consellería competente en materia de urbanismo y ordenamiento territorial. La Ley 7/2008, de 7 de julio, de protección del paisaje de Galicia, tiene por objeto la reconocimiento legal, protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje de Galicia, Entender que el paisaje tiene una dimensión global de interés general para la comunidad de acuerdo con el Convenio Europeo del Paisaje aprobado en Florencia el 20 de octubre 2000 a propuesta del Consejo de Europa, que entró en vigor el 1 de marzo de 2004 y fue ratificado por el Estado español mediante Instrumento de 28 de enero de 2008. El artículo 5 de la Ley 7/2008, de 7 de julio, de protección del paisaje gallego, establece que los poderes públicos de Galicia velarán por que, en el ámbito de sus competencias, adoptar las medidas específicas necesarias para la protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje y en su Capítulo III establece los instrumentos para lograrlo. Entre ellos destacan, primero, los catálogos de paisajes, definidos en el artículo 9 como los documentos de referencia que, apoyándose en las diferentes características geográficas, morfológicas, urbanas y costas existentes en el territorio gallego, habrá que delimitar, en base a los diferentes estudios y trabajos existentes en el tema, los grandes espacios paisajísticos de Galicia, identificando los distintos tipos de paisaje existentes en cada uno de ellos y sus características diferenciales. El contenido de los catálogos de paisaje aparece en este mismo artículo, que también establece que los catálogos de paisaje pueden, en caso necesario, identificar determinadas áreas geográficas como áreas de especial interés paisajístico, en atención a los valores naturales y culturales presentes allí, que se realiza en este catálogo. El Catálogo de Paisajes de Galicia fue aprobado por Decreto 119/2016, de 28 de julio. Por otra parte, las Directrices de Ordenación del Territorio, aprobadas por Decreto 19/2011, de 10 de febrero, al hablar del paisaje, en su punto 8, señalan expresamente que “Las administraciones públicas se integrarán, según los criterios de la Ley 7/2008, de 7 de Julio, de protección del paisaje de Galicia, la consideración del paisaje en los instrumentos de planificación territorial y urbana, así como en otras políticas sectoriales que puedan producir un impacto directo o indirecto en la misma ”. En línea con lo anterior, todos ellos se consideran instrumentos de planificación sectorial derivado de la legislación sectorial que incide en el paisaje, interpretación consistente con lo anterior y en línea con la exposición de motivos de la Ley 7/2008, que establece “[un ley] tiene la intención de servir como marco de referencia para toda la otra legislación sectorial y la sus planes y programas que de alguna manera puedan influir en la modificación, alteración o transformaciones de los paisajes ”. En cuanto a "estrategias regionales o locales orientadas al desarrollo sostenible del territorio", estamos ante acciones encaminadas a diseñar, ejecutar y evaluar las políticas de desarrollo territorial. Las autoridades regionales y locales deben tener en cuenta las normas y recomendaciones de estas herramientas de gestión del territorio para llevar a cabo tanto la planificación estratégica como desarrollar herramientas a corto plazo con las que garantizar la consideración del paisaje en todas las actuaciones con incidencia en el territorio. Los planes, programas o proyectos deben justificar, en su informe, el cumplimiento de estas Directrices de paisaje. En el caso de normas de carácter excluyente, mediante la adecuada acreditación o descripción de los medios y el fin a alcanzar; y en el caso de estándares con un mayor grado de flexibilidad en términos de medios, de una manera más abierta, sin perjuicio al fin vinculante que se pretenda alcanzar. Finalmente, las pautas de carácter orientativo (recomendaciones), aunque no exigen que sigas sus prescripciones, sí exigen que la solución esté descrita y justificada. concreta por qué se elige en el caso de que no se cumplan estas determinaciones y si optar por separarse de los criterios contenidos en el mismo. Estas reglas y recomendaciones incluyen algunas que, por su grado de concreción, son herramientas reales de aplicación inmediata y no requieren desarrollo a través de planes o estrategias, por lo que el organismo autónomo responsable de En materia de paisaje se comprobará, en los informes que deberán emitir consonantes la Ley 7/2008 y una su normativa de desarrollo, o de acuerdo con las normas ambientales, territoriales o sectorial, el cumplimiento de estas Directrices de paisaje. En el caso de medidas y acciones concretas, nos encontramos ante dos clases de acciones que se establecen para alcanzar los objetivos de calidad paisajística en relación a la recuperación de áreas en las que existen áreas degradadas. En consecuencia, el contexto de estas propuestas directas se limita a aquellas situaciones donde la intervención del paisaje se vuelve más perentoria, lo que le otorga una categoría de excepcionalidad. En cuanto a la diferenciación entre medidas y acciones, estas pueden