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Copyright of Galician Journal of Economics / Revista Galega de Economía is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CIE Knowledge, Research & Education Magazine / Revista Conocimiento, Investigación y Educación CIE is the property of CIE Knowledge, Research & Education Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To understand the meaning of industrial property rights and their protection, importance can only be given to what is referred to in the doctrine, but it is transcendental to take into account that current and historical legislation reflects a truly remarkable variety in its meaning and direction to starting from the constitutional text and its development in Cuban substantive law. In the article an analysis is made of the legal historical tract of how the right of industrial property has been recognized in the Cuban legal system from the colony of Spain to the current 21st century in the updating of the economic and social model in the business environment, concomitant with International Industrial Property Law. In the new century, the information and communication technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution have produced, and continue to produce, in an astonishing way, a change in the existence of humanity. The creation of new products and services surpass the previous ones that are similar to these and that in a way improve the quality of life of citizens, hence it is up to the Law to establish regulations in order to protect these individual rights and guide them according to their reality. The methods of the social sciences have been used: the historical logic in pursuit of studying the stages of the constitution on the rights of industrial property, analysis synthesis to break down the elements addressed in the article, and induction deduction. The study made it possible to determine that the legal regime on industrial property rights is not yet complete, an important group of regulations that should -by mandate of Law-complement existing regulations have not been incorporated; which produces a state of defenselessness before the performance by third parties of a series of activities authorized by the State that violate these industrial property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signos is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research aims to make reflections on the social and educational relevance of the products included in the context of the research of the stricto sensu postgraduate programs in the professional modality, linked to Chamber II - Social and Humanities in the evaluation area interdisciplinary of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The methodology used was based on bibliographic and documentary research, since we investigate the legal guidelines that cover this type of master and its products. It is remarkable that, in this process, the improvements and demands revealed in the search for articulations and interfaces with different areas of knowledge have mobilized researchers and students to incorporate innovations in their conceptions, in order to break with the asymmetries of the postgraduate studies and fragmented and sectarian perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to analyze the negative impacts that programmed obsolescence causes on consumer rights. Search to present a historical overview of this industrial and marketing practice and to seek indoctrines and judicial decisions which understanding about the legality of programmed obsolescence and its relationship with objective good faith and the right to information. The objective is to analyze the Brazilian legal framework on product obsolescence, in comparison with other countries that have policies and legislation that punish the practice. In addition, the objective is to search in national territory for express provisions or for the interpretation of general rules on the topic, as well as what is the majority jurisprudential understanding of the civil liability of the supplier for the artificial and purposeful reduction of the product's useful life without the knowledge of the consumer. Furthermore, look for answer the question if the supplier responsible is limited or not to the period established by the legal or contractual guarantee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Consumers establish connections between a product’s tangibles and intangibles attributes and the achievement of their prioritized personal human values. Human values influence food consumption both directly and indirectly. The objective of this research was to identify the structure of, and the variation in, the human values of local consumers, as well as to identify the route of influence of those human values on the consumption of aged Zacazonapan cheese. Method: Consumers aged 40 and older (n = 203) answered a descriptive survey. They first selected the 13 most important human values, followed by the 13 least important, from a list of 40. They then rated the importance of 16 tangible attributes of aged Zacazonapan cheese and indicated their consumption frequency for that cheese. Multidimensional scaling analysis was used to identify the structure of these human values. Factor analysis, using the principal component method, was used to reduce the number of human values and tangible attributes. Through multiple regressions, three correlation coefficients were obtained: a) factors of the tangible attributes and consumption (R1); b) factors of the human values and residuals of tangible attributes and consumption (R2); c) factors of the human values and consumption (R3). Results: The most important motivational values were Benevolence, Security, Universality and Hedonism. Values such as Conformity and Tradition, related to Conservation, were not prioritized. The direct influence of human values on the consumption of aged Zacazonapan cheese was 0.05 (R2-R1 or