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Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Casos & Revisiones de Salud is the property of Victor Manuel Mendoza Nunez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a methodological alternative to analyze land use trajectories. It takes as a case study and prototype an analysis of changes in land use at a general level in Argentina (the Pampas region, the Northwest, the Northeast, and Cuyo, excluding the Patagonia). The objective is to obtain a map with the highest possible resolution that allows to detect the following situations: 1) areas of recent agrarian frontier expansion; 2) areas of “consolidated” agriculture, and 3) areas of recent urban expansion. This paper focuses especially on the development of the applied methodology and a first attempt to validate it. Based on data from the European Space Agency (ESA) linked to the "Climate Change Initiative-Land" (ESA-CCI-LC) for the 1992-2020 period, a clustering of land use trajectories from distances is generated by means of editing distances (used for sequence analysis). There were 29 types of pixel-level trajectories obtained, validated by visual analysis, with an acceptable performance for detection of different trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on an analytical framework that integrates poststructuralist contributions, narratology and a futures studies method (Causal Layered Analyses), the article proposes a narrative analysis of a case of Latin American populism: Kirchnerism. The analysis focuses on sequences, chronotopes, myths, metaphors and narrative voices. Three dominant chronotopes or dominant senses are identified in this discourse: the Peronist militant, the Bicentennial and the government project, which resignify the past and imagine, project and anticipate the future, through the reinterpretation of myths, the discursive creation in the interlocution and from the rituals and interventions in the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of both textual and contextual adaptation of what has been called a transnational remake, in two case studies of Latin American productions, adapted in Hollywood, the so-called capital of cinema. On textual analysis, we make sequence analysis about construction and reconstruction of spaces and personal spaces; on the context level, we address the chain of production, distribution and, exhibition. We study the tension between the transnational and the national categories that find links and differences between the cinematographic (the discursive, aesthetic or, stylistic) and the extra-cinematographic (the ideological, economic or historical). Finally, we find some indications that explain the economy field and the “cultural translation” in where has to be a safe production ground like the transnational remake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study how the intentionality to propose an experimental situation in a science lesson was mobilized. This situation initiated a didactic sequence about light that was implemented in different elementary classrooms (belonging to a socioeducational program from the City of Buenos Aires) and was conceived in a working group where teachers and researchers collaborate. We aim to explore the potentiality of this collaborative modality to promote the construction of ideas on teaching and learning science. We present a case study and we focus on the interactions between the different positions of the collaborative group members as they were involved in the co-design, implementation, and analysis of the sequence. We identified that, initially, the group discussions were centered on the material aspects of the lesson design; but, after the first implementations, the shared reflection about the classroom scenes made it possible to problematize the teachers' interventions, the interpretation of the students' ideas and the assessment of alternatives on how to promote student engagement. This motivated modifications in further implementations and redefinitions of the purpose to present the experiment in class. Finally, we were able to understand some reasons that obstruct teachers' engagement with academic research proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mirai. Estudios Japoneses is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de Género de El Colegio de México is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present reflections framed in research that studies the epistemic function of non-textual representations to learn specific contents of Biology. In this paper we describe and analyze the actions that students perform to represent when they are asked to conceive the link between proteins, synthesized at the molecular level, and their functioning at the systemic level. A qualitative study of descriptive and interpretative nature was put in place, recovering some guidelines from Didactic Engineering, which involves the conception, design, classroom implementation and analysis of a teaching sequence. The implementation was carried out in two courses of between twenty and thirty students of a Biology Teacher Training Program in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The analysis of the students' productions allows us to sustain that there is a logic present at the moment of drawing. We identified that students follow an order; select what to include and with what types of marks to do