tratarse como análogas, aunque la medida prescribe un comportamiento general sostenido (positivo o prohibitivo). En definitiva, y como hemos indicado, se trata de medidas de choque para enderezar los supuestos más onerosos que dañan o degradan el paisaje, tanto a nivel estético como ecológico. Finalmente están los indicadores de calidad del paisaje para control y seguimiento del estado y evolución de las unidades de paisaje. Estos indicadores se referirán a variables o aspectos medibles o cuantificables, incluidos los resultados del proceso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the transformation of the architectural work in ruin, through a process of action of nature and time de-composed the work built on fragments, emerging dichotomies and dualities intrinsic to its essence, such as deterioration and beauty; presence and absence; memory and forgetting; reality and fiction; freedom and dangerous. Thus, the ruins are a new landscape that is not properly human or actual natural, but joint action, a sculptural and archaeological landscape, understanding that the fragments that compose it are able to reinterpret its essence, revealing a sense of human continuity. In rural areas the ruins sleep without urgency or time in the "silence" of forgetfulness, social sympathy, creating a mysterious playful and aesthetic space. Analyze a former worker-military camp in the Andes, where the dichotomies and dualities manifest themselves in a work-abandoned face the action of nature, peering into a timeless and indeterminate future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is developed in the Sancti Spíritus Environmental Services Center (CSASS), with the objective of implement web application that improves the information management related to lifting of landscape assessment in the stretch between Cabagan River and Trinidad in the CSASS. For the design and implementation of the application, the agile development methodology Extreme Programming (XP) was followed. As programming language was used PHP 5.5, as Web Framework Yii 2.0.9 and for the persistence of data, a database was created in MySQL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse a corpus of 288 ethnographic photographs of Fueguian Indigenous societies produced by 46 photographers who travelled along the region from the end of 19th century to mid-20th century with the aim of identifying and assessing the links between the structures and the landscapes in which these were located. Following a "visual archaeology" method, the structures and landscapes found in 147 photographs of Shelk'nam, 95 of Yamana/Yagan and 46 of Alakaluf/Kaweskar are systematically studied. We are interested in analysing: a) the coexistence -or lack of coexistence- between structures, with the aim of finding indicators of modes of use of space via the simultaneous location of two or more structures; b) the implications of the structure-landscape association, since the photographic record can provide information of archaeological relevance to learn about structure location choices, which, after their abandonment, may have formed part of archaeological sites. In turn, we also analyse whether there existed spatial overlaps or separations between Indigenous traditional structures and new Western structures which, as part of the Argentinean and Chilean state expansion, started to occupy these Indigenous territories. The information is discussed with the aim of shedding new light on the modes of landscape construction and living in the world developed by the Fuegian Indigenous societies and their changes during the contact process, some of which can be inferred through an archaeological gaze of this photographic corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role played by fluvial landscape planning in the mitigation of water risk, through the analysis of a project developed for the Arroyo del Gato Stream Basin, within the framework of the urban conglomerate known as Greater La Plata. At the global level, flood risk mitigation strategies have incorporated a landscape point of view by progressively leaving behind the approach based solely on defensive works, thus opening the door to preventive actions that consider the dynamics of the natural environment and promote an awareness of water systems. In the case analyzed, hydraulic engineering works are still given priority, and there is little acknowledgement of the ecological and landscape value associated with the watercourse. As the Arroyo del Gato Stream Basin has the highest population density in the region and is one of the basins most affected by high levels of water risk, landscape planning can contribute to risk mitigation strategies. Specifically, qualitative research was carried out that substituted and systematized risk mitigation strategies associated with the landscape in a project developed for the Arroyo del Gato Stream Basin. The study also evaluated applying the project at the metropolitan level. The development of a strategy of public spaces with varying functions according to the different basin sectors shows that it is possible to associate