Search

Mental health in Sweden is on the decline, with young people reporting the poorest outcomes. Reports show how schools fail in their preventive work when dealing with mental illness and that the burden of responsibility falls mainly on teachers who are forced to take initiative and thus are behind the few efforts that are made. The purpose of the study is to contribute with increased knowledge about how teachers are affected by their students’ struggle with mental health. Using an activity-pedagogical and social-cognitive theoretical approach and with qualitative content analysis, the results of five qualitative interviews with Swedish secondary school teachers are examined. The results of this study find that teachers are reporting a decline in mental health in their students and that they feel the weight of responsibility in dealing with this very complex issue. The results show that teachers tend to seek help and support via their teacher colleagues rather than the mental health professionals in the student health team. The interviews also showed that teachers in a lot of cases can tell early on when their students are experiencing symptoms of mental illness and in doing so take it upon themselves to adapt their planning and teaching to facilitate the student’s learning. Mental illness is however not considered when grading. Teachers are missing the resources to support students in mental illness and the burden of responsibility needs to be shared with professionals who are trained in and equipped with dealing with mental health.

In the age of digitalization several new ways of creating immaterial property have sprung up due to the resurgence of artificial intelligence (AI). This has paved the way for different kinds of tech including the assistance of AI in a more normalized way. A prominent variation of this tech is called "deepfake". Deepfakes are a technology that essentially places your face, likeness, mannerisms, and voice onto new situations that the creator then steers to make the deepfake do or say things that the person whose deepfake is based on hasn't done or said. This technology has been used in a myriad of ways all from humourous content to extorsion and revenge porn. The aim of this master thesis is to analyse how immaterial law protection is achieved through current Swedish immaterial law principles and how these fit within the context of heavily based AI-tech such as deepfakes. This is done through a dogmatic lens meaning that a systematization and mapping of both Swedish and EU based laws and praxis are done as well as discussing the current thoughts on AI-assistance throughout the creative process. Another subject that is touched upon is the parody exception in immaterial law and the concept of adaptation and how these work with and apply to AI-based creations. Part of the problems that we face right now is that we have no existing legal parameters to solve the problem of larger AI-involvement in creative processes, this is certainly going to change how we view copyright law today. When comparing and using EU as well as Swedish praxis to analyze the AI-problem a common denominator is that all copyright law and praxis is based around the presumption that there needs to be a human involved in the majority of the creative process. AI already exists as a part of many creative processes today without any questions asked, however when the AI-part is more significant in the process the question becomes complicated when paired with traditional copyright law perspectives. Howevwer, some discussions have been going on in both Swedish and EU legal spheres, mostly in the EU who are going to legislate more in the field of AI. In Sweden there have been no legislative processes when it comes to AI in copyright law however there have been some governmental organisations and essays that have shed a light on the matter. I conclude this master thesis by writing about the findings of each question as has been mentioned above, namely that AI becomes a significant factor in deciding if a deepfake achieves copyright protection or not and the same can be said about parodies. After this I make a concluding analysis of the urgency of a need for laws that tackle AI in the area of immaterial laws listing other areas that might need it more than immaterial laws as has been explored throughout this thesis as well and that Sweden need to take part in every discussion about this to form a sustainable legal framework for AIs in the context of immaterial laws. This will open up for a clear framework when assessing different technologies that use AI like deepfakes as well.

