Search

In our essay we examine the different introduction models that are practiced in preschool. The central question is if the different models have any importance (or consequences) for the children’s connection in preschool. In the two different cases we will present, one based upon preparatory training that was applied during the 1990s and another that is currently used today. The purpose with this essay was to get a deeper understanding for the child’s attachment to preschool and for how we, as educators should act during the preparatory training to create a secure foundation for the child. Something we found out was that the educationist relation and behavior towards the child is of great importance in the development of a secure environment in preschool. Some central concepts that is important for the educationist relation to the child perceptive, interaction, and practical sense. Even the communication between the educationist and the parents during preparatory training is of great importance to create a secure foundation for the child in preschool. In our essay, we interviewed two authors, Gunilla Niss and Anna–Karin Söderström. We have selected these authors because they have interesting and informed reflections on the induction and attachment in preschool.

This dissertation contributes to the study of educational change and the conditions thereof. During the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, Swedish early care and education (ECE) programs underwent a comprehensive transformation as formal instruction was supplanted by early childhood education. My analysis of this transformation utilizes a comparatively long time-frame, an organizational historical perspective, and archival material from 44 ECE societies. It focuses on three types of ECE programs: infant schools, day nurseries, and kindergartens. Since philanthropic societies organized such programs, this study’s results are also of interest to the history of philanthropy. Early childhood education was established through a selection and adaptation process in which existing ECE programs were closed or changed as new ones were established. My investigation demonstrates that this occurred on the basis of the conditions in which individual ECE programs operated. Factors that stand out in this regard are the debate concerning infant schools, the funding of ECE programs, and the expansion of the mandatory elementary education system, together with changes in the dissemination of ideas about education and the establishment of municipal regulations. How these conditions contributed to educational change constitutes the substance of the dissertation. The results of this dissertation deepen our knowledge of the finances of ECE programs, their organizational niche, and their relations with municipal authorities. This study questions the significance for educational change within these programs that has been attributed to the growth of a romantic conception of childhood. It provides a new picture of the role of the kindergarten movement in this regard and ascribes to day nurseries a previously unobserved role in educational change. This dissertation thereby contributes to a revision of recurrent assumptions concerning educational change and of the connection between such change and general societal or ideological structures.

Syftet är att undersöka vad rutinerad daghemspersonal anser vara normalt eller onormalt sexuellt beteende hos femåringar. Femton intervjuer genomfördes med personal spridda över en större svensk stads daghem.Resultaten tyder på att det är personliga uppfattningar och inställning till sexualitet som är det avgörande i fråga om vad som bedöms som normalt eller onormalt.Generellt menar personal att sexuellt beteende inom de olika kategorierna pratsexualitet, kunskap, frågor och funderingar, litteratur, se och visa upp sig, onani, intim beröring, lekar, förälskelse, teckningar är normalt om inte vanligt förekommande. Det var inom kategorierna onani, intim beröring och sexuella lekar som personals åsikter om vad som kan anses normalt/onormalt skilde sig mest åt., Fifteen interview were made with daycare personnel from different daycare centres in a Swedish town. The results suggest that personal opinions and attitudes to sexuality are influencing what is considered normal or abnormal.

Syftet är att studera aggressionsbeteenden på daghem. En grupp om 20 barn observerades under tre veckor. Till resultaten hörde att antal barn och åldern inte påverkade antal aggressionshändelser. Pojkarna skapade fler aggressionshändelser per individ än flickorna och flickorna blev mest drabbade. Flest händelser inträffade på lekplatsen ute under fri lek. Det mest framträdande aggressionsförloppet var att aggression ledde till motaggression som ledde till verbal tillsägelse som ledde till beteendeförändring., The purpose is to investigate aggressive behaviors in day nursery. A group with 20 children was observed during three weeks. Among the results were that number of children and age did not influence number of episodes. The boys created more aggressive episodes than the girls and the girls were most subjected. Most episodes occurred on the playground outside during free play.The most common course of events was that aggression was followed by counter aggression that was followed by verbal order that led to change of behavior., Bo Edvardsson var handledare till rapporten.

Barns aggressiva beteenden studerades på två daghem under 15 dagar (120 timmar). Totalt 48 aggressionshändelser noterades under denna tidsperiod. Ett par resultat var att händelserna till 43 procent bedömdes som verbala och att fysiskt våld föörekom vid 13 procent. Den övervägande mängden fysiskt våld stod pojkarna för. Totalt bedömdes 24 stycken olika aggressionsmönster förekomma och 51 bedömdes kopplade till frustration., Children´s aggressive behaviors were observed in two day nurseries during 15 days (120 hours). Most aggressive behaviors were verbal and most of the physical aggression was shown by boys. 24 different patterns of aggression were observed., På det ena daghemmet användes videokamera som hjälpmedel vid observationerna.

Syftet är att studera daghemsbarns sexualitet i åldrarna 2 - 5 år. I en stor stad valdes 11 daghem ut slumpmässigt bland över 100 st. I fas I intervjuades en slumpmässigt vald personal på varje daghem för att utröna vilka sexuella beteenden som förekommer och hur de bemöts. I fas II skattade ytterligare två slumpvis valda personer från varje daghem vanligheten för respektive ålder och kön gällande de beteenden som framkom i den första fasen. Sammanlagt deltog därmed 33 personal. I den explorativa fasen framkom nio beteenden: pratsexualitet, onani, samlagsrörelser, tar på personalen-intim beröring, förälskelse mellan pojke och flicka, jaga-lek, leka sexuella lekar, teckningar och visa sitt kön för andra. För några beteenden fanns en tendens till ökning med åldern och några ökade inte., The purpose is to study sexual behavior of children in day nursery (2 - 5 years old). 33 personnell from 11 day nurseries participated with interviews and ratings. Nine categories of sexual behavior were found. Some of these increased with age., På DiVA finns även inlagt Bo Edvardsson (2011) Normala sexuella beteenden hos barn (med referenslista). Södergård (1998). Intima kroppsberöringar och intimt tal mellan föräldrar och barn; Falk & Ranta (1995). Minnen av barndomens sexualitet; Ljessnoj (1996) Daghemspersonals åsikter om normalt och onormalt sexuellt beteende hos femåringar. Det finns även en bok av Tore Langfelt (1987) Barns sexualitet. (Natur och Kultur). En del av socialtjänstens utredare skulle nog behöva läsa de här nämnda skrifterna. Det finns basfrekvenser av sexuella beteenden i barnpopulationer.