landscape planning and risk mitigation -- an innovative approach in a region where there is neither appreciation of the fluvial landscape nor comprehensive risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research covers the territory of Mexico and aims to understand and evaluate the distribution of the complexity and heterogeneity of the physical-geographical landscapes of this country. To achieve this, two indicators of complexity were applied; one of richness and a diversity to map natural landscapes of Mexico at 1: 500 000. The results indicate that Mexico is a mosaic geoecological where spatially alternating units of varying heterogeneity and complexity, continuously. Even the most simple and homogeneous geoecosystems, contain a high richness of lower units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present some of the methodological strategies used by the Consulting Room at the Landscapes Laboratory to approach the community and in this way improve their lives. Specifically, the Laboratory works with vulnerable Andean communities near the city of Quito (Cotogchoa and La Merced). With their social organization and thanks to the involvement of various actors, it aims to raise healthy and harmonious landscapes through participatory projects. The word raise originates in Andean conceptual ideas, which assume that all components are living beings. Therefore, landscapes should be nurtured, cared for and respected to create relationships and emotional ties with them. The proposed projects require special sensitivity to the territory and involve the revaluing of the role of the technician, who interprets needs and realities to reach consensus. Thus, in short this academic work seeks to support processes of reflection and social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The phenomena of landgrabbing and monopolizing of water sources have gained increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, very few studies have dealt with the problem of the grabbing and concentration of resources from an ethnographic perspective that would make it possible to illustrate the different ways in which dispossession takes place, as well as its concrete mechanisms and effects in particular historical, geographic and political contexts. This article makes a critical contribution to the relevant literature. Based on the specific case of the area of Montes de María, located in the Caribbean region of Colombia, it shows how the violent forms of dispossession are produced and maintained by everyday dynamics. Through the analysis of i) the imagined geographies of the region, ii) the implementation of development projects, iii) the processes of privatization of water resources, and iv) the configuration of spaces of fear, this study illustrates how the landscapes of everyday dispossession in the region are produced. In this way, it seeks to contribute to the research on socio-environmental conflicts and to break into the narrative of post-conflict in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at unveiling some of the perceptions and experiences that people may have had when dwelling in different towns and villages in the past, possibilities are being discussed with a view to adopting a phenomenological approach to archaeological records. Therefore, the pertinence of certain concepts and precepts from phenomenology being used as analytical and methodological tools will be taken into account, in preference to a rigid theoretical outline. Accordingly, I aim to demonstrate the potential of what I refer to as "experiential studies," and how this idea may work in collaboration with independent lines of research so as to achieve a deeper understanding of past societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes and transformations in Latin American countries rural landscapes, influenced largely by effects positive and negative impacts arising from the globalization of our economies, resulting in the existence of winners and losers areas in which is necessary to make diagnoses from which geographers, agronomist and other scientists of the earth, can then suggest local rural development plans in order to mitigate direct effects on population of losers regions. In this context the Pan American Agenda (PAIGH), constitutes an alternative to guide the research efforts of different specialists groups who are working on land use changes and local development plans, with aim of contributing to sustainability of traditional rural landscapes in Latin America and clearly guide inhabitants of these areas to search for alternatives to achieve a more full. In this article, we want to show some transformations in selected landscapes of Argentina and Chile, in order to establish feasibility of cultural heritage resources using the landscape and defining alternatives of rural tourism activities implementing. This time we present most significant geographical features of both areas and reviewed some progress regarding the disposition of population and territorial authorities, to support initiatives that encourage rural tourism routes in each