Sammanfattning Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi III, Organisation 15 hp, 2FE74E, Ekonomihögskolan Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar, VT 2022. Författare: Elisabeth Nilsson, Ellen Sagerström & Lina Matzewska Handledare: Annika SchillingExaminator: Mikael LundgrenTitel: Ledarskapets anpassning vid hybridarbete - En kvalitativ studie om ledarskap vid kombinerat arbete på plats och distans ur ett chefsperspektiv Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och förklara hur chefer anpassar sitt ledarskap vid ett kombinerat arbete på plats och distans, ett så kallat hybridarbete. Samt vilka förutsättningar som kan göra anpassningen framgångsrik. Metod: En studie som beskriver ledarskapets anpassning ur ett chefsperspektiv genomförd med en induktiv forskningsansats. Datainsamlingen har skett genom en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med semistrukturerade intervjuer där nio chefer från sex organisationer har varit delaktiga. Slutsats: Studien har visat att chefer anpassar sitt ledarskap vid hybridarbete genom: ledarskap under ökad frihet & ett större förtroende, ett mer observerande ledarskap, tydligare mål, visioner & förväntningar, en ökad tillgänglighet, ett öppnare sinne till förändring samt upprätthållning av relationen mellan chef och medarbetare. Följt av förutsättningar som kan göra anpassningen framgångsrik: fungerande teknologi, digitala arbetsverktyg, ett lättillgängligt informationsforum, en allt mer planerad kommunikation och att integrera virtuellt för att upprätthålla relationen mellan chef och medarbetare. Nyckelord: ledarskap, anpassningar, förutsättningar, hybridarbete, chefsperspektiv. Abstract Bachelor Thesis Business Administration III, Organization 15 hp, 2FE74E, School of Economics Linnaeus University in Kalmar, Spring 2022. Authors: Elisabeth Nilsson, Ellen Sagerström & Lina Matzewska Advisor: Annika SchillingExaminator: Mikael LundgrenTitle: Leadership's adaptation at hybrid work - A qualitative study on leadership in combined work at physical workplace and remotely from a managerial perspective Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to describe and explain how managers adapt their leadership in a combined work at physical workplace and remotely, a hybrid work. As well as which conditions that can make the adaptation successful. Method: A study describing the adaptation of leadership from a managerial perspective conducted with an inductive research approach. The data collection has been done through a qualitative research strategy with semi-structured interviews in which nine managers from six organizations have participated. Conclusion: The study has shown that managers adapt their leadership in hybrid work through: leadership under increased freedom & major trust, more observant leadership, clearer goals, visions & expectations, increased availability, open minded for change and maintaining the relationship between manager and employee. Followed by conditions that can make the adaptation successful which are: functional technology, digital work tools, an easily accessible information forum, an increasingly planned communication and to integrate virtually for the purpose of maintaining the relationship between manager and employee. Keywords: leadership, adaptations, conditions, hybrid work, managerial perspective.

Several studies show that physical activity has positive effects for children with autism. Therefore, I chose to investigate the form of adaptions student in autism spectrum in the subject of sports and health and what conditions the physical education teachers have to create a favorable environment for student with autism. Through a qualitative research method with teachers in physical education and health, the material has been collected with semi structured interviews. The results show how teachers adapt teaching to student with autism spectrumdisorders. Physical education and health teachers work in different ways. The adaption can consist of preparation, the student’s special interests, structure, participation/involvement, andclarity in the teaching. Based on the discussion, all students are different and the teachers need to adapt the student’s needs. Flertal studier visar att fysisk aktivitet har positiva effekter för barn med autism. Därför valde jag att undersöka vilken form av anpassningar elever inom autismspektrumet i ämnet idrott och hälsa och vilka förutsättningar idrottslärarna har för att skapa en gynnsam miljö för elever med autism. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med lärare inom idrott och hälsa har materialet samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer. I resultatet framkommer det hur lärarna anpassar undervisningen till elever med autismspektra. Idrott och hälsa lärarna arbetar på olika sätt för att anpassa undervisningen. Anpassningen kan bestå av förberedelser, elevensspecialintressen, struktur, delaktighet/involvering samt tydlighet i undervisningen. Utifrån diskussionen är alla elever olika och lärarna behöver anpassa elevens behov.