change in R), whilst the indirect influence produced a value of 0.257 (R3-Change in R). There was no significant difference identified between males and females in the resultant structure of human values (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion or Conclusion: The human values structure closely followed the model proposed by Schwartz. It was through the tangible attributes that these values influenced the consumption of aged Zacazonapan cheese. This implies that consumers mainly gave a utilitarian and instrumental meaning to the cheese, giving importance to each one of the tangible attributes of the cheese (aged cheese aroma, firmness, and fattiness) to decide on its consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research is based on the need to have a tool that guides the application of methods that contribute to optimizing the commercialization and distribution of the diversified production of vegetables in the Quevedo canton, through a study that allows determining the commercialization processes and distribution of horticultural products in the markets of the Quevedo canton, for this it is necessary to diagnose the way of marketing and distribution of the main horticultural products of the coast and mountains in the markets under study, as well as describe how horticultural products are transported and stored in the markets, and finally it will be necessary to identify the commercialization chains of horticultural products in the Cantón Quevedo. To achieve the objectives, the deductive method and the type of descriptive research will be used; in addition to the primary and secondary sources, which manage to know the current situation of the vegetable market, which will be addressed through interviews, surveys and direct observation through field visits to the merchants of the markets belonging to the Quevedo Canton. With the results of this research it is sought to contribute to the improvement of the commercialization and handling of vegetables in the Quevedo canton; whose main beneficiaries will be consumers, merchants and it is also a contribution to municipal and government authorities for decision making that contributes to the proper management of horticultural products that are distributed in the Quevedo canton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This article reports the results obtained in the evaluation and classification of substances and chemical products classified as carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in the laboratories of chemistry and construction of the Metropolitan Technological Institute- ITM. Objective: To analyze occupational health and safety practices in the handling of chemical substances and products classified as carcinogenic in the chemistry and construction laboratories of the Metropolitan Technological Institute-ITM. Materials and methods: To carry out the investigation, the inventory of reagents of the laboratories of the institution was reviewed, where IARC was used to classify the chemical substances and products cataloged as carcinogens. To determine the type of cancer produced by each substance, the Table of Occupational Diseases was used, regulated in Colombia by Decree No. 1447 of August 5, 2014, issued by the Ministry of Labor. Results: Among the main results, a total of 21 chemical substances cataloged as carcinogenic were found, 19 in the chemistry laboratory and 2 in the construction laboratory of the Robledo headquarters, determining at the same time the type of cancer that these substances could develop. Conclusions: Based on the table of occupational diseases in Colombia, it was possible to determine that the substances analyzed are effectively carcinogenic, and most of the substances determined as carcinogenic cause malignant neoplasm of bronchi and lung, in other words, bronchial cancer and lung cancer respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Panorama Económico is the property of Universidad de Cartagena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. One of the impacts of aquaculture on the environment is the production of waste (guts, skin, scales, etc.), building silo from guts can be avalid environmental option and can be used to feed other animals. Objective. The project evaluated the effect of fish viscera silage in fattening sheep. Materials and methods. 20 sheep were evaluated in two random groups, with initial average weight of 17± 2kg for a period of 5 months. They were fed on fresh Maralfalfa (Pennisetum spp) and buttercup (Tithonia diversifolia), fresh, and one group additionally received silage at a rate of 3.5% of the total diet. The animals were weighed monthly to identify weight gain. Results. The silo showed for Microbiology UFC zero, the bromatologics analysis indicates PB of 39.88%; E.E.16.8% and 5% ash; the pH was 3,5 Sex, time and silage show significant differences (p <0.05) on the weight. The interactions were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion. Preliminary results indicate that silage can be used for feeding sheep, further research is sugested to determine digestibility and other levels of inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ámbitos: Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Asociacion de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The theory of worlds of production has been largely influential in food studies since the 1990s. Worlds of production are defined as combinations of decisions taken through the interaction among producers and customers about two main issues: the use of standardized or specialized resources, and the production of generic or dedicated goods. Nevertheless, the literature based on this theory is qualitative and based on case studies of a single food cluster. This article develops a more robust methodology for sorting food clusters into the typology of worlds of production. The empirical support comes from a sample of sixteen Spanish wine