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Early, adequate antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young children alleviates acute symptoms and may also limit long-term sequelae. Antibiotics should ideally be prescribed only to those. As, there is no rapid point of care for a UTI using an antibiotic with the narrowest effective spectrum. Empirical treatment is universal in primary care, given that urine culture results take several days. As yet, there are no rapid point-of-care tests that give a sufficiently robust indication of an etiology and the susceptibility of infecting organisms. Guidelines generally recommend that the choice of empiric antibiotics for suspected UTI in acutely unwell children should rely on local susceptibilities choice of empiric antibiotics for suspected UTI in acutely unwell children should depend on local susceptibilities Such information is usually derived from routinely collected data. It may provide biased estimates because of variation provide biased estimates because of variation. It provides biased estimates because of variations in sampling decisions by individual clinicians, differing laboratory procedures and the inclusion of repeat samples in databases. The susceptibilities of organisms from urines submitted in routine care and organisms causing UTI from systematically obtained urines in primary care have not been directly compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]