This study aims to contribute with increased knowledge about how teaching and learning environment can be designed to increase the conditions for children with autism to achieve the knowledge requirements for reading comprehension in Swedish grade 3, by examining how some elementary teachers describe that they adapt method and environment for students with autism. Theoretical framework consists of Rogoff's socio-cultural theory that all learning can be analyzed through three different lenses: the cultural, the interpersonal and the individual, which together provide a holistic view of learning. Additional key concepts are scaffolding, mediation, the proximal development zone and appropriation. The study is based on a qualitative approach and the basis for data collection is written questionnaires combined with a focus group. The focus group discussion was recorded and transcribed. Transcription and questionnaire responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis model. The results show that it is required that the teacher has knowledge of autism, and that there are organizational conditions, for students with autism to be able to receive support and adaptations that correspond to the student's needs. Adaptations regarding the learning environment that are highlighted in the results are screens in the classroom, ear protectors, image support, schedules on the bench and at the board, support for time perception, active work with energy regulation, and digital aids. Teaching methods for increased reading comprehension ability that are lifted are to stop when reading and discuss, to think aloud, use image support, create pre-understanding in the student, and to give the student reading comprehension tools. In addition to adaptations in the learning environment and teaching, a need for support in social contexts for students with autism is also raised, and the importance of all adjustments being made in a way that does not have stigmatizing effects. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med ökad kunskap kring hur undervisning och lärandemiljö kan utformas för att öka förutsättningarna för barn med autism att uppnå kunskapskraven för läsförståelse i svenska årskurs 3, genom att undersöka hur några grundlärare beskriver att de anpassar metod och miljö för elever med autism. Teoretiskt ramverk utgörs av Rogoffs sociokulturella teori om att allt lärande går att analysera genom tre olika linser: den kulturella, den mellanmänskliga och den individuella, som tillsammans ger en helhetssyn på lärande. Ytterligare centrala begrepp är scaffolding, mediering, den proximala utvecklingszonen och appropriering. Studien bygger på kvalitativ ansats och som grund för datainsamling ligger skriftliga enkäter tillsammans med en fokusgrupp. Fokusgruppens diskussion spelades in och transkriberades. Transkribering och enkätsvar analyserades genom en tematisk analysmodell. Resultatet visar att det krävs att läraren har kunskap om autism och att det finns organisatoriska förutsättningar för att elever med autism ska kunna få stöttning och anpassningar som motsvarar elevens behov. Anpassningar gällande lärmiljön som lyfts i resultatet är skärmar i klassrummet, hörselkåpor, bildstöd, scheman på bänken och vid tavlan, stöd för tidsuppfattning, aktivt arbete med energireglering, samt digitala hjälpmedel. Undervisningsmetoder för ökad läsförståelseförmåga som lyfts är att stanna upp vid läsning och diskutera, att tänka högt, använda bildstöd, skapa förförståelse hos eleven, samt att ge eleven läsförståelseverktyg. Utöver anpassningar i lärmiljö och undervisning lyfts även ett stödbehov i sociala sammanhang för elever med autism, samt vikten av att alla anpassningar görs på ett sätt som inte får stigmatiserande effekter.

Psoriasis är en hudsjukdom som syns på grund av dess röda och fjällande hudflagor på huden. Sjukdomen beror på både miljö- och genetiska faktorer. Det kan vara både psykiskt och fysiskt påfrestande att leva med diagnosen eftersom sjukdomen innebär en livslång behandling men går inte att bota. Vårt syfte är att undersöka hur personer med psoriasis accepterar sin livssituation. Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie. Resultatet visade på att personer med psoriasis kan acceptera sin livssituation med hjälp av familj och vänner, social samhörighet och genom anpassningar i deras liv. Detta genom att de drabbade fick stöd från närstående och kunde prata ut med andra personer som befann sig i samma situation, då var det enklare att acceptera sin livssituation. Förmågan att kunna koppla bort negativa kommentarer och fokusera på sin inre krets istället var till hjälp. Genom att belysa hur personer med psoriasis upplever sin livssituation kan det underlätta till acceptans hos den drabbade. Psoriasis is a skin disease that is visible due to its red and scaly skin flakes on the skin. The disease is due to both environmental and genetic factors. It can be both mentally and physically stressful to live with the diagnosis because the disease involves a lifelong treatment but can not be cured. Our purpose is to investigate how people with psoriasis accept their disease. The method used was a general literature study. The result showed that people with psoriasis can accept their life situation with family and friends, social cohesion and through adjustments in their lives. This because the victims were given support from related people and were able to communicate with other people who were in the same situation, it was easier to accept their life situation. The ability to disconnect negative comments and focus on their inner circle instead was helpful. By highlighting how people with psoriasis experience their life situation, it can facilitate acceptance of the victim.