districts. Twenty-one statistical indicators for each district have been calculated from open data sources: eleven indicators are related to resources and ten ones are related to goods. Seven districts belong to the interpersonal world of production. This result is consistent with the European model of wine production that highlights geographical origin as a core competitive argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the development process and the results of a research project in which was made a purchase system through a mobile application based on NFC, incorporating an algorithm that implements the k–neighbors technique that allows the system to make personalized recommendations for each client. The development process includes the selection of technologies to be used, the design of the system's architecture, testing and detailed description of the design and implementation of the algorithm, based on the contrast between the different techniques used in recommender systems. Inferring that the design of the algorithm allows greater accuracy by including various important parameters for the business logic, such as the average rating of the users, visits, and purchases of each product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advertising is accused of lying on many occasions, but these accusations become more intense when it comes to announcements of slimming products. Throughout this article we will analyze some of these ads and analyze their ethical faults, as well as any harm they pose to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, sound has become a theme of investigation in several academic fields given its importance within the activities of human being, which is why the present text aims to contribute to the anthropological and ethno-historical studies on the analysis of sonorous expressions used in the sale of products, and their implications for society. The daily sounds bombard us with information from whatever space and time we find ourselves in, they form a network of human interactions that establish codes of communication. For this reason, to analyze a social phenomenon, it is not enough to only observe, one must also listen and not elaborate mere visual descriptions of a community, but rather discover the true social facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is proposing to use a different consumption conception which could helps to amalgamate the main theoretical basis with the paradigm of sustainability. This new approach to consumption we call it consumption with social and ecological awareness. And his pretention is walking towards a more sustainable production in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oligosaccharins are natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides occurring as part of cell walls of plants and microorganisms such as fungi; however, main sources of raw materials for its large scale preparation are by products from agriculture and wasted crustacean exoskeletons from fishing industry. They have potential agricultural applications since they promote germination and plant growth, enhance crop yields and benefit symbiosis in leguminous. A great number of studies demonstrate crop protection by oligosaccharins against biotic and abiotic stress. Some oligosaccharins, such as chitosans, perform direct antimicrobial activity, this fact reinforce their application as protective agent of agricultural commodities quality. There are several international commercial products based on these macromolecules that bearing also, as an additional valor, the innocuous and biodegradable features of these compounds. The Group of Bioactive Products (GPB) from INCA has developed several oligosaccharins based products that constitute national alternatives to agro-products as plant growth regulators, enhancers of crop yields, plant protecting agents against biotic and abiotic stress and new type of biofertilizers for biological nitrogen fixation in leguminous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report documents ongoing investments of libraries in strategic technology products made in the 2014 calendar year. It covers organizations, both for-profit and nonprofit, offering strategic resource management products -especially integrated library systems and library services platforms- and comprehensive discovery products. The vendors included have responded to an extensive survey requesting many details about their organization, sales performance, and narrative explanations of accomplishments. Additional sources consulted include press releases, news articles, and other publicly available information. Most of the organizations provided lists of libraries represented in the statistics reported, allowing for more detailed analysis and validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine if the level of fibrinogen at the onset of postpartum haemorrhage is associated with bleeding severity and a higher number of complications; to determine outcome-related cut-off points. Materials and methods: Secondary analysis of a cohort study conducted with 79 mothers admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between February 1st, 2012 and January 31st, 2013, with a diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage, defined as all cases of blood loss greater than 1000 mL. Fibrinogen levels were measured at the onset of the postpartum haemorrhage. Fibrinogen values were compared between patients with severe obstetric bleeding and those with mild-to-moderate bleeding, in order to establish the correlation with severity of blood loss and complications. Results: Overall, 24.1% of the patients showed severe postpartum haemorrhage compared to 75.9% of the patients classified as having mild-to-moderate haemorrhage. There were 12 complications (15.2%), including 9 cases of acute renal injury, 2 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and one death, all of them only in patients