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This essay is a humble attempt to shed some rays of light on the cultural history of the practice of using ice cubes in drinks, its past, present and to some extent future. Departing from the author’s travel documentation from trips to the US and examples from Sweden from the internet, literature, archives and interviews it aims to share reflections on the normalization and translatability to different cultural contexts of the use of ice cubes. It also provides a couple of examples of failed translations and some reflections on the future of ice cubes in an era of environmental crisis. Well aware that there are many stories to be told about ice cubes, the hope is that this essay will arouse interest and curiosity of this tiny object and its possibility to open up perspectives on our society and its history.

Introduksjon: Tidlig mobilisering av intensivpasienter har vist seg å ha gunstig effekt, blant annet redusert respiratortid, redusert varighet av delirium og forbedret muskelstyrke etter intensivoppholdet. Mobilisering av intensivpasienter er trygt, men er avhengig av forberedelser og kunnskap hos personale som gjennomfører prosedyren. Ved å bruke et validert mobiliseringsverktøy kan pasientens fysiske funksjonsnivå følges på en systematisk måte, og samtidig gi muligheter for å sammenligne egen praksis med andre gjennom forskning. ICU mobility scale er et skåringsverktøy som er enkelt å bruke for intensivsykepleiere i vurdering og dokumentasjon av intensivpasientens mobiliseringsgrad. Verktøyet krever begrenset opplæring før det kan tas i bruk og er kompatibel med elektronisk kurve. ICU mobility scale har vist seg å ha en høy grad av pålitelighet i vurdering av pasientens mobiliseringsgrad. Verktøyet kan med fordel benyttes til forordning av daglige mål for mobiliseringsnivå og dermed bidra til å gi behandlingsteamet et definert, felles mål. Hensikt. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er å gjøre den norske versjonen av ICU mobility scale kjent og tilgjengelig for intensivsykepleiere i Norge. Samtidig ønsker vi å vise prosessen med oversettelse av et verktøy til norsk ved hjelp av internasjonale retningslinjer. Metode. Vitenskapelig oversettelse og kulturell tilpasning etter anerkjente retningslinjer. Konklusjon. ICU mobility scale er et pålitelig verktøy som er enkelt å bruke for sykepleiere på intensivavdelinger. Verktøyet kan bidra til å vurdere og dokumentere pasientens evne til mobilisering på en systematisk måte og kan også brukes til å ordinere daglige mål for mobiliseringsnivå. ICU mobility scale brukes i stor grad internasjonalt, og bruken gir mulighet for å sammenligne seg med hvordan andre intensivavdelinger mobiliserer sine pasienter og vise effekten av dette. Vi anbefaler at den norske versjonen av ICU mobility scale blir implementert i norske intensivavdelinger.

Abstract This article analyses four 18th-century poems on the issues of theodicy and a moral world order, which were central to Enlightenment discourse and to figureheads such as Bayle, Leibniz, Voltaire and Hume. Theodicy was discussed in the leading countries of culture, England and France, as well as in peripheral countries like Switzerland and Sweden. The main focus is on the Swedish poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. A comparison of Nordenflycht’s poems with those of Pope, von Haller and Voltaire makes clear that Nordenflycht actively engaged with the works of these leading figures, thus contributing to the worldview debate in the Enlightenment era.

A basic task for shop owners on the new market for retro and vintage is to do away with associations to mess and squalor. This article shows how this transformation of secondhand objects and shops from scruffy flea markets to trendy boutiques is made by the use of strategies of removing, shop making and creating flows and channels. Theoretical inspiration is drawn from studies of the “qualification” of goods and of the managing of overflows. The field is central Gothenburg; the methods are ethnographic including onsite observations in 22 shops, interviews with shopkeepers and staff, photo and online documentations.

The Subject Pedagogical Process: The Interdependence of Literary Theory and Subject Pedagogy in Comparative Literature. This article examines and discusses how the conception of literary pedagogical content knowledge, and pedagogy of literature have changed and shifted in Sweden over the last few decades. I also try to indicate some possible future directions for a continuous “subject pedagogical process” for the discipline of Comparative Literature. All over the (Western) world, the need to develop the educational field of what is, after Lee S. Shulman, labelled pedagogical content knowledge is becoming an increasingly urgent concern. In this developing process I, after Sigmund Ongstad, propose as a working definition: pedagogical content knowledge deals with the identity of the university subject in question, with its role in society and with the act of communicating it on different levels and in different situations – for example in educational contexts and in mass media. I argue that, as educators and trainers of teachers-to-be, and as scholars of the discipline of Comparative Literature, we need to develop the field of literary pedagogical content knowledge in an active and conscious way. The development of pedagogical content knowledge must be conducted by the discipline itself and not by the discipline of educational studies. To develop pedagogical content knowledge is to continuously remould the discipline in question to secure the utmost relevance for individuals as well as for society. To engage in the activity of pedagogical content knowledge is to be conscious of the fact that no subject is eternally-given and self-evident. When you engage in reflections on the meaning and relevance of a university and school discipline you are engaging in questions of pedagogical content knowledge. Pedagogical content knowledge is akin to and dependent on subject theory. It should comprise a continuous and conscious meta-reflection upon the subject in question and upon its material, in relationship to society and to human beings. To engage in the developing of pedagogical content knowledge is to take on responsibility for the subject’s content and for its communication in an ever changing society.