Skolan har ett viktigt uppdrag när det kommer till extra anpassningar. Både svensk och internationell forskning lägger fokus på samarbete bland alla skolans professioner i utformningen av olika stödåtgärder (Scherp & Scherp, 2007; Hernandez, 2013; m.fl.). Lärare i denna studie utrycker vikten av att ett sådant samarbete. Detta samarbete ska enligt dem inte bara gälla lärare emellan, utan samtlig personal på skolan. I denna studie framkommer det att de intervjuade lärarna hade en mer bred uppfattning av begreppet extra anpassningar, än vad som anges i Skolverkets allmänna råd på området (Skolverket, 2014a). Denna mer breda uppfattning handlade inte bara om elever i svårigheter utan kan snarare kopplas samman med begrepp som allmänna anpassningar, eller individuella anpassningar. De ser anpassningar i allmänna ordalag som extremt viktiga för att alla elevers möjligheter till utveckling och lärande. Exempel på mer allmänna anpassningar var anpassningar för elevernas intresse och anpassningar för studiemotiverade elever. I denna studie framträder även läraryrkets dubbla uppdrag tydligt. Detta dubbla uppdrag handlar om att få eleverna att utvecklas mot kunskapskraven och ett demokratiskt fostrande uppdrag. Det framkommer att lärarna upplever båda dessa uppdrag som drivande i deras anpassningsarbete, vilket blir särskilt tydligt inom ämnet samhällskunskap. The school has an important assignment when it comes to additional adaptations. Both Swedish and international research focuses on cooperation among all the schools' professions in the making of various support measures (Scherp & Scherp, 2007; Hernandez, 2013; m.fl.). Teachers in this study emphasize the importance of such cooperation. According to them, this cooperation should not only apply to teachers, but to all staff active within the school organisation. In this study, it is found that the interviewed teachers had a broader idea of the concept of additional adaptations then what is stated in Skolverkets Education's general advice on the subject in question (Skolverket, 2014). This broader view was not only about students with difficulties, but could rather be linked to concepts such as general adaptations, or individual adaptations. They see adaptations in general terms as extremely important for all pupils' opportunities for development and learning. Examples of more general adaptations were adaptations for student interests and adaptations for more study motivated students. In this study, the dual mission of the teaching profession becomes apparent. This dual mission is about getting students to evolve toward the knowledge requirements and a democratically fostering mission. It appears that the teachers experience both of these missions as a driving force in their adaptation work, which becomes particularly clear in the field of social sciences.

This two years master’s thesis is a review and exploration of the Swedish debate concerning children’s literature from the 19th century to the present, as well as the evaluation and analysis of four adaptations of the tale Red Riding Hood. The aims are to identify how ideas and values regarding the role of children’s literature in society have developed over time and to contribute with a knowledge base for continued reflection and discussion on the subject of children’s reading and mediation of children’s literature in public libraries. The theory and method used in the thesis, is primarily based on the discourse analysis of Michel Foucault. I have identified four main discourses: the educational discourse, the liberation discourse, the politicized dis- course and the popular discourse. To explore the tension between contingency and permanence within the dis- cursive field I have revolved the analysis around key concepts such as ”pedagogy”, ”children” and ”childhood”. The four different adaptations of Red Riding Hood illustrate how beliefs about children and children’s reading have been revised over time. The study shows that the debate and the literature have evolved from a didactic and instrumental point of view to a more liberating and aesthetic approach. But the movement is not linear and uni- vocal. The current debates and the range of children’s literature today exhibit tendencies both of protective mo- rality, expressive and imaginative aesthetics and political awareness. The predominant view of children is still as human “becoming’s” rather than “beings”, and the value of reading literature is thus regarded as extrinsic and as a tool for language development. This continuous and ongoing educational discourse takes little interest in the children’s own ideas and opinions about books and reading. It is my conclusion that children’s libraries, as me- diators of children’s literature, have an enhanced role to play in today’s technologically based society; providing and encouraging book discussions and other literary activities where not only the literature is in focus, but the children’s own reading experiences as well.

The thesis of this essay is concerned with how two adaptations of The Neverending Story have used the novel's vivid intertextuality and dialogism. The essay also discusses the possibilities of adaptation studies and whether an adaptation can explain a novel by emphasizing its themes. I denna uppsats diskuteras hur två adaptioner av Den oändliga historien har hanterat novellens rika intertextualitet och dialoger. Vidare diskuteras adaptionens möjligheter och huruvida en adaption kan förtydliga vad ett verk handlar om.