study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape catalogs prepared by the Landscape Observatory by order of the Government of Catalonia's Department of Territory and Sustainability are technical documents that the Landscape Law intends as tools for landscape organization and management from the perspective of territorial planning. The landscape catalogs are increasingly becoming a relevant instrument used by various administrations, whether to integrate landscape into regional and town planning, to design tourism and cultural strategies, or to be integrated into initiatives In landscape education, among other applications. The catalogs' results are also contributing to the emergence of various initiatives for landscape planning and management led by civil society or coled with local authorities. This text fully explores the landscape catalogs of Catalonia as a tool for understanding, characterizing and planning landscape, and presents some of the uses that the administration and civil society give these documents. It also introduces the Observatory's new roadmap (Catpaisatge2020), which emphasizes elements such as internationalization, local development and entrepreneurship, the appreciation of new landscapes, and also the Importance of values, research and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the emergence of socio-territorial landscapes in a specific contextual setting: the interior sea of Chiloé (Gulf of Corcovado and Gulf of Ancud) and more specifically, the archipelago in the Quinchao District. Using a theoretical model that includes reflections and ideas from various disciplines of knowledge (philosophy, social ecology, anthropology and geography) brought together under four theoretical concepts (Complexity, Subsistence Strategies, Ways of Inhabiting and Landscapes), it attempts to answer the following question: What landscapes emerge in the Quinchao District, Chiloé Island, from the changes experienced/perceived in subsistence strategies and ways of inhabiting? Strategically, the authors have decided to operate on the basis of specific reference units and focus on some forms of socioenvironmentai interaction as referents of human activity on space, such as traditional activities in the Areas of Management and Exploitation of Benthic Resources (AMERB's) and in the salmon aquaculture industry. The main objective of this work is to elucidate processes of construction of maritime-coastal landscapes by investigating two hypotheses: i) there are territorial emergencies in socio-spatial relations due to the establishment of the salmon industry that update subsistence strategy options and ways of inhabiting; ii) there are fundamental elements in the construction of landscapes that are closely linked to the process of "afford" or enaction, which make it possible to recognize the environment's different identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a political perspective, landscape is conceived here as a common public good and territorial capital for the Chilean State. It is generalized throughout the country and subject to the rights of the populations that perceive it and for whose democratic enjoyment attitudes not only of protection but also of management, organization and legislation must be generated. The landscape in Chile has experienced growing interest from society. The origin of this concern is related to three determining factors: (1) the vision of the landscape as an economic resource, (2) the organization and management of changes in the country, and (3) social revaluation as a result of the first two factors. As an economic resource, the landscape has contributed to the development of activities such as mining, energy, agro-industry and tourism, all of which are geared toward economic growth. However, they have neglected the significant aspects of the landscape and have not taken into account that it is common property and heritage. Due to transformations in the territory, the landscape has been degraded by human activities in the public and private sectors, which is generating initial, but palpable concern. The various social strata intuitively consider this as a scarce, common good, and its loss, the cause of deterioration of the environment and quality of life. The dimension of healthy landscape has begun to be incorporated into territorial planning worldwide. Chile should adopt this policy to safeguard the common good. In social revaluation, landscape is seen as a decisive element in human welfare and quality of life. It is also a source of identity and heritage, which makes it possible to recognize the diversity of landscapes and culture of this country. Therefore, the proposal is framed by the understanding of landscape as a common good and the idea of a shared duty: "Citizens and the state must together ensure the common good and coexistence." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ambiente y Desarrollo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes an approach to the meanings behind the aesthetic argument used in defense of natural landscapes and territories facing major industrial interventions. It explores some variables that enter into play in this argument, such as the representations of and the attitudes toward nature, landscape, places, territory, paying particular attention to the ambivalent effects that the invocation of landscape beauty has or can have: from its conversion to aesthetic fetish for the elite who have resources to make of their relation with nature postcard experiences, to its profile as a genuinely critical, political and ethical argument against an industrial modernity that has made of nature (and of places and their inhabitants) disposable objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vegetation is one the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. Often this information is useful for determining homogeneous landscapes, essential when planning a sustainable system. The aim of this study was to perform a subdivision of landscapes in the Flooding Pampa by analyzing functional aspects of vegetation obtained by means of remote sensing. We used a series of 11 year normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained from the sensor TERRA/MODIS. These data were fitted to a mathematical model in TIMESAT, which enabled the extraction of seasonal growing season variables in states "El Niño", Neutral and "La Niña" (periods 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009, respectively). Subsequently, we performed a Principal Component Analysis which showed a 85.65% variance explained in the first three components, enabling the distinction of four different landscapes with phenological behaviors. The Tall-tussock grass range and agricultural landscape has the largest values of productivity and high growth seasons, the agricultural and range "flechillar" is characterized by low maximum values of NDVI and high levels of productivity. The landscapes Southern agricultural and ecotone agricultural and range have a similar behavior with short growing seasons, high maximum values of NDVI and low productivity, but in the Southern agricultural landscape the growing season is premature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is a theoretical exercise which has as its objetive to relect on certain concepts related to the archaeology of landscapes and architecture. The importance of practical experience in our activities as beings set in a material world has led us to rethink the question of space and our criteria at the time of its study. We then propose from a Dwelling Perspective a vision of landscape as a network of relationships between places anchoring the past in the environment, with architecture as an element that shapes this landscape and as an expresion of a cultural attitude toward the same landscape. The concepts raised here allow us to think in other terms concerning the architectural evidence from Andalhuala, Valley of Yocavil, and questions the dominant and universal reason perspective (emphasized by the sciences), that deals with the living worlds of different peoples as "world visions" that overlap "true" reality with that of "nature". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a study of territorial reconfiguration in the Cachapoal valley, along its riverside intercommunity route-Coinco, Olivar, Doñihue, Coltauco-in the central zone of Chile, regarding the process of modernizing and globalizing agriculture started in the second half of the 1970s. Population and agrarian censuses as well as the CASEN survey were analyzed. Conceptually, it proposes the concept of agro-territories, or agropolis, to designate the agrarian regions. It discerns this concept by comparing it with concepts of new rurality, rural urbanity and rural territories. The main result is the identification of a guideline for repopulation that is essentially agrourban, together with the progressive secondarization of agriculture. Likewise, it identifies a new formof the social question, this time centered not on poverty but on segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of South American Archeology is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coastal areas are environments where the interactions and actions of two totally different domains- sea and land- derive in a remarkable richness and numerous advantages. It is for this reason that they represent one of the places in our planet more coveted for human settlement. This, added to the characteristic fragility of these areas, leads to the fact that environmental problems and threats are here more numerous. The coast of the Blanca Bay constitutes no exception. The permanent advance of the industrial and port areas in the Blanca Bay has derived in an important degradation of the natural environment. The landscape represents the visible part of the geographical space, so it turns to be an element of fundamental importance at the moment of evaluating the environmental situation of a territory. For its analysis, the methodology proposed by Bovet Pla and Ribas Vilás was applied, adapted by the members of the research project "Local development in urban, periurban and rural spaces of the Buenos Aires Southwest" (Zinger et al), in process