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This study explores the media practices of Peruvian internet users based on their self- perceived educational level. The purpose is to provide an original theoretical perspective on the formation of media assemblages, shaped by the uses and interactions of specific social groups with media outlets. Utilizing a custom questionnaire, grounded in an updated version of the Uses and Gratifications Theory, administered to a sample (n=465) of users from various age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds, we examine the similarities and differences in these media assemblages and their impact on users' agency as critical media consumers. The results reveal that the national context, characterized by technological disparities and the COVID-19 pandemic, has influenced consumption practices. The smartphone stands out as the most widely used device, valued for its immediacy and diverse content. Both less educated and highly educated groups resort to it for information, education, and entertainment. Television also plays a significant role, serving as entertainment for older generations and a source of information for higher socioeconomic levels. The choice of streaming services among different income groups reflects the influence of connectivity and bandwidth. Information consumption is driven by curiosity, while entertainment is used for learning and following trends. Furthermore, there is little planning involved in entertainment and information consumption, although educational content is more planned among the highly educated group. This difference may be linked to access opportunities for educational materials, suggesting avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the association of comprehensive assessment scores with mortality in geriatric patients of a national reference hospital in Peru. The study: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients over 60 years of age were included during the period from November 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. The data was collected from the clinical history. SOFA, KATZ, FAST and Charlson Index scores were included to evaluate the association with mortality. Findings: 93 participants were found. The prevalence of mortality was 32.3%. In the simple regression, an association was observed between SOFA score greater than or equal to 12 (RR:15.3), FAST score (RR:2.29) and the Charlson index (RR:2.46) with intrahospital mortality. In the multiple regression adjusted for age and sex, only the SOFA score maintained statistical significance (RR: 13.42 p<0.001). Conclusion: The SOFA score has a strong association with in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peru, a biodiverse country that demands significant volumes of food to meet human nutritional needs, is in political and social uncertainty, since the indicators of food security and malnutrition of a segment of the population are above the thresholds of a country developing. For this reason, this research analyzes the potential of the country to improve food security indicators, using in a planned and sustainable manner the immense biological natural resources that lie in its territory. A conceptual-hermeneutical analysis of the experiences in food, nutrition and health programs generated by state governance and private interest groups in the last two decades to achieve the reduction of food insecurity indices is carried out. A comprehensive and binding political management of nutritional indicators recommended by the WHO is proposed, which includes mass production and the sustainable agro-industrial treatment of the indigenous superfoods of the Peruvian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) continues to be considered one of the infectious diseases, particularly affecting incarcerated individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution of self-reported cases of PTB in six Peruvian Penitentiary Centers (PCs) according to the level of overcrowding. The study: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using the database of the First National Penitentiary Census of 2016. Incarcerated individuals from the 6 PCs in the Lima department, which have the highest prevalence of intrapenitentiary tuberculosis nationwide, were included. Findings: The prevalence was calculated according to the level of overcrowding, categorized as low, medium, and high, with values of 4,834, 3,902, and 3,039/100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: The distribution of PTB was predominantly homogeneous across PCs, regardless of the level of overcrowding. Self-reported cases of active PTB were present in all PC populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mortality from HIV/AIDS is one of the main indicators to monitor this public health problem. Objective: Analyze the changes in the trend in mortality and in the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS in Peru 2000-2021. Material and Methods: Ecological study based on open data on people living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2000-2021. Mortality rates were obtained from the Single National Health Information Repository. Data on new cases of HIV/AIDS were obtained from CDC Peru sources. A joinpoint regression analysis estimated trends using mean percentage change (APC); considering sex, life stages and regions, p values less than 0.05 being significant. Results: The general mortality trend had no significant changes (APC=-1.3 [95% CI: - 2.6; 0.1]); nine regions presented increasing mortality trends; mortality in women decreased (APC=-2.2 [95% CI: -3.7; -0.6]); an increasing trend was observed in adolescent mortality (APC=6.3 [95% CI: 2.3; 10.3]). An increasing trend was demonstrated in the number of people infected with HIV (APC=3.73 [95% CI: 2.6; 4.8]) and the trend of AIDS cases decreased from 2004 (APC=-2.54 [95% CI: -4.3; -0.7]). Conclusion: It was found that there are increasing trends in mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and in a significant number of regions of the Peruvian highlands, being a key priority to deepen the management and approach of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Public Security, Government, and Society in Peru, 1785-1835" examines the role of society in maintaining public security in Peru during that period. It highlights that there was no clear division between the State and society regarding public security, which allowed local powers to have autonomy in this function. The organization of social participation in the custody of public security, such as the cabildos and mayors, is mentioned. During the war of independence, militias played an important role in protecting communities. However, the lack of resources and the dispersion of the population made it difficult for the state to intervene in public security. Despite this, mayors were considered the most legitimate rural authorities to maintain the security of their communities. In general, a public security system was established that involved society under the leadership of local powers, and this system was not significantly reconsidered in the republican period. [Extracted from the article]

A nivel mundial se ha establecido que la vacunación constituye la medida más efectiva para detener el desarrollo de la pandemia de COVID-19. Desde febrero del presente año el Perú ha iniciado el proceso de vacunación contra la COVID-19 de acuerdo con las gestiones y planes dispuestos por el gobierno y las autoridades sanitarias locales quienes han priorizado su aplicación en el personal de salud y los adultos mayores. Ante ello, algunos investigadores locales han realizado análisis a nivel poblacional con el fin de estimar el potencial efecto que la vacunación está generando en nuestro país. Como resultado se ha encontrado una disminución en las tendencias de hospitalización y mortalidad de estas poblaciones durante y posterior al proceso de vacunación coincidiendo con los hallazgos reportados por otros países. Esta evidencia, aunque preliminar, permite dar luces de la importancia de la vacunación como medida para contener el impacto negativo que ha venido causando la pandemia de COVID-19 en nuestro país. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to analyze the optimal capital structure and profitability of cement companies in Peru. The methodology used was a correlation matrix and a multiple regression, to establish a relationship between the variables. Likewise, the variables that will be considered in the correlation and multiple regression matrix will be, ROE, Net Margin, Asset Rotation, Financial Leverage, and ROA. The results demonstrate a direct relationship between capital structure and profits in cement companies in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the outcome of the vaccination against hepatitis, we determined the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections, eight years after introduction of the vaccination. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2 944 participants of 67 Kandozi and Chapra indigenous peoples in April 2010. Serological screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody anti-HBc IgM and IgG, antibody anti-HBs and anti-HDV were determined by ELISA tests. Results. The prevalence rates of HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti- HBs ≥10 mlUI/ml and anti-HDV were 2.3, 39.13, 50.95 and 2.11%, respectively. The prevalence rate of HBsAg in children <11 years was 0%. Among carriers of HBsAg, the prevalence rates of HDV and acute HBV infections were 2.11% (all were >14 years) and 11.94%, respectively. HBsAg and anti-HBc total were associated with individuals ≥10 years (p<0.001). Conclusions. These findings show the elimination of HBV carriers in children <11 years, eight years following introduction of the vaccination against HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dental treatment anxiety affects patient care consultation, regardless of the dental specialty, each with own treatment acts. Objective: To determine the anxiety level of dental treatment of operative dentistry and oral surgery in a hospital of Lima. Methods: The study was conducted in the specialties of operative dentistry and oral surgery, with 72 patients from each specialty, chosen at random over a period of five months, through their answers at Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The level of anxiety of patients was similar in the two specialties (p = 0.402). No statistical significant difference was found between anxiety and the patient's sex (p = 0.06), nor with the age of the patient (p = 0.08), nor with the sex of the operator (p = 0.521). The higher frequency of anxiety was the minimum level, 86.1% in operative dentistry and 79.2% in oral surgery. A difference was found between anxiety levels of patients from each specialty (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The frequency of anxiety before entering the specialty was similar, minimum level. Other research is required to determine whether the degree of anxiety is related to the patient's care to dental specialties services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an anti-neuronal antibody-mediated inflammatory brain disease whose early diagnosis and treatment significantly improves the disease prognosis. We report four cases with definitive diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis hospitalized at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima-Perú. All patients had seizures, being refractory status epilepticus observed in three cases (75%). Psychiatric disorders, dyskinesia and dysautonomic signs were evidenced in all patients, and two of them required mechanical ventilation. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were reported in all patients; as well as abnormal cytological findings in cerebrospinal fluid in two (50%), and brain lesions in magnetic resonance imaging in one (25%). All patients were treated immunosuppressive medication with methylprednisolone, and two of them (50%) required plasma exchange given the poor response to corticoids. At 12 months of follow-up after discharge, three patients (75%) did not report seizures and one of them did not achieve functional independence. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis mainly affects young people and we have to take it into account in our differential diagnoses given that its omission can lead to death or severe disability of our patients. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for a positive prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We described and illustrated in detail the osteological differences of the neurocranium of Menticirrhus ophicephalus and Larimus acclivis, with biological material from the coastal area of the department of Piura, Peru. For the neurocranium of the specimens, the boiling method was applied, proposed by Martinez & Zelada (2001). The results were: M. ophicephalus and L. acclivis, with a lateroparietal skull, characteristic that typifies the Sciaenidae family. Anterior side of paretmoides in M. ophicephalus with wide vertical process and small internal lateral dorsal process; in L. acclivis the vertical process is small and ends in two divergent branches. Nasal of M. ophicephalus with longer osseous bridge, while in L. acclivis is smaller. Absence of frontal crest in both species, and presence of two longitudinal fossae and two longitudinal osseous bridges on the outer face of M. ophicephalus and L. acclivis. With six infraorbital, including the dermoesphenotic, in M. ophicephalus and L. acclivis. External border of the M. ophicephalus pterotic with three complete osseous bridges, and L. acclivis with two complete osseous bridges and two partially incomplete osseous bridges. The posterior border of the supraoccipital of M. ophicephalus is convex, and in L. acclivis it is straight tilted backwards. Vomer edentulous in M. ophicephalus and L. acclivis. Parietal of M. ophicephalus with a small longitudinal crest. In L. acclivis with two dissimilar extrascapular on each side, while in M. ophicephalus with one on each side of the neurocranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Determine the effectiveness of the Integrated Growth and Development Strategy (ECDI, Spanish acronym) of World Vision Peru on anemia, malnutrition, psychomotor development, and child care and protection in children aged <3 years living in three rural communities of Ayacucho Region, Peru. Methods. A quasi-experiment was carried out in three rural districts of Ayacucho Region, Peru. Anemia was measured using capillary blood and the HemoCue® analyzer, with hemoglobin values adjusted for altitude. Malnutrition was measured with anthropometric indicators for height and weight, using the World Health Organization's Anthro software. Psychomotor development was measured with the Abbreviated Test of the Ministry of Health of Peru. Child care and protection was measured using a form specifically designed for this purpose. Three measurements were carried out: baseline in May 2013, midpoint in November 2013, and final in May 2014. In total, 283 children had two or more measurements including the final measurement, and 205 had all three measurements. Results. Multivariate analysis for repeated measures showed that ECDI had an estimated 33.1% effectiveness in reducing anemia (95% CI: 1.0%-54.7%), adjusted for age, sex, consumption of iron-rich foods, consumption of iron-absorption-enhancing foods, consumption of iron-absorption-inhibiting foods, having received iron supplementation in the last six months, and having participated in the Cuna Más Program. Conclusions. ECDI was effective in improving nutrition in children aged <36 months through anemia reduction and increased consumption of iron-absorption enhancers. Interventions that include educational and community monitoring components could be of great assistance to combating anemia in children aged <36 months in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Penales y Criminológicos is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the site in the productivity of 12 Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. forest plantations (replications) in a total area of 5.72 has. Plantations were distributed into 3 blocks in the Aguaytía River, located in the Ucayali Region. Direct measurements were used to evaluate the current state of the plantations and their relationship with soil and climate factors in order to identify potential places for the establishment of successful plantations. Site Index (SI), was defined as the average of the total height in meters of the higher quintile. Site Index was highly correlated to basal area, and total bark volume. Noteworthy differences were found in the plots evaluated. This allows the generation of a classification based in the Site Index. This classification is consistent with the blocks and the altitude throughout the basin in most of the cases. Growth average in the best replication resulted in a volumetric increment of up to 13.349 m³ ha-1 year-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the result of a taxonomic study of fishes found in the Putumayo river within the Putumayo River Basin in the Colombia-Peru area. Tables and details related to the diversity of families, species and the genera for the order of fishes present in the Putumayo River Basin, and a taxonomic list including the complete scientific name for each taxon, general information about its distribution, reference to a voucher in a collection and a bibliographic reference are offered.

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)