Strinnholm Lagergren, Karin 2009: The Word Became Song. Liturgical song in Catholic Monasteries 2005-2007. The intention of this dissertation is to study the musical praxis and associated conceptions in Catholic monasteries during the early 21st century. The dissertation will analyse the musical life in approximately 20 Catholic monasteries with an emphasis on Gregorian chant. The background for the dissertation is Gregorian chant’s diminished importance after the Second Vatican council (1962-65). The Second Vatican council was a Catholic council that aimed to reform the Catholic Church which also affected the liturgy. The study has been conducted as an ethnomusicological study in which the material is interpreted via the framework of the sociology of knowledge and Cultural Analysis. The theory of the symbolical universe as the place where Gregorian chant exists and is legitimized is central. The empirical data consist of interviews, sheet music and CD recordings gathered during fieldwork visits. The study encompassed monasteries in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Italy, France. The orders that have been studied are Dominicans, Benedictines, Carmelites, Bridgettines and Cistercians. The musical material has been divided into three categories that are analysed using the terms Recreated, Reshaped and Renewed. The Recreated category refers to liturgies that maintained Gregorian chant in Latin, the Reshaped refers to Gregorian chant that have been adapted to be sung in the vernacular language and the Renewed category refers to brand new compositions composed in individual monasteries for their personal liturgies. All three categories can coexist in the same monastery. The music in the Renewed category is modelled after Gregorian chant but the music's theoretical ties are in most cases more ideological in nature than musically traceable. Regardless as to how great an extent the monasteries sing the three different categories, Gregorian chant has a very important role and is the foundation of both liturgical and musical identity of the Catholic monasteries today. Gregorian chant’s role in the symbolical universe is fortified through different legitimization processes, of which the teaching exercise is an important example. The practical and ideological factors behind the unique monastic musical ideal are discussed as are the reasons why so many monasteries chose to record their repertoires on CD. Finally the dissertation discusses a present tendency in the monastic world which sees an increasing use of Gregorian chant in the liturgy, a so called Re-gregorianisation. The most important factors behind this process are the Western world’s great interest in the past alongside a desire for a less divided Catholic liturgy. De musikexempel som återfinns på cd-skivan i avhandlingen publiceras inte på internet. With a summary in English. Avec un résumé en français.

Validerat; 20101217 (root)

Our increasingly globalized world has contributed to that more Swedish companies has expanded their business to more distant areas. One of these Swedish companies that now stands before their first international expansion is the Swedish fast-food chain Max AB. Max has chosen to start their expansion in Saudi Arabia, a country far away from Sweden, not only in terms of geographical distance but also in cultural. The cultural differences that Max will encounter may affect the business and result in to various adaptations that must be done in order to establish successfully. The thesis investigates the existing circumstances for the fastfood business in Saudi Arabia and shows which adaptations international fast-food chains should or must do as a result of the cultural distances they encounter. Subsequently there will be an exposition of which adaptations Max will accomplish in their concept with their establishment in Saudi Arabia. The investigation method that has been used is qualitative interviews. The interviews were with Max’ franchise manager and former marketing director for McDonald’s in the Middle Eastern region. The outcome of our investigation shows clear cultural differences and that fast-food chains have to conduct themselves and adapt to these differences in order to establish successfully. Key words: Fast-food business, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudi Arabia, psychic distance, culture, adaptations Vår allt mer globaliserade värld har medfört att alltfler svenska företag internationaliserar sin verksamhet till mer avlägsna områden. Ett av dessa svenska företag som nu står inför sin första utlandsexpansion är den svenska snabbmatskedjan Max AB. Max har valt att börja sin expansion i Saudiarabien, ett land långt ifrån Sverige, inte bara i termer av geografiskt avstånd utan även kulturellt avstånd. De kulturella skillnaderna som Max möter kan komma att påverka verksamheten och leda till att vissa anpassningar måste genomföras för en framgångsrik etablering. Uppsatsen undersöker det rådande förhållandet för snabbmatsbranschen i Saudiarabien och visar vilka anpassningar internationella snabbmatskedjor bör eller måste göra på grund av de kulturella skillnaderna de möter. Härefter följer en genomgång av vilka anpassningar Max kommer att göra i sitt koncept vid sin etablering i Saudiarabien. Den undersökningsmetod som har använts är kvalitativa intervjuer. En intervju med Max expansionschef samt tidigare marknadschef för McDonald’s i regionen mellanöstern har företagits. Resultatet från undersökningen visar på tydliga kulturella skillnader och att snabbmatskedjor måste förhålla sig och anpassa sig till dessa för genomförandet av en framgångsrik etablering. Nyckelord: Snabbmatsbranschen, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudiarabien, psychic distance, kultur, anpassningar