so; rely on conventional models already known; and exclude those ideas that cannot be argued orally. These dimensions of analysis are illustrated with prototypical representations of the set of elaborations that make up the empirical corpus of the research. We conclude that such actions are related to the knowledge they have of the subject and to the degree of iconicity or abstraction that the represented object presents for the person who draws, which leads us to warn of the need to continue studying the relations between the conceptual and the figurative, interpreting that such links are not biunivocal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sociología is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de Género de El Colegio de México is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes an analysis of the characteristics of the inhabitants of social housing located in the City of Buenos Aires and the effects they experience after arriving in these neighborhoods from an approach framed in the spatial mobility and biographical studies. Through the construction of a typology of the residential trajectories of the recipients of social housing from a quantitative framework of multichannel sequence analysis, the homogenizing characterization that housing policy usually employs on this population is problematized. The results show that the previous residential trajectories of the recipients present different levels of vulnerability and diverse problems against which the housing policy, ignoring such particularities, has offered a standardized solution generating mainly limited effects on these households. In this sense, residential trajectories have emerged as a differentiation mechanism that awakens unequal effects of the policy on the housing conditions of its recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective : The adaptive immune response following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not well understood. We evaluated and compared the T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire of good-grade and poor-grade SAH patients to elucidate the T cell immunology after ictus. Methods : Peripheral blood from six SAH patients was collected at two different times, admission and at the 7-day follow-up. Composition and variation of the TCR β-chain (TCRB) complimentary determining regions (CDR) 3 repertoire was examined using high-throughput sequencing; the analysis was based on sampling time and disease severity (good vs. poor-grade SAH). Results : Clonality at admission and follow-up were 0.059 (0.037–0.038) and 0.027 (0.014–0.082) (median, 25th–75th percentile). Poor-grade SAH (0.025 [0.011–0.038]) was associated with significantly lower clonality than good-grade SAH (0.095 [0.079–0.101]). Poor-grade SAH patients had higher diversity scores than good-grade SAH patients. CDR length was shorter in good-grade SAH vs. poor-grade SAH. Differences in clonotype distribution were more prominent in TCRBV gene segments than TCRBJ segments. TCRBV19-01/TCRBJ02-04 and TCRBV28-01/TCRBJ02-04 were the most increased and the most decreased V-J pairs in the 7-day follow-up compared to admission in good-grade SAH. The most increased and decreased V-J pairs in poor-grade SAH patients were TCRBV28-01/TCRBJ02-06 and TCRBV30-01/TCRBJ02-04, respectively. Conclusion : The TCRB repertoire is dynamic in nature following SAH. TCRB repertoire may facilitate our understanding of adaptive immune response according to SAH severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequence filtering is an essential step regardless of the type of technology applied for sequencing a genome, in which low-quality readings or a portion are eliminated. In an assembly, the construction of a genome is carried out from the union of short reads in contigs. Some assemblers measure the relationship between sequences of a fixed length (k-mer) that can be affected by the presence of low-quality sequences. A common approach to evaluating assemblies is based on the analysis of the number of contigs, the length of the longest contig, and the value of N50 defined as the length of the contig representing 50 % of the length of the assembly. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of crude and filtered reads on the values of the quality parameters obtained from the genome assembly of Bacillus altituidinis 19RS3 isolated from Ilex paraguariensis. The quality analysis of both starting files was performed with the FastqC software and the readings were filtered with the Trimmomatic software. The SPAdes software was used for the assembly and the QUAST tool for its evaluation. The best assembly for B. altitudinis 19RS3 was obtained from the filtered readings with the value of k-mer 79, which generated 16 contigs greater than 500 bp with a N50 of 931 914 bp and the longest contig of 966 271 bp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. To analyze the cysteine-protease (CP) gene sequences of Tritrichomonas spp. reported in GenBank, and develop a phylogenetic analysis to help clarify the possibility of transmission between species. Materials and Methods. The CP sequences of Tritrichomonas spp. available in GenBank were analyzed and aligned to identify polymorphic sites. The best nucleotide substitution model was determined, and phylogenetic trees were constructed for each gene, using Trichomonas vaginalis as an outgroup. Besides, tandem sequences of each