This article discusses how nostalgia is used as an affective device on the expanding market for retro and vintage to increase the value of the objects for sale and attract customers. Theoretically it draws on theories of markets as performative and constructed by the help of practices, technologies and devices and from an understanding of affect as material and relational. The reader is guided to Magasinsgatan in central Gothenburg, a narrow street crowded with retro and vintage boutiques. Four devices were found to be used by the shop owner: nostalgic memory work, nostalgic fixturing, nostalgic storytelling and nostalgic practices. Together they provide examples of how nostalgia is used as one of many market mechanisms for generating ‘a value of the unique’ and ‘a taste for the past’ (Karpic 2010) of the retro and vintage objects for sale.

This issue is about carryology: the way we transport our stuff, and the techniques and tools we use. In seven articles the reader is presented with the history of carrying: from luxurious trunks for female travelers hundred years ago to the plastic bottles, bags, strollers, bikes and clothing we use as indispensable carriers of our stuff today

This essay argues that the stroller has many other carryology functions than simply carrying the baby and that these functions have multiplied both in number and multifunctionality during the past hundred years. The first technology was the hook in the forties that multiplied to two in the sixties. Later on came the shopping basket followed by the shopping bag, the diaper bag, the mug holder and a number of accessories to enhance mobile modern parenthood, and mirroring the transformation of the housewife to an urban individual with many roles and identities, including parenthood.

The article describes walk-alongs as part of the project Consumer Logistics. The project is a collaboration between Swedish, French and British researchers, united by an interest to study the performance of everyday logistics: people carrying their gadgets and purchases from shop to home.

In this article birthday party rituals at McDonald's are studied as hybrids of orderings of different actors: the company eager to create loyal customers, or at least to offer an event worth paying for, the parents wanting some relief, the children wanting to play and have fun, the staff eager to perform their professionalism, and the marketing agency wanting to promote their event concept. What looks like a smoothly running event following a consistent party manual, appears to consist of several competing orderings, or programs and anti-programs (Latour, 2000), offering different peak moments, sacrifices and gains for the actors involved.

Recensioner av: Nick Lee: Childhood and Society: Growing Up in the Age of Uncertainty. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2001 & Nick Lee & Rolland Munro (eds.): The Consumption of Mass. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001 Gottdiener, Mark (ed.): New Forms of Consumption; Consumers, Culture and Commodification. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher, 2000. Merryn Hutchings, Márta Fülöp och Anne-Marie Van den dries: Young People's Understanding of Economic Issues in Europe. Stoke on Trent, UK and Sterling USA: Trentham Books, 2002. Ann Satterthwaite: Going Shopping. Consumer Choices and Community Consequences. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Karin Becker, Erling Bjurström, Johan Fornäs, Hillevi Ganetz (red.), Medier och människor i konsumtionsrummet. Nora: Nya Doxa 2002.

Fears of McDonald's as a homogenizing force, which lies at the heart of the McDonaldization thesis, were followed by an interest in hybridity, creolization and glocalism. Recently researchers inspired by post-structuralism have criticized these concepts, advocating that culture should be understood as changing and in constant flux, that places occur where people's routes meet (Clifford 1997). Following British geographer Philip Crang (1996) a McDonald's restaurant could be understood as a cross-road for a number of tales about the company and its products. In this articles tales about the brand, the Golden Arches, are presented, the brand as conqueror, as destroyer. The company's use of postmodern marketing strategies is discussed and the new marketing concept Big love promising a new authenticity, openness and transparency is presented.

Recension av: Leila Ahmed: A Border Passage. From Cairo to America — A Woman's Journey. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999. Ulla Carlsson (red.): Medierna i samhället. Kontinuitet och förändring. Stockholm: Nordicom, 1999. Thomas Hylland Eriksen: Etnicitet och nationalism. Nora: Nya Doxa, 1998. Scott Lash: Another Modernity: A Different Rationality. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. Robert Layton: Antropologisk teori. Nora: Nya Doxa, 1999. Shirley R. Steinberg & Joe L. Kinchloe: Kinderculture: The Corporate Construction of Childhood. Boulder, Colorado/Oxford, UK: Westview Press, 1998.

The present article treats the view of motherhood held by two generations of middle-class women: the so-called generation of 1968, and those born in the 1960s. As parents, the generation of 1968 had taken on an ambitious project ⁠— to "free" their children from authoritarian structures, teach them to penetrate and reveal the abuse of power, grow less egoistic and display a greater degree of solidarity. In contrast, the maternal role which these women assume (based on the symbiosis between mother and child, where the child often had the last say), seems remarkably reactionary. Two dominant perceptions of the day can have contributed to this situation: the conviction that equality in couple relationships could easily be achieved by parents exchanging roles with one another, and the dominant socio-psychologically/psychoanalytically coloured discourse dealing with the fact that it was the "duty" of each mother to correctly understand and fulfill every need expressed by the child from the moment of its birth. These perceptions were not challenged by the mothers during the course of the interviews. However, that the mother-child symbiosis is nowadays taken somewhat less for granted and has been made the object of reflection can be noted in the interviews conducted with mothers born during the 1960s. Motherhood, in the form of a symbiotic relationship between mother and child, can even be perceived as a threat to the self, an obstacle to individual liberty. The members of the younger generation appear to be struggling to be allowed to "be themselves" in an entirely different manner ⁠— even in terms of their maternal role.