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Introduction: The objective was to establish an explanatory model of life satisfaction as a function of negative emotions mediated by the psychopathological severity index, as well as to describe and compare psychopathological symptomatology as a function of sociodemographic variables. Methodology: The research design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 1965 Peruvians of both sexes aged 17 to 71 years. The instruments used were the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Abbreviated Scale (DASS 21), Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The structural regression model shows that negative emotions have a positive effect (R2 = 64%) on the global severity index (GSI) of psychopathological symptomatology and in turn the latter has a negative impact (R2 = 23%) on the life satisfaction of Peruvians. Among the psychopathological symptoms, psychoticism (19.64%), followed by phobic anxiety (19.44%) and depression (19.03%) stand out. In the macroregions, the GSI varied between 12.54% and 19.32%, with the lowest GSI in the northeastern macroregion and the highest in the north. Conclusions: Significant differences in psychopathological symptomatology were found according to macroregions, sex, age, having children, having a family member infected or deceased by COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]