reported pathogen were constructed to build phylogenetic trees with higher branch strength. Finally, the evolutionary divergence of the tandem repeat sequences was estimated to obtain more conclusive results. Results. The phylogenetic analysis showed the relationship that may exist between porcine T. suis and bovine T. foetus. The feline and bovine T. foetus sequences were found in separate groups; however, feline T. foetus was similar to that of bovines from Namibia. The proximity of human T. foetus to bovine and porcine T. foetus was verified. Conclusions. Phylogenetic analysis of CP sequences in different species of Tritrichomonas spp., identified relationships between bovine, porcine and human Tritrichomonas, but also between some isolated feline sequences with those of bovines, suggesting a possibility of barrier crossing between species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxia is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses History transgressions, the public mission of history and the scientific dialectic, which includes any global vision of history constitutes a genealogy of the present, select and order the events of the past in a way that leads in its sequence until the configuration of the present, almost always with the purpose, conscious or not, of justifying it.

The indigenous microflora of fish, particularly the microbial ecology of the digestive tract, has been investigated by many researchers. This is due to its assumed importance in digestion and disease control. It is known, mainly from studies of the intestinal microflora of warm blooded animals, that the bacterial population structure of the intestine influences the establishment of pathogenic micro-organisms in the intestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses of the genus Begomovirus infect crops of economic importance around the world, including pepper. To date, in Colombia there are no reports of the presence of begomoviruses infecting this crop; therefore, this research work aimed to identify the presence of viruses of this genus in pepper using molecular strategies. Around 197 pepper samples were collected in ten municipalities in Valle del Cauca. Total plant genomic DNA was extracted, and the presence of begomoviruses was detected by using PCR. In order to establish the molecular identity of the virus, fragments of 1.4 kb were amplified from samples collected in Palmira and Vijes municipalities. The fragments obtained were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. The results show that about 85.7 % of the pepper samples evaluated were positive for begomoviruses. Sequence analysis of the viral fragments of 1.4 kb showed an identity of 91.8 % among them. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the begomoviruses isolated in Vijes and Palmira showed its highest identity values (87.2 % and 86.6 %) with the passion fruit leaf distortion virus, a begomovirus that is affecting passion fruit crops in Colombia. These sequences analyze would indicate that this begomovirus isolated from pepper could be a new species that has not been reported worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a begomovirus infecting pepper crops in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Novedades en Población is the property of Universidad de La Habana, Centro de Estudios Demograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: analizar el repertorio completo de TCRs mediante la secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS) en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) en fase de brote y de remisión. Antecedentes: la EM es una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria del sistema nervioso central (SNC) mediada por una respuesta anormal del sistema inmune. Inicia con la activación de linfocitos T, que atraviesan la barrera hematoencefálica y dañan la cubierta de mielina de los nervios en el SNC. Los linfocitos se activan a través del receptor de célula T (TCR), que requiere del reconocimiento del antígeno presentado por el HLA de una célula presentadora de antígeno. Métodos: se realizó la separación de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T a partir de células mononucleares de sangre periférica de pacientes con EM. Se generaron bibliotecas de cDNA a partir del RNA obtenido de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T. Las cadenas α y β de linfocitos T fueron amplificadas y secuenciadas. Se analizó el repertorio de TCRs de pacientes con EM. Núm. de registro del protocolo:44-18 Resultados: se observó mayor índice de diversidad en pacientes en fase de remisión que en fase de brote en poblaciones de células mononucleares y en poblaciones aisladas de linfocitos. Hay mayor número de clonotipos compartidos entre pacientes en fase de remisión.Se observó el predominio de segmentos V diferentes a los reportados Conclusiones: los resultados muestran una expansión oligoclonal con menor índice de diversidad en pacientes en fase de brote que en remisión, sugiriendo su posible participación en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: identificar enhancers activos en células troncales embrionarias (hESC) y neuronas dopaminérgicas del mesencéfalo (nDa) diferenciadas in vitro Antecedentes: los enhancers son elementos reguladores capaces de controlar la expresión génica de manera muy precisa y se hipotetiza que el órgano con más enhancers específicos es el cerebro. Sin