at the Universidad Nacional del Sur . Research results were also used to determine the zones of risk and the threats under which the area is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Orinoquia es una de las regiones biogeográficas colombianas con mayor riqueza de paisajes ecosistemas y especies, debido su ubicación estrategia y a la gran cantidad de fuentes hídricas que la surcan. Los bosques inundables son ecosistemas estratégicos que brindan un sin número de servicios ecosistémicos [1], sin embargo, en la región no existe información acerca de dichos ecosistemas, debido a la falta de políticas estatales y de iniciativas de investigación. Por tales razones, el objetivo es aportar al conocimiento de los diferentes ecosistemas boscosos de inundación estacional [2], temporal u ocasional, en la región Orinoquia; por medio del inventario, caracterizaciones y revisión de colecciones botánicas depositadas en los herbarios COL, COACH y MO por más de 20 años. El inventario reporta 705 especies, agrupadas en 304 géneros y 89 Familias; 6 especies son nuevos registros para Colombia, 9 nuevos registros para la Orinoquia, 12 para el departamento del Vichada, Casanare 2, Arauca 1 y Guaviare 1. Entre las especies reportadas, 275 se encuentran en ríos de aguas mixtas, 235 en ríos de aguas claras, 183 en aguas blancas, y 150 en ríos de aguas negras. La mayor concentración de especies se ubica en el paisaje de la Guayana con 456 especies, seguido por el paisaje de sabanas eólicas con 202, selvas de transición con 156, la Altillanura con 116, el piedemonte con 97 y las sabanas inundables 77. En cuanto ecosistemas vemos que los bosques de galería inundables, son los más diversos con 248 especies, seguido por los bosques inundables de aguas mixtas con 215 especies, los bosques de vega inundables con 187, los bosques de aguas negras con 158, los morichales con 69 y los saladillales con 12 especies. El departamento que más aporta especies es Vichada con 432 especies, seguido de Meta con 249, Casanare con 232, Guainía con 221, Guaviare 109 y Arauca con 97. Muchas especies son utilizadas por los pobladores locales como maderables como El Sasafrás (Ocotea cymbarum Kunth), Cuyubí (Minquartia guianensis Aubl), Cachicamo (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess), Caramacate (Piranhea trifoliata Baill), Majaguillo (Xylopia emarginata Mart), Cometure (Mouriri guianensis Aubl), Chicle (Manilkara inundata (Ducke) Ducke), Cedro macho (Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson), de estas la mayoría se encuentran en peligro crítico en la región por sobre explotación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Orinoquia es una de las regiones biogeográficas colombianas con mayor riqueza de paisajes ecosistemas y especies, debido su ubicación estrategia y a la gran cantidad de fuentes hídricas que la surcan. Los bosques inundables son ecosistemas estratégicos que brindan un sin número de servicios ecosistémicos [1], sin embargo, en la región no existe información acerca de dichos ecosistemas, debido a la falta de políticas estatales y de iniciativas de investigación. Por tales razones, el objetivo es aportar al conocimiento de los diferentes ecosistemas boscosos de inundación estacional [2], temporal u ocasional, en la región Orinoquia; por medio del inventario, caracterizaciones y revisión de colecciones botánicas depositadas en los herbarios COL, COACH y MO por más de 20 años. El inventario reporta 705 especies, agrupadas en 304 géneros y 89 Familias; 6 especies son nuevos registros para Colombia, 9 nuevos registros para la Orinoquia, 12 para el departamento del Vichada, Casanare 2, Arauca 1 y Guaviare 1. Entre las especies reportadas, 275 se encuentran en ríos de aguas mixtas, 235 en ríos de aguas claras, 183 en aguas blancas, y 150 en ríos de aguas negras. La mayor concentración de especies se ubica en el paisaje de la Guayana con 456 especies, seguido por el paisaje de sabanas eólicas con 202, selvas de transición con 156, la Altillanura con 116, el piedemonte con 97 y las sabanas inundables 77. En cuanto ecosistemas vemos que los bosques de galería inundables, son los más diversos con 248 especies, seguido por los bosques inundables de aguas mixtas con 215 especies, los bosques de vega inundables con 187, los bosques de aguas negras con 158, los morichales con 69 y los saladillales con 12 especies. El departamento que más aporta especies es Vichada con 432 especies, seguido de Meta con 249, Casanare con 232, Guainía con 221, Guaviare 109 y Arauca con 97. Muchas especies son utilizadas por los pobladores locales como maderables como El Sasafrás (Ocotea cymbarum Kunth), Cuyubí (Minquartia guianensis Aubl), Cachicamo (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess), Caramacate (Piranhea trifoliata Baill), Majaguillo (Xylopia emarginata Mart), Cometure (Mouriri guianensis Aubl), Chicle (Manilkara inundata (Ducke) Ducke), Cedro macho (Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson), de estas la mayoría se encuentran en peligro crítico en la región por sobre explotación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]