with severe obstetric haemorrhage. Regarding the initial fibrinogen value, the AUC-ROC for fibrinogen levels and their relationship with the severity was 0.71, with a cut-off point of < 200 mg/dL to predict severity (100% positive predictive value). Conclusion: The initial fibrinogen level in obstetric postpartum haemorrhage is a predictor of severity that helps in alerting to the need for treatment in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the needs of Small and Medium enterprises ( SMEs ) are mentioned often think of that have to do with financing as low , however , deficiencies or other limitations may constitute key factors that prevent them to develop their potential a convenient and accurate way . Under this concept, the present study aims to identify the training needs with SMEs Bagaces city as priority. Due to its characteristics, this research is descriptive and is based on the opinions of a sample of 98 entrepreneurs to whom they were given a survey to find out their views. In general, according to the results of this survey, the largest number of identified training needs have to do with legal and tax support, management models and organizational development, technological and structural aspects of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Tecno Lógicas is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an experimental study carried out with twenty students from the Industrial Design School at Universidad de Los Andes in Venezuela, in order to generate a theoretical model for the semiotic dimensions within the formulation of design concepts. In order to accomplish this goal, a literature review related to the different aspects that constitute design was conducted, and a six-dimension model was created. The communicative character of this model is defined in semiotic terms and the feasibility of its theoretical dimensions tested through an analysis of the words and drawings embodied in eighty design concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias Estratégicas is the property of School of Strategic Studies - ECE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current article deals with the methodological approach that must be considered in order to develop object-based responses within the context of emergency housing. The user-focused design is an approach that involves the final user in the project decisions from the outset of the design process. The application of this methodology not only permits the identification of basic needs but also demonstrates other requirements for habitation related to more complex needs, which cannot be fulfilled without considering every aspect of the individual inhabitant (physical, psychological, emotional and cultural) in the planning of possible solutions. Here, the methodological approach and its implementation in the educational context is presented, as well as the factors to be considered when designing solutions that satisfy people's needs and requirements to improve their living conditions in an emergency situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progressive running of different educational portals needs one definition and classification for its identification, as well as, one enumeration of their usual elements to be able to set up one model of educational portal. This paper revises the main institutional of education portals of the Regional Governments to set up the level of development and to know their possible trends. Furthermore, it notices about the importance in the some added value services implementation for the support and the improvement of the educational tasks, as blogs, wikis and webquests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the axes of the policies to overcome poverty is centred on the existence of products or services with territorial identity that links territories with markets. Ramírez introduces the analysis of the economy based on identity, on the economic theory mainstream, employing the analytical categories of supply and demand in the context of the market economy. The author conceives territorial identity as an additional element to the heterogeneity of goods and services that the consumer values for the utility that they lend. On the side of the supply, the producers must face costs to be sure of the valorisation of the attributes tied to the cultural identity. The processes of adaptation to the new production demands require investments in physical, human, social and natural capital. In this way, the producers are guided towards a strategy of valorising the cultural identity only when the expected benefits outweigh the investment costs necessary to consolidate this identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out in order to prove the preference of the pioneering brands, such effect announced in the field of advertising by Ries and Trout (1981), studied in the academic research of marketing by Kardes et at. (1992, 1993) and predicted from psychology by the positioning index of Pérez-Acosta (1999, 2000). In this study participated 96 college students, divided in four groups of 24 participants each one. A group was exposed initially to mark KUH along with a tutorial software that served as vehicle of the mark. Another group was exposed to another mark (GID). The other two groups were control groups that were exposed previously neither to KUH nor to GID. In general, the control groups did not display a clear preference by some of two brands, as it was predicted. The group whose pioneering brand was KUH preferred it over GID, also in agreement with the expected results. But the group exposed previously to GID also preferred KUH. This last result, along with the analysis of the reasons exposed by the participants about their election, showed that KUH was a priori more attractive than GID, which demands future experiments with brands containing identical affective value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]