embargo, no existen datos suficientes para identificar enhancers activos en nDA humanas, un tipo celular de gran importancia médica por tratarse del principal tipo celular afectado en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Los enhancers activos se caracterizan por estar enriquecidos en las modificaciones de histonas H3K27ac y H3K4me1. La técnica más usada para mapear modificaciones de histonas es la Inmunoprecipitación de cromatina seguida de secuenciación (ChIP-Seq). Sin embargo, este técnica es muy cara, pues cada muestra requiere una gran cantidad de células (>1M) y ser secuenciada a una gran profundidad (>20M de lecturas). En años recientes (2019) se desarrolló otra técnica para el mapeo de modificaciones de histonas: el CUT&Tag, técnica que se basa en la actividad de una transposasa hiperactiva (Tn5) dirigida por un anticuerpo; esta técnica tiene ventajas con respecto a ChIP-Seq, pues requiere una baja cantidad de células (1000- 500,000) y baja profundidad de secuenciación (<10M). Métodos: diferenciamos hESC de la línea H9GFP (D0) hacia nDA (D28) mediante un protocolo previamente reportado y realizamos ChIP-Seq para las marcas H3K27ac y H3K4me1 en ambos estadios de diferenciación (D0 y D28). Generamos, purificamos y caracterizamos enzima Tn5, necesaria para realizar CUT&Tag, y mapeamos mediante esta técnica las modificaciones H3K27ac y H3K4me1 en hESC. Comparamos bioinformaticamente los mapas generados por ambas técnicas. Núm. de registro del protocolo: 122/16 Resultados: generamos librerías exitosas tanto paro los ChIP-Seq como para los CUT&Tag. Las librerías de CUT&Tag requirieron muy pocas células (200,000) y se secuenciaron a una profundidad baja (10,000,000 de lecturas). Conclusiones: la técnica de CUT&Tag tiene muchas ventajas metodológicas y económicas con respecto a ChIP-Seq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) were obtained and analyzed from 2208 randomly selected clones containing plasmids with cDNA inserts derived from a Babesia bigemina library. The obtained sequences were extracted and subject to Blast homology search in the Genbank databases. Sequence homology analysis resulted in the identification of 470 clones (grouped in 267 distinct clusters) which contained EST with no significant sequence identity with Babesia sp genes or other Apicomplexan parasites. Presumably, these EST would correspond either to new, unreported B. bigemina transcribed genes present in the erythrocyte stages of the parasite, or to non-translated sequences of the putative genes. 21 clones were identified which contained EST corresponding to 6 genes coding for B. bigemina antigens already reported in the literature; 1285 clones (grouped in 159 clusters of distinct sequences) had significant sequence identity with genes coding for hypothetical proteins previously identified in the Babesia bovis genome. Moreover, 32 clones had EST corresponding to 16 different Theileria sp. genes; 51 clones (26 distinct sequences) showed EST with sequence similarity to genes of Plasmodium sp., 25 EST had low identity with 13 different Toxoplasma gondii genes; and 4 clones with EST for 4 different Cryptosporidium sp genes. The results obtained, in addition to EST analysis of a larger number of B. bigemina cDNA clones, will allow the characterization and, eventually, the manipulation of gene coding regions, essential for the establishment of improved control strategies for cattle babesiosis caused by B. bigemina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Berriasian-Aptian stratigraphic sections of the Sabinas Basin, northeast Mexico, show three major unconformities as second order sequence boundaries. Every sequence includes transgressive-regressive tracts and a maximum flooding zone. From the Chihuahua Basin to the Tampico Basin there are transgressive-regressive tracts placed at the same age and stratigraphic level, which are correlative to the Sabinas sections. The previous sequence boundaries may have a subordinate tectonic component, but sequence analysis indicates that these sequences are due to variations mostly linked to eustatic changes in sea level globally, as mentioned by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The knowledge of the genome in domestic species has allowed the selection of important characteristics for production and the development of molecular techniques used for animal genetic improvement. The objective of this review is to present the methodology used for sequencing the bovine genome, describe some findings of the genome structure and to introduce the main discoveries of the Bovine Genome Project. The main tools and methodologies used for sequencing the genome are described. Also, the main perspectives that from this knowledge arise for the development of veterinary medicine and animal production are discussed. Emphasis is put on the importance of the use of these strategies of study, the evolutionary comparisons and the search of bovine genes for important characteristics in production and quantitative trait loci. Annotated genes up to date, the synteny of genes between species and the best-described chromosomes are included. Finally a summary of the main perspectives from using this knowledge in the field of production, the knowledge of the bovine genome, the consequences in the comparative study among species and the